HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE Flashcards
“Birth House”; Became the prototype of the Greek Doric Temples
Mammisi Temple
One of the “incomparable monuments of ancient Egypt” The temple was the site of the massacre of 62 people, mostly tourists, by
Islamist extremists that took place on 17 November 1997
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
It is one of the rock- hewn temples at this place commanded by the indefatigable Rameses II. An entrance forecourt leads to
the imposing façade, 36 m ( 119 ft. ) wide and 32 m (105 ft.) high formed as pylon, immediately in front of which are four
rock-cut seated colossal statues of Rameses, over 20 m (65 ft.) high.
Great Temple of Abu-Simbel
The grandest of all Egyptian temples, was not built upon one complete plan but owes its size, disposition and magnificence to
the work of many Kings, built from the XIIth Dynasty to the Ptolemaic period .
Temple of Amon, Karnak
The temple has been in almost continuous use as a place of worship right up to the present day. During the Christian era, the
temple’s hypostyle hall was converted into a Christian church, and the remains of another Coptic church can be seen to the west.
Then for thousands of years, the temple was buried beneath the streets and houses of Luxor. Eventually the mosque of Sufi
Shaykh Yusuf Abu al-Hajjaj was built over it. This mosque was carefully preserved when the temple was uncovered and forms an
integral part of the site today.
Temple of Luxor
An example of an almost complete New Kingdom temple
Peristyle Court bordered with 28 columns
Taharqo added a porch of 4 rows of 5 papyrus-shaped columns in front of the temple’s pylon
Temple of Khonsu
Height: 65.50m (Now 61.00m); Base: 103.40m
Pyramid of Menkaure or Mykerinos
Height: 143.50m (Now 136.40m); Base: 215.50m
Pyramid of Khafra or Chephren
Height: 146.64m (Now 137.20m); Base: 230.25m
2 times the area of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome
Great Pyramid at Giza
Pyramid of Khufu or Cheops
104m high; made from reddish limestone used to build most of its core
Red Pyramid of Sneferu
Shining Northern Pyramid
105m high; First pyramid to use limestone casting
54 degrees on the lower portion and shifts to 42 degrees halfway to make the pyramid light and prevent it from collapsing
Bent Pyramid of Sneferu
Well preserved and has been restored.
Thi held the position of Royal Architect and manager of pyramids
Mastaba of Thi
Oldest surviving masonry building structure in the world; 62m high by imhotep
Step Pyramid of Zoser or Djoser
Made up of rectangular blocks of stone with or w/ out
mortar joints but frequently secured with dowels and cramps.
Masonry of squared stones in regular ashlar course
Opus Quadratum
Made up of small stones laid in a loose pattern roughly
assembling the polygonal work.
Masonry formed of small rough stones set irregularly in mortar,
sometimes traversed by beds of bricks or tiles
Opus Incertum
Fine joints were in diagonal lines like the meshes of a net.
Backed by a concrete core, formed of small pyramidal stones
with their points embedded in the wall, their exposed square
bases, set diagonally, forming a net-like pattern
Opus Recticulatum
Triangular bricks (plan) specially made for facing the walls.
Opus Testaceum
Consisted of bands of “tufa” introduced at intervals in the ordinary brick
facing or alteration of rectangular blocks with small squared stone
blocks. Formed from mix of wall surfaces
Opus Mixtum
Any mosaic of regularly cut material
Opus Sectile
A form of opus sectile having geometric pattern formed with few colors
such as black and white, or dark green and red
Opus Alexandinum
A mosaic of tessera arranged in waving lines resembling the form or
tracks of a worm
Opus Vermiculatum
Minoan Palace
First Excavation, 1878, Minos Kalokairinos (West Magazines)
March 1900 to 1931, Sir Arthur Evans (whole of Knossos)
Palace of Minos, Knossos
The Lion Gate is main entrance to citadel of Mycenae, located in NW wall of the fortress.
Gateway: 3.10 m. high and 2.95 m. wide at base. Lintel: 4.50 m long, 1.98 m. wide and 0.80 m. thick at center.
Lion Gate
Palace of Argamemnon
Dedicated to the goddess Athena, largest Greek Temple.
Doric, Peripteral, Octastyle
The Parthenon
447 BC to 432 BC
-Ictinus & Kallikrates
2nd largest Doric Greek temple
Uses “Atlantes “, carved male figure.
104 Columns
The Temple of Zeus Olympus
460 BC
Forms the imposing entrance to the Acropolis.
Uses “caryatid porch “(South Porch)
Uses “Egg & tongue “or “Egg & Dart “ornament.
The Erectheion
421BC to 406 BC
One of the seven wonders of the world, Center of Pan – Ionic
festival of the Asiatic Colonies.
The Temple of Arthemis
A type of monument erected to support a Tripod, as a prize for
athletic exercises or musical competitions in Greek festival.
The Choragic Monument of
Lysicrates
Where famous Choragic competitions took place during the
Panathenaic festivals, prototype of all Greek temples.
Considered to be the prototype of all Greek theaters &
accommodating almost 18,000 spectators.
The Theater Of Dionysus
Most beautiful & preserved Greek Temple.
The Theater of Epidaurus
Most famous & perfect preservation of all ancient buildings in Rome. It
was now converted into a Christian church named Sta. Maria Rotonda.
The Pantheon
Largest, Grandest with 3,000 bathers
Thermae of Diocletian
One of the most striking and best preserved parts of the Villa are a pool
and an artificial grotto which were named Canopus and Serapeum,
respectively. Canopus was an Egyptian city where a temple (Serapeum)
was dedicated to the god Serapis. However, the architecture is Greek
influenced (typical in Roman architecture of the High and Late Empire) as
seen in the Corinthian columns and the copies of famous Greek statues
that surround the pool.
Hadrian’s Villa
Summer Bath
The largest and most important theatre in Rome. The largest and
most important theatre in Rome. The theatre had a
capacity of between 15,000 to 20,500 spectators and its
semicircular travertine façade originally had two tiers, each composed of 41
arches. The lower tier had Doric columns, the second tier Ionic and the top
attic probably carried Corinthian pilasters.
Theater of Marcellus
One of the finest remains of the Roman Empire and, as such, has been
designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is, in fact, the best
preserved theatre in the whole of Europe.
Theater Orange
The elliptical building is immense, measuring 188m by 156m and reaching
a height of more than 48 meters (159 ft). The magnificent structure was
clad in marble and 160 larger-than-life statues graced the arches on the
upper floors.
The Colosseum
Flavian’s Amphitheatre
