History Of Clinical Psych

Question 1

3 Activities of CP

Answer 1

1. Assessment
2. Treatment
3. Research

Question 2

Definition of Clinical Psychology

Answer 2

“The field of Clinical Psychology integrates science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development. Clinical Psychology focuses on the intellectual, emotional, biological, social and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life span, in varying cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels.”

Question 3

Assessment

Answer 3

– collecting information about people to answer referral questions

Question 4

Treatment –

Answer 4

individual counselling or therapy, family/couple therapy, or group therapy

Question 5

Research

Answer 5

– collecting and analyzing data, and sharing the findings.

Question 6

Why the focus on research?

Answer 6

Evaluate research to determine appropriate assessment and intervention strategies
•Evaluate individual clinicians’ effectiveness
•Evaluate services provided by agencies
•Provide research training to students

Question 7

What is evidenced based practice?

Answer 7

“Psychological services that integrate the best available research with clinical judgement and expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.”

Question 8

What professional group did CP evolve from?

Answer 8

Psychologists - boring people doing boring research.

Question 9

Roots of CP

Answer 9

A.Use of scientific (quantitative) methods in psychology

B.The study of human individual differences

C.Changes in the conceptualization and treatment of behavior disorders

Question 10

The Empirical Tradition - Wundt.

Why is his work still relevant?

Answer 10

He established CP as a science (moved Psy from philosophy to science).

Question 11

The Psychometric tradition -

Answer 11

Defining individual differences (reaction time, intelligence). Noted we all have individual perceptual processes.

Question 12

Charles Darwin proposes 2 things:

Answer 12

1. Existence of variations of characteristics WITHIN & between species.
2. Natural selection takes place based on those characteristics.

Question 13

Why is psychological testing important to CP?

Answer 13

Measures & determines individual differences between in mental ability (sensory processes; motor capacity)

Question 14

Testing Complex Functions

Answer 14

1891 Hugo Munsterberg
•Emil Kraepelin
•1895 Alfred Binet

Tests moved from the structure of the brain to the FUNCTION of the brain

Question 15

Binet-Simon Scale

Answer 15

Determines someone’s mental age.

1st type if specialized CP testing.

Question 16

The Clinical Tradition (explanation of mental illness)

Answer 16

Supernatural
•Medical Model
•Demonological
•Medical Model (Brain Damage)
•The Psychiatric Revolution
•Hypnotism

Question 17

Birth of CP:

1st CP was Lightner Witmer

Answer 17

Not famous because he continued using old form of testing. Only worked with children; didn’t practice psychotherapy (psychodynamics)
Wasn’t interested in being progressive l.

Question 18

War - what is it good for?

Answer 18

• Army Alpha Intelligence Test (group setting)
• Army Beta Intelligence Test (admin to non-English speakers)’
• Personal Data Sheet (give personal data to deter psychological concerns)

These test gave Psychology much needed respect. Schools & businesses started using them.

Forerunner to IQ tests

Question 19

Why did Psychologists start offering therapy?

Answer 19

•Use of personality tests brought psychologists closer to the treatment role.

●Difficultly focusing solely on educational problems in guidance clinics.

●Psychologists started learning psychoanalysis (similar to psychiatrists).

●Government funded internships for psychologists in VA hospitals and mental health clinics.

Question 20

CP becomes a profession & provides 6 functions:

Answer 20

●Assessment
●Treatment
●Research
●Teaching
●Consultation
●Administration

Question 21

4 findings of Shakow Report

Answer 21

1. Clinical Psychologists should be trained first as scientists/psychologists and second as clinicians.
2. Clinical training should be as rigorous as the training of non-clinicians (therefore longer training).

3•Clinical training should include a year of supervised clinical internship training.

4•Training should focus on assessment, research, and treatment.

Question 22

In 1949 National Conference of CP training…

Answer 22

“Boulder Model” - adopted Shakow report recommendations.

Question 23

PsyD programs:

Answer 23

Nicholas Cummings- 1970 independent school for training CP.
Focused on clinical training instead of research.
No “for profit” PsyD programs allowed in Canada.