Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Computer Science > Computer Components > Flashcards

Computer Components Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Desktop Motherboard

A

-Main circuit of your computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CPU (desktop motherboard) - Central Processing Unit

A
  • CPU- known as the brain of the computer

- Controls all the functions of the computer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peripherals (desktop motherboard)

A
  • Any device, like a keyboard, hard drive, mouse, etc., that connects to the computer, either internally or externally.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CPU socket (desktop motherboard)

A
  • single connector between a microprocessor and motherboard
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PCl slots (desktop motherboard) - Peripheral Component Interconnect

A
  • built-in slot on a device that allows for the attachment of various hardware components such as network cards, modems, sound cards, disk controllers and other peripherals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Memory slots (desktop motherboard)

A
  • allows RAM (computer memory) to be inserted into the computer
  • in other words stores data and instructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Power inputs (desktop motherboard)

A
  • where to turn the computer on and off
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SATA ports (desktop motherboard)

A
  • known as connectors, and they are used to connect hard drives to motherboards.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

BIOS (desktop motherbaord)- Basic Input Output System

A
  • computer’s basic input/output system

- manages the most basic instructions that allow your computer to boot into an operating system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is RAM

A

-Random Access Memory (outside the CPU)
Your computer’s ordinary memory (or RAM ) is volatile memory
- volatile is used to describe memory content that is lost when the power is interrupted or switched off.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ROM

A
  • Read only memory

- not volatile, stays there permanently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SDRAM

A
  • Synchronous Dynamic RAM (one part of the RAM)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some examples of secondary storage devices? (non-volatile)

A
  • hard drive
  • USB stick
  • CD drive
  • DVD drive
  • SD card
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a bus?

A
  • A connection between component devices connected to a computer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Jon Von Neuman create?

A
  • created a simplified computing model

- includes: CPU, memory, input/output devices , possibly second storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two units in the CPU

A
  1. Control unit

2. Arithmetic/logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Control unit of CPU

A

-regulates and integrates the operations of the computer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arithmetic/Logical Unit

A
  • performs basic mathematical calculations and logic operations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the processing speed of cpu measured in?

A
  • Computation occurs in cycles

- Base unit: Hz = cycles per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is data represented in the CPU?

A
  • Data is represented in “bits”

- Base unit: Byte = 8 bit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the cache memory in CPU?

A
  • chip-based computer component that makes retrieving data from the computer’s memory more efficient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does the CPU work in a 3 step process? (Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle)

A
  1. An instruction is fetched from memory.
  2. The instruction is decoded and the processor figures out what it’s being told to do.
  3. The instruction is executed and an operation is performed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Register file of CPU

A
  • temporary storage locations inside the CPU that hold data and addresses
24
Q

Instruction Register of CPU

A
  • holds instruction currently being executed or decoded
25
Q

Program counter of CPU

A
  • manages the memory address of the instruction to be executed next
26
Q

Memory Address Register of CPU

A
  • where to read/write data
27
Q

Multiplexor

A
  • either reading an instruction or moving data
28
Q

What are registers of the CPU?

A
  • store small amounts of data that are needed during processing, such as: the address of the next instruction to be executed. the current instruction being decoded. memory addresses to access
29
Q

Examples of Registers

A
  1. Accumulator (ACC)
  2. Program Counter (PC)
  3. Instruction Register (IR)
30
Q

What is main memory also known as?

A
  • Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM or RAM)
31
Q

What does main memory store?

A
  • A collection of temporary storage
    locations, each with a unique
    physical address
32
Q

What are two types of primary memory?

A
  • RAM( volatile)

- ROM (non-volatile) -Read only memory

33
Q

Where is the main memory?

A
  • Outside of the CPU
34
Q

What is a processing core?

A
  • processing unit that reads instructions to perform specific actions.
35
Q

What does each CPU core contain?

A
  • Own set of CU, registers and ALU
36
Q

CPU Other Features: Turbo Boost

A
  • increasing the processing speed of one or more cores; typically requires disabling other cores to ensure continued stable operation
37
Q

CPU Other Features: Hyper-threading

A

-processing two unrelated instructions simultaneously in the same core

38
Q

What are graphics processing unit? (GPU)

A
  • A processor specializing in rendering 3D graphics by performing repeated math operations on matrices and vectors
  • do not require sophisticated computing cores
39
Q

What is graphics processing unit (GPS) used for?

A
  • video games

- medical imaging

40
Q

Two types of bus

A
  1. CPU-RAM

2. PCl Express

41
Q

What is the CPU Ram Bus?

A
  • allows communication between the CPU and the RAM
42
Q

What is the PCl Express bus?

A
  • connects CPU to other components
43
Q

Two types of Disk Based Storage (non-volatile)

A
  1. Hard disk drive (HDD)

2. DVDS, Blue-ray CD

44
Q

Hard Drive Disk (HDD) (3 points)

A
  • mechanical in nature
  • Contains one or more spinning magnetic disks (platters)
  • Fixed storage (media cannot be separated from the drive)
45
Q

Blue-Ray, DVD, and CD

A
  • optical in nature
  • lasers are used to read the discs
  • removable storage
46
Q

SSDs: Solid State Discs

A
  • resistant to physical shock

- lower data access time, higher data transfer rates, more expensive

47
Q

HDDS: Hard Drive Discs

A
  • sensitive to physical shock

- higher data access times, lower data transfer rates, less expensive

48
Q

What type of state does flash-based storage use and is it volatile or not?

A
  • solid state (no moving parts) memory chips

- non-volatile

49
Q

What are two techniques for extending lifespan of cells?

A
  1. Provisioning: include extra capacity to use when cells start to fail
  2. Wear levelling: distribute wires so that all cells wear evenly
50
Q

Three examples of flash based storage

A
  1. USB “thumb” drive, flash cards:
  2. Solid state storage drive (SSD)
  3. Solid state hybrid drive (SSHD)
51
Q

What are two ways to produce image on screens?

A

LED: Light Emitting Diodes-provide backlight
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display- front

52
Q

What are three Panel technology characteristics?

A
  1. Twisted Nematic (TN)
  2. In Plane Switching (IPS)
  3. OLED
53
Q

What are two types of built-in display touch screens?

A
  1. Resistive

2. Capacitive

54
Q

What are resistive touch screen?

A
  • Composed of two transparent sheets, separated by a gap
55
Q

Resistive Touch Advantages and Disadvantages

A

Advantages:

  • Pressure from any object will activate a touch event
  • Low cost

Disadvantages:
- Vulnerable to scratches/damage

56
Q

Capacitive Touch Screens

A

An electric field exists over the surface of

the screen and touching the screen interrupts this field

57
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of CapactiveTouch Screens

A

Advantage:
• More durable than resistive touch screens
• Able to detect multiple touch points
Disadvantage:
• Touch only activated with bare finger or
conductive material

Computer Science (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions