History Midterm

Question 1

GRAPES of Mesopotamia

Answer 1

Geography- Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Religion- polytheistic Achievements- cuneiform and ziggurats Politics- city-states and kings Economy- trade and agriculture Society- class hierarchy;

Question 2

ziggurat

Answer 2

A stepped pyramid-shaped structure serving as a temple in Mesopotamia;

Question 3

bronze age / bronze tools

Answer 3

Period when humans began using bronze for tools and weapons improving strength and durability;

Question 4

Epic of Gilgamesh

Answer 4

An epic poem from Mesopotamia considered one of the earliest works of literature;

Question 5

cuneiform

Answer 5

The first system of writing developed by the Sumerians using wedge-shaped symbols;

Question 6

Mesopotamia vs. Sumer vs. city-state

Answer 6

Mesopotamia- region Sumer- first civilization within it city-state- independent urban political entity;

Question 7

civilization vs. empire

Answer 7

Civilization- complex society with shared culture Empire- multiple regions united under a single authority;

Question 8

Hammurabi/ Code

Answer 8

Babylonian king known for a set of laws codifying justice;

Question 9

Stela

Answer 9

A stone or wooden slab often inscribed to commemorate events or individuals;

Question 10

Sargon

Answer 10

Akkadian ruler who established one of the first empires;

Question 11

Hittite and Assyrian Kingdoms

Answer 11

Hittites- early Indo-European people known for iron tools, Assyrian - advanced battle tactics

Question 12

Egypt: GRAPES of Egypt

Answer 12

Geography- Nile River

Question 13

pyramids

Answer 13

Massive tombs for pharaohs symbolizing their divine authority;

Question 14

Pharaohs

Answer 14

Monarchs of Egypt

Question 15

Tutankhamun

Answer 15

Menes- unifier

Question 16

Ramses II

Answer 16

warrior king

Question 17

Hatshepsut

Answer 17

female pharaoh;

Question 18

scribes

Answer 18

Scribes were educated record keepers

Question 19

hieroglyphs

Answer 19

Egyptian writing system using pictorial symbols;

Question 20

Rosetta Stone

Answer 20

Artifact that helped decipher hieroglyphs with Greek translation;

Question 21

New

Answer 21

Middle

Question 22

Book of Dead

Answer 22

Collection of spells guiding the dead to the afterlife;

Question 23

Declaration of Innocence

Answer 23

A passage declaring moral purity in judgment after death;

Question 24

Osiris

Answer 24

God of the afterlife in Egyptian mythology;

Question 25

Monotheism

Answer 25

Belief in one God;

Question 26

covenant

Answer 26

Agreement between God and Abraham;

Question 27

Abraham

Answer 27

Patriarch of the Israelites;

Question 28

10 commandments

Answer 28

Moral laws given to Moses;

Question 29

Moses

Answer 29

Prophet who led the Exodus;

Question 30

Exodus

Answer 30

Israelites' escape from Egypt;

Question 31

Saul, David, and Solomon

Answer 31

First three kings of Israel;

Question 32

Israel and Judah

Answer 32

Kingdoms established after Solomon's reign;

Question 33

theocracy

Answer 33

Government ruled by religious authority;

Question 34

Tankah Old Testament vs. Torah

Answer 34

Tankah- entire Hebrew Bible Torah- first five books;

Question 35

Babylonian Exile vs. Diaspora

Answer 35

Babylonian Exile- forced captivity Diaspora- dispersal of Jews;

Question 36

Cyrus the Great role in exile

Answer 36

Persian king who ended Babylonian Exile;

Question 37

Shang

Answer 37

Oracle Bones ancestor worship Shang dynasty used oracle bones for divination and honored ancestors;

Question 38

Zhou

Answer 38

Chinese dynasty that established the Mandate of Heaven;

Question 39

Warring States

Answer 39

Period of intense conflict between Chinese states;

Question 40

Dynastic Cycle

Answer 40

Theory explaining rise and fall of Chinese dynasties;

Question 41

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 41

Divine approval for rulers;

Question 42

Qin

Answer 42

Dynasty unifying China under legalism;

Question 43

Shi Huangdi

Answer 43

First emperor of China;

Question 44

Confucianism

Answer 44

Philosophy emphasizing social harmony;

Question 45

Confucius/ Master Kong

Answer 45

Founder of Confucianism;

Question 46

Filial Piety

Answer 46

Respect for one's parents and elders;

Question 47

The Social Relationships

Answer 47

Five key relationships in Confucianism, ruler to subject, father to son, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, and friend to friend

Question 48

Analects

Answer 48

Collection of Confucius' teachings;

Question 49

Daoism

Answer 49

Philosophy emphasizing harmony with nature;

Question 50

Laozi

Answer 50

Founder of Daoism;

Question 51

“The Way

Answer 51

” Dao or natural order in Daoism;

Question 52

Dao de jing

Answer 52

Foundational text of Daoism;

Question 53

Zoroastrianism

Answer 53

Religion based on the duality of good and evil;

Question 54

Cyrus II

Answer 54

Emperor of Persia known for his religious tolerance and how he conquered people

Question 55

Cyrus Cylinder

Answer 55

the Cylinder records his policies;

Question 56

Satraps

Answer 56

Governors of Persian provinces;

Question 57

Religious toleration

Answer 57

Acceptance of diverse religious practices;

Question 58

Cambyses

Answer 58

Successor of Cyrus II;

Question 59

Darius

Answer 59

Persian ruler known for administration and expansion;

Question 60

Persepolis

Answer 60

Capital of the Persian Empire;

Question 61

Royal Roads

Answer 61

Network of roads for trade and communication in Persia.