history of computer Flashcards
is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It can store, retrieve, and process data. It is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computations) automatically.
Computer
First computer that invented around 4,00 years ago. . It is a wooden rack which has metal rods with beads mounted on them.Still used in some countries like China, Russia and Japan.
Abacus
Was invented in 1642 by Blaise Pascal, It is thought to be the first mechanical and automated
calculator. It is a wooden box with gears and wheels inside.
Pascaline
A mechanical computer that could do basic computations like numerical tables such as logarithmic tables.
Difference Engine
In 1673, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improved on Pascal’s invention to create this apparatus. A digital mechanical calculator known as the stepped reckoner because it used flited drums instead of gears.
Stepped Reckoner or Leibniz Wheel
A mechanical computer that took input form punch cards. Capable of solving any mathematical problem and storing data in an indefinite memory.
Analytical Engine
Herman Hollerith invented this machine in the year 1890. it could compute statistics and record or sort data or information.
Tabulating Machine
First electrical computer by Vannevar Bush in 1930. It could perform 25 calculations in a matter of minutes.
Differential Analyzer
Howard Aiken planned to build a machine in 1937 that could conduct massive calculations. The Mark I computer was constructed in 1944 as a collaboration between IBM and Harvard.
Mark 1
This was from the period of 1940 to 1955.
1st Generation
The years 1957 to 1963 were referred to as the “second generation of computers”.
2nd Generation
The hallmark of this period (1964-1971) was the development of the integrated circuit.
3rd Generation
Invention of the microprocessors brought along the fourth generation of computers in the year 1971 to 1980.
4th Generation
These computers have been utilized since 1980 and continue to be used now.
5th Generation
The five basics operations that a computer performs are INPUT, STORAGE, PROCESSING, OUTPUT and CONTROL.
Fundamentals of Computer
The data and instructions given to a computer to solve the problem is known as ?
Input
Stores the data or information for processing.
Storage
It is a set of steps performed to convert data into information.
Processing
The processed data or the result information is an output.
Output
it controls the flow of data and instructions from the storage unit to ALU.
Control
Built with various components such as gears and levers, with no electrical components.
Analog Computers
Information is represented in discrete form, typically as sequences of 0s and 1s (binary digits or bits). Digital computers are categorized into many different types. They are as follows:
Digital Computers
The most powerful computers to date. They have enormous systems that are purpose built to solve complicated scientific and industrial problems
a. Super Computers
A computer that is generally utilized by large enterprises for mission-critical activities such as massive data processing.
Mainframe Computers
Relatively small and affordable, has many same features and capabilities as a larger computer but smaller in size.
Minicomputers
Is a small computer that is based on a microprocessor integrated circuit, often know as chip. Also referred to as a personal computer (PC).
Microcomputers
Are often simple in design and control electrical and mechanical processes with basic microprocessors.
Embedded Processors
