history medicine in the renaissance Flashcards
what did Paracelsus discover
in 1526 he theorized the disease was caused by problems with chemicals inside the body. he challenged Galens ideas but there was little evidence to his theory
what did Fracastaro discover
in 1546 theories that disease was caused by seeds spread in the air and could be transferred through contact, clothing or objects est. very little impact at the time because he had no evidence for his theory
what did anthony van discover
in 1683 invented a more powerful microscope witch allowed the first recorded observation of bacteria. he called bacteria animalcules but he did not know that they were linked to disease.
what is spontanious generation
the idea that decay causes bacteria instead of the other way around
what treatments stayed the same
balancing humors (bleeding/purging), herbal remides and were chosen from there color or shape (small pox had a red rash so it was treated with red herbs such as drinking red wine and eating red foods)
what impact did the discovery of the new world (America) have
new herbs and plants were discovered from the new world meaning new herbal remides. sarsaparilla was used to treat the great pox and ipecac was from Brazil used to cure dysentery
what is transference
the idea that you could transfer a disease to something else (rubbing an object on a boil)
the growth of alchemy
transforming matter ( early version of chemistry) it was inspired by Paracelsus who experimented with chemical treatments and using metals as cures
what was antimony used for
it was used for sweating (people would leave a glass of wine in an antimony cup over night and drink the contents in the morning) in lager doses it could encourage vomiting
what was syphilis and what chemical cure was used to treat it
it was a sexually transmitted disease that spread quicky through stews so henry VIII closed them down. mercury was used to treat it an people changed there clothes regularly
who was Thomas Sydenham
he believed that each disease need to be individual identified because they each need a different cure . he believed in observing patients symptoms and treating the disease causing them. he showed the difference between scarlet and missiles . he discovered chinchona was used to treat malaria. but people still believed in outdated ideas therefore not that much progress
the royal society
in 1660 the royal society was set up. scientists would come together and discuss new ideas in science and medicine and challenge new ideas. the king was in support of this. they used new tech like microscopes and published there findings in printed books
the printing press impact
it was created by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440. It allowed ideas to spread further and quicker. the church no longer had full control of books and ideas within them
who was William Harvey
he was the personal doctor of king James I and king Charles I which gave in influence.
he proved that galens theory of the liver constantly making blood was wrong. he proved that blood traveled in one direction constantly by dissecting cold blooded animals (frogs) because their hearts beat slowly. he published his book “ an anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood in animals”- 1628. his work had little immediate impact.
who was Andreas Vesalius
he made great advances on the understanding of human anatomy by dissecting the bodies of executed criminal and proved some of galens ideas were wrong. he encouraged doctors to carry out dissections themselves. he published his book “fabric of the human body” in 1543 which and information and detailed drawings of the human anatomy. he influence people like william harvey. But his work had little impact but still progress
method of pervention that continued
cleanliness and regimen sanities
method of prevention that were new
the idea that weather conditions spread disease. thermometers were used to link the weather with outbreaks of disease
what changed for apothecaries and surgeons
they need more education
they need a license
more surgery’s were need because war was fought with new technology meaning new wounds
iatrochemistry introduced new ingredients for apothecaries
what changed for physicians
dissection was legalized and new topics were added to the curriculum. due to the printing press there were more medical text books with detailed drawings. Hippocrates focus of observation became more popular
what changed in hospitals
they had physicians to observe patients, apothecaries to mix medicine, provided a good diet, had their own pharmacies, people went with wounds and curable diseases.
THE DISSOLUTION OF THE MONASTRIES
henry VIII created the church of England and disbanded certain religious institutions while confiscating their land. this meant that few hospitals were able to stay open. the ones that could stay open had decreased in the amount of medical treatment they could give. some reopened without their religious sponsors
pest houses
hospitals that only specialize in one disease e.g plague/ pox houses
