History Notes: Teddy Roosevelt to W.E.B. DuBois Flashcards
John D. Rockefeller felt his wealth and success were somehow
given from God
Where did John D. Rockefeller get his wealth?
oil (Standard Oil)
Andrew Carnegie became the
wealthiest man in the world
“vertical trust”
own the entire means and process of production
The “vertical trust” is associated with
Andrew Carnegie
Horizontal integration or “horizontal trusts”
- A single company gains control over an entire market
- Creates a monopoly of oil industry
Standard Oil is founded, Rockefeller’s company - By 1880s, Standard Oil controls 90% of the market
How did Standard Oil use underpricing?
Standard Oil would keep their products’ prices very low, other companies couldn’t compete and would go out of business, then they’d raise their prices again
Pooling
Agreement among several companies to protect quotas and drive out anybody who is outside of that pool
Trusts
Board of trustees from different companies that come together and form central control board over all the other companies, much like pooling but more formal, way to eliminate competition
Rockefeller was worth
$800 million dollars
Teddy Roosevelt was born in
New York (state), 1858
While serving in the New York assembly, Teddy’s Roosevelt’s wife and mother
died
Teddy Roosevelt went to what school?
Harvard
Teddy Roosevelt was nicknamed
“Cowboy of the Dakotas”
Teddy Roosevelt was a different Republican because he believe the wealthy and educated had a duty to do what?
to help less fortunate
Teddy Roosevelt as a reformer
cleans up corruption, elected as governor of New York state, creative politician and activist
The Coal Strike of 1902
the coal miners in eastern Pennsylvania go on strike, becomes a national problem, ends after 163 days with Teddy Roosevelt’s intervention
Square Deal
attempted to confront the problems caused by economic consolidation by distinguishing between “good” and “bad” corporations
“Bad” corporations were run by greedy financiers and were interested only in
profit
How did Teddy Roosevelt deal with the Coal Strike of 1902?
invites labor leaders to White House, acts as a mediator and pressures mine owners to give in to what the miners want
Roosevelt believed federal government had to face
social problems
Sherman Antitrust (1890)
first law to restrict monopolistic trusts and business combinations
Teddy Roosevelt was known as being a
trustbuster
Teddy Roosevelt targeted…and publicized dangers of …
big companies/industries, monopolies
The Square Deal was meant to
regulate corporations, protect consumers and middle class, and conserve natural resources
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
First law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines, prohibited dangerous additives and inaccurate labeling
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Passed largely in reaction to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, the law set strict standards of cleanliness in the meat packing industry
Teddy Roosevelt and conservation
“A Practical Forester”, who likes the outdoors, believes natural resources need to be conserved and worried about deforestation
The US forest service was headed by
Gifford Pinchot
National Conservation Commission
first comprehensive study to look over oil resources, forest reserves, etc.
Teddy Roosevelt recruited rangers to
take care of forest preserves
Gifford Pinchot had 80 million acres of land to be set aside as
wildlife and mineral reserves
John Muir was one of the first and most famous
preservationists
John Muir
defended American wilderness and founded the Sierra Club
John Muir wanted to preserve nature for
wilderness’ sake, not to be touched
Who were the candidates in the Election of 1908?
William Howard Taft (Republican), William Jennings Bryan (Democrat)
Why didn’t Roosevelt run in the Election of 1908?
he was progressive and didn’t think people should stay in office forever
President Taft was less concerned with…than Roosevelt, and he…
reform, alienates progressive Republicans
President Taft enacted
a graduate income tax
People entreated Roosevelt to come back and help during the presidency of
William Howard Taft
Teddy Roosevelt ran again for president in the election of
1912
Who were the candidates in the election of 1912?
Robert “Fighting Bob” La Follett, William Howard Taft, Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson
Who won all 12 primaries in the Election of 1912 but didn’t become the Republican nominee?
Teddy Roosevelt
New Nationalism
Women’s suffrage, 8-hour day, prohibition for child labor, minimum wage for working women, stricter regulation of large corporations
In the election of 1912, the Democrats nominate
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson was a
reformer, governor of New Jersey, once was President of Princeton
The New Freedom
Favors progressive reforms, BUT would not enlarge federal government like New Nationalism
Eugene Debs was the…candidate in the election of 1912
socialist
Social Gospel
advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization
What were some of the acts/reform Woodrow Wilson enacted?
Underwood-Simmons Act of 1913
• Federal Reserve Act
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914
• Federal Trade Commission
Booker T. Washington encouraged African-Americans to…and won…
accomodate segregation and disfranchisement, financial backing from the whites
W.E.B. DuBois protested
segregation and disfranchisement
