History Of Atomic Structures

Question 1

Boyle

Answer 1

The first to re-define “element”

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances

Question 3

Lavoisier

Answer 3

Used oxygen and phlogiston

Question 4

Proust

Answer 4

Law of definite proportions

Compounds have defined chemical formulas

Question 5

Dalton’s atomic theory

Answer 5

I. All matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms
II. All atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of different elements have different properties
III. Chemical reactions involve the combination of atoms, not the destruction of atoms
IV. When elements react to form compounds, they react in defined, whole number rations

Question 6

Why is it Dalton’s theory and not Dalton’s law

Answer 6

Because of isotopes

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

The number of protons in an atom.

It determines the identity of the atom

Question 8

Atomic mass

Answer 8

The sum of the protons and neutrons

Question 9

Subatomic particles:

Answer 9

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 10

Protons

Answer 10

Found in nucleus - positively charged

Question 11

Neutrons

Answer 11

Found in nucleus -neutral - no charge

Question 12

Electrons

Answer 12

In outer shell/electron cloud -negative charge

Question 13

Isotope

Answer 13

Atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 14

Democritus

Answer 14

Developed a new theory on matter, first to use the

“atomas”- indivisible

Question 15

Periodic table

Answer 15

Shows all of the known elements w/ information about them

They are organized by atomic number with horizontal rows and vertical columns

Question 16

Dimitri Mendeleev

Answer 16

The first scientist to organize the elements in this manner

Question 17

Period

Answer 17

(Aka series)
Horizontal rows
Period are numbered 1-7

Question 18

Groups

Answer 18

(Aka families) vertical columns

Question 19

Alkali metals

Answer 19

Group 1

Very reactive

Question 20

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 20

Group 2

Make up large portion of the earths crust

Question 21

Transition Metals

Answer 21

Groups 3-12
Contains many of the most common metals
Ex: copper, gold, silver, etc

Question 22

Halogens

Answer 22

Group 17
Halo- salt
Gen- to rise up
Very reactive

Question 23

Noble Gases

Answer 23

Group 18

Very non- reactive

Question 24

Three large categories of element:

Answer 24

Metals
Metalloids
Non metals

Question 25

Metals

Answer 25

Lustrous (shiny)
Malleable (sheets)
Ductile (wire)
Conduct heat and electricity 
Most are solid at room temperature

Question 26

What does the electron identify

Answer 26

Chemical properties

Question 27

Non metals

Answer 27

Dull
Brittle
Non conductors
Many are gases at room temperature

Question 28

Metalloids

Answer 28

Have characteristics of both metals and non metals
There are 6 metalloids
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

Question 29

Diatomic molecules

Answer 29

Molecules of 2 atoms made of the same element

H-O-F-N-BrICl

Question 30

Allotropes

Answer 30

Different forms of the same element

Carbon has 3 allotropes

1. Graphite
2. Diamonds
3. Buckmister fullerine