HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Question 1

“Birth House”; Became the prototype of the Greek Doric Temples

Answer 1

Mammisi Temple

Question 2

One of the “incomparable monuments of ancient Egypt” The temple was the site of the massacre of 62 people, mostly tourists, by
Islamist extremists that took place on 17 November 1997

Answer 2

Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

Question 3

It is one of the rock- hewn temples at this place commanded by the indefatigable Rameses II. An entrance forecourt leads to
the imposing façade, 36 m ( 119 ft. ) wide and 32 m (105 ft.) high formed as pylon, immediately in front of which are four
rock-cut seated colossal statues of Rameses, over 20 m (65 ft.) high.

Answer 3

Great Temple of Abu-Simbel

Question 4

The grandest of all Egyptian temples, was not built upon one complete plan but owes its size, disposition and magnificence to
the work of many Kings, built from the XIIth Dynasty to the Ptolemaic period .

Answer 4

Temple of Amon, Karnak

Question 5

The temple has been in almost continuous use as a place of worship right up to the present day. During the Christian era, the
temple’s hypostyle hall was converted into a Christian church, and the remains of another Coptic church can be seen to the west.
Then for thousands of years, the temple was buried beneath the streets and houses of Luxor. Eventually the mosque of Sufi
Shaykh Yusuf Abu al-Hajjaj was built over it. This mosque was carefully preserved when the temple was uncovered and forms an
integral part of the site today.

Answer 5

Temple of Luxor

Question 6

An example of an almost complete New Kingdom temple
Peristyle Court bordered with 28 columns
Taharqo added a porch of 4 rows of 5 papyrus-shaped columns in front of the temple’s pylon

Answer 6

Temple of Khonsu

Question 7

Height: 65.50m (Now 61.00m); Base: 103.40m

Answer 7

Pyramid of Menkaure or Mykerinos

Question 8

Height: 143.50m (Now 136.40m); Base: 215.50m

Answer 8

Pyramid of Khafra or Chephren

Question 9

Height: 146.64m (Now 137.20m); Base: 230.25m

2 times the area of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

Answer 9

Great Pyramid at Giza

Pyramid of Khufu or Cheops

Question 10

104m high; made from reddish limestone used to build most of its core

Answer 10

Red Pyramid of Sneferu

Shining Northern Pyramid

Question 11

105m high; First pyramid to use limestone casting
54 degrees on the lower portion and shifts to 42 degrees halfway to make the pyramid light and prevent it from collapsing

Answer 11

Bent Pyramid of Sneferu

Question 12

Well preserved and has been restored.

Thi held the position of Royal Architect and manager of pyramids

Answer 12

Mastaba of Thi

Question 13

Oldest surviving masonry building structure in the world; 62m high by imhotep

Answer 13

Step Pyramid of Zoser or Djoser

Question 14

 Made up of rectangular blocks of stone with or w/ out
mortar joints but frequently secured with dowels and cramps.
 Masonry of squared stones in regular ashlar course

Answer 14

Opus Quadratum

Question 15

 Made up of small stones laid in a loose pattern roughly
assembling the polygonal work.
 Masonry formed of small rough stones set irregularly in mortar,
sometimes traversed by beds of bricks or tiles

Answer 15

Opus Incertum

Question 16

Fine joints were in diagonal lines like the meshes of a net.
 Backed by a concrete core, formed of small pyramidal stones
with their points embedded in the wall, their exposed square
bases, set diagonally, forming a net-like pattern

Answer 16

Opus Recticulatum

Question 17

Triangular bricks (plan) specially made for facing the walls.

Answer 17

Opus Testaceum

Question 18

Consisted of bands of “tufa” introduced at intervals in the ordinary brick
facing or alteration of rectangular blocks with small squared stone
blocks. Formed from mix of wall surfaces

Answer 18

Opus Mixtum

Question 19

Any mosaic of regularly cut material

Answer 19

Opus Sectile

Question 20

A form of opus sectile having geometric pattern formed with few colors
such as black and white, or dark green and red

Answer 20

Opus Alexandinum

Question 21

A mosaic of tessera arranged in waving lines resembling the form or
tracks of a worm

Answer 21

Opus Vermiculatum

Question 22

Minoan Palace
First Excavation, 1878, Minos Kalokairinos (West Magazines)
March 1900 to 1931, Sir Arthur Evans (whole of Knossos)

Answer 22

Palace of Minos, Knossos

Question 23

The Lion Gate is main entrance to citadel of Mycenae, located in NW wall of the fortress.
Gateway: 3.10 m. high and 2.95 m. wide at base. Lintel: 4.50 m long, 1.98 m. wide and 0.80 m. thick at center.

Answer 23

Lion Gate

Palace of Argamemnon

Question 24

Dedicated to the goddess Athena, largest Greek Temple.

Doric, Peripteral, Octastyle

Answer 24

The Parthenon
447 BC to 432 BC
-Ictinus & Kallikrates

Question 25

2nd largest Doric Greek temple
Uses “Atlantes “, carved male figure.
104 Columns

Answer 25

The Temple of Zeus Olympus

460 BC

Question 26

Forms the imposing entrance to the Acropolis.
Uses “caryatid porch “(South Porch)
Uses “Egg & tongue “or “Egg & Dart “ornament.

Answer 26

The Erectheion

421BC to 406 BC

Question 27

One of the seven wonders of the world, Center of Pan – Ionic

festival of the Asiatic Colonies.

Answer 27

The Temple of Arthemis

Question 28

A type of monument erected to support a Tripod, as a prize for
athletic exercises or musical competitions in Greek festival.

Answer 28

The Choragic Monument of

Lysicrates

Question 29

Where famous Choragic competitions took place during the
Panathenaic festivals, prototype of all Greek temples.
Considered to be the prototype of all Greek theaters &
accommodating almost 18,000 spectators.

Answer 29

The Theater Of Dionysus

Question 30

Most beautiful & preserved Greek Temple.

Answer 30

The Theater of Epidaurus

Question 31

Most famous & perfect preservation of all ancient buildings in Rome. It
was now converted into a Christian church named Sta. Maria Rotonda.

Answer 31

The Pantheon

Question 32

Largest, Grandest with 3,000 bathers

Answer 32

Thermae of Diocletian

Question 33

One of the most striking and best preserved parts of the Villa are a pool
and an artificial grotto which were named Canopus and Serapeum,
respectively. Canopus was an Egyptian city where a temple (Serapeum)
was dedicated to the god Serapis. However, the architecture is Greek
influenced (typical in Roman architecture of the High and Late Empire) as
seen in the Corinthian columns and the copies of famous Greek statues
that surround the pool.

Answer 33

Hadrian’s Villa

Summer Bath

Question 34

The largest and most important theatre in Rome. The largest and
most important theatre in Rome. The theatre had a
capacity of between 15,000 to 20,500 spectators and its
semicircular travertine façade originally had two tiers, each composed of 41
arches. The lower tier had Doric columns, the second tier Ionic and the top
attic probably carried Corinthian pilasters.

Answer 34

Theater of Marcellus

Question 35

One of the finest remains of the Roman Empire and, as such, has been
designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is, in fact, the best
preserved theatre in the whole of Europe.

Answer 35

Theater Orange

Question 36

The elliptical building is immense, measuring 188m by 156m and reaching
a height of more than 48 meters (159 ft). The magnificent structure was
clad in marble and 160 larger-than-life statues graced the arches on the
upper floors.

Answer 36

The Colosseum

Flavian’s Amphitheatre