History of Computing Flashcards
Abacus
- earliest numeric computation aid device
- finger powered calculator
Algorithm
- A finite set of unambiguous instructions to solve a problem
What type of early calculating machines were there?
Manual or mechanical
- slide rule was used in science/engineering and replaced by pocket calculators
Jacquard Loom
used punch cards that were later used to code computer programs
George Boole
Created boolean algebra using circuits
Claude Shannon
Introduced application of Boolean Logic and was the father of the modern information age
Von Neumann Architecture
- Created the basics for a modern computer
- stored program”
• binary internal coding
• CPU-Memory-I/O organization
• “fetch-decode-execute”
instruction cycle
Alan Turing
-During ww2 created the enigma and Turing machine
ENIAC
-First electronic general-purpose computer
-Used vacuum tubes to control the flow of
electrical signals
- Manual programming of boards, switches and
“function table
Grace Murray Hopper
- created the first compiler because she was tired of writing machine code by hand
- greatly improved programming speed and efficiency
Transistor
- the most important invention of the 20th century
- replaced vacuum tubes
- lower cost and decreased space
Hearing Aid
- the first device that was built with a transistor
IBM System/360
- family of computers, with compatible architecture, covering a wide price range
Punch card
- punched card from a Fortran program
Margaret Hamilton
- led the team who coded programming for the guidance computer
- considered a pioneer in software engineering
Gordon Bell
- created the first mini computer
specialized supercomputers
- used for scientific applications
microprocessor
- made the personal computer possible
- first used in a programmable computer
desktop and portable computers
- used microprocessors
- personal computers/workstation
Altair
-first kit microcomputer
The beginning of Microsoft
- Bill Gates and Paul Allen
How was Altair developed?
Developed altar from basic complier
First apple computer
-Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs
Radio Shack
- first plug and play personal computer
available at retail
-programmed in BASIC - very affordable
Osborne I
- first “portable” computer
-
IBM PC
- operating system supplied by Microsoft
Apple MacIntosh
- second Personal computer with GUI interface
what is memory measured in?
- gigabytes
what is secondary storage measured in?
-terabytes
what is communication speeds measured in?
-megabits or gigabits
