History - Independence movement in India Flashcards
1
Q
When did Vasco De Gama arrive in India?
A
in 1498
2
Q
which nation carried out trade activities in India before the arrival of the Portuguese?
A
Arabs
3
Q
which nations tried to invade India?
A
The Portuguese, the Dutch, the English and the French
4
Q
what were the initial intentions of European nations in India?
A
- earning profits through trade
- spreading their religion
5
Q
what was the main intention of European nations after the eruption of conflicts between themselves?
A
spreading political power
6
Q
when Vasco de Gama arrived, apart from which state was there many independent kingdoms in India?
A
vijaya nagar state in the south
7
Q
name two kingdoms which were in the coastal parts of India at the time of Vasco De Gama’s arrival.
A
- calicut
- goa
8
Q
who was appointed as the Portuguese viceroy? In which year was he appointed?
A
Alfonzo de Alberquerque, 1509
9
Q
when did the Portuguese viceroy capture goa?
A
in 1510
10
Q
name an important feature about goa
A
it was the eastern center of the Portuguese
11
Q
what was the company that the Dutch established in 1602?
A
The Dutch east indian trade company (VOC)
12
Q
which countries were the Dutch and the English interested in before turning to India? Why were they interested in those countries?
A
Southeastern countries, because spices grew in abundance
13
Q
which Dutch national took steps to spread the Dutch power in Asia?
A
Pieterszoon Coen
14
Q
name four areas that were owned by the Dutch.
A
- gujarat
- bengal
- bihar
- orissa
15
Q
in which century did the English arrive in Asia?
A
in the early part of the 17th century
16
Q
where and when did the English establish their warehouse?
A
Surat, 1613
17
Q
from which emperor did the English get permission from to establish their warehouse?
A
King Jahangir
18
Q
who was the mogul king when the Europeans started to spread their power in India?
A
King Jahangir
19
Q
Name 3 areas that were owned by the English.
A
- agra
- madras
- ahmadabad
20
Q
explain how the English obtained power in Bombay
A
when king Charles II married Princess Catherine of Portuguese, the Portuguese gifted the English the area of Bombay as a dowry
21
Q
when did the French establish the Eastern French company?
A
in 1664
22
Q
when and where did the French establish their warehouse?
A
Surat, 1668
23
Q
name three areas the French build their fortresses in.
A
- Pondicherry
- Karaikal
- Chandranagar
24
Q
who laid the foundation for the Mogul empire
A
a ruler named Babur
25
in which year was the foundation laid for the Mogul empire?
1526
26
name the kings who ruled the Mogul empire in order.
- Babur
- Akbar the great
- Jahangir
- Sha Jahan
- Aurangzeb
27
which emperor constructed Taj Mahal?
King Sha Jahan
28
when did the Mogul emperor Aurangzeb pass away?
1707
29
after which incident did the battles between the English and the French end?
after the English captured Pondicherry
30
from where did the establishment of power by the English in inland parts of India begin?
Bengal
31
name two strategic policies the English used to spread their power in India.
- subsidiary agreement strategy
| - bona vacantia theory
32
describe the subsidiary agreement strategy.
The British East India Company entered into agreements with native leaders who were engaged in internal disputes or who were faced with threats from enemies outside to deploy armies for the security of those kingdoms. If the leaders fail to pay charges imposed on their service, a part of those kingdoms had to be given to the English.
33
name the areas the English were able to capture through the subsidiary agreement strategy.
hydrabad, mysore
34
describe the bona vacantia theory.
the kingdoms of which there was no rightful heir to the throne from the royal lineage after the death of the king were considered to the owned by the British East India company.
35
name the areas the English were able to capture using the bona vacantia strategy.
Jaipur, Nagpur
36
what was called the Sepoy army?
The Indians who were enlisted in the army under the English
37
how many rebellions erupted during the period from 1763 to 1856?
25
38
in which year did the sepoy rebellion begin?
in 1857
39
why was the sepoy rebellion considered to be a landmark event in the history of the independence movement of India?
Because it stimulated feelings of independence in the minds of the Indians
40
name 3 factors that caused the eruption of the Sepoy rebellion.
- The strong dissension that Indians had against the policy that the English had adopted in capturing areas in India
- The disappointment felt by Sepoy soldiers towards the English
- The Patronage given by the English government to spread Christianity neglecting the rituals and beliefs of the native people
41
what is the main cause of the eruption of the Sepoy rebellion?
a rumor that stated the English had applied lard and beef tallow on cartridges made for Enfield rifles which the sepoy soldiers had to break open with their teeth. This strongly upset the soldiers because the Hindus considered the cow to be a sacred animal and the Muslims believed that the pig was an unclean animal
42
on which day did the sepoy soldiers launch the rebellion?
10th May 1857
43
which city did the sepoy soldiers capture during their rebellion?
Delhi
44
who did the sepoy rebels declare as their king?
Bahadur Shah
45
when did the English regain their control over north India?
July 1858
46
name three reasons for the failure of the sepoy rebellion
- not having a central leadership
- lack of weaponry to resist the attacks of the English army
- lack of a general plan or a future plan for the rebels
47
name 3 impacts of the sepoy rebellion
- The rule of India being handed over from the British East India Company to the British government
- Granting religious freedom to Indians
- Britain agreeing not to capture areas in India any further
48
who is Ram Mohan Roy?
a scholar who laid the foundation for a religious revival from the beginning fo the 19th century
49
who is considered to be the pioneer of the Hindu revival movement in India?
Ram Mohan Roy
50
name the organization established by Ram Mohan Roy.
Brahmo samaj
51
what was the purpose of Brahmo samaj?
paving the way for a religious and cultural revival among the Hindus
52
name three organizations that helped the Hindu revival movement in India.
- brahmo samaj
- prarthana samaj
- arya samaj
53
which organizations helped the cultural movement of the Muslims?
- ahmadiyya movement
| - aligarh movement
54
which organization helped the cultural movement of the Sikhs?
Singh sabha
55
which sepoy soldier shot an English military officer?
Mangal Pandey`
56
name three factors that stimulated patriotic feelings among Indians.
- Looking down on Indians by the English
- India getting politically united under the rule of the British and evoking the feeling of unity among the Indians
- the educated middle class in India taking steps to stimulate patriotic feelings in the minds of people using organizations and mass media
57
who was the founder of the Indian National Association?
Alllan Octavian Hume
58
who was allan octavian hume?
a retired officer of the civil service of India
59
why did the English government support the forming of the Indian National Association?
because they thought that if all the scholars in India were brought together into one association, the government could easily learn the opinion of those scholars.
60
when and was the Indian National Association formed?
Bombay, December 1885
61
who was appointed as the first president of the Indian National Association?
W.C. Banerji
62
what is W.C. Banerji's nationality?
Bengali
63
what was the key organization which led the political protests in India?
the Indian National Association
64
how did the Indian National Association function?
disregarding all ethnic, religious, and caste differences
65
name three main objectives of the Indian National Association.
- promoting solidarity and cooperation among all Indians
- taking measures to collect views and proposals that the educated Indians possessed
- working towards stimulating patriotic feelings in all Indians irrespective of their caste, creed, and ethnicity
66
who were called moderates of the Indian National Association?
educated representatives of the association
67
who was the second president of the Indian National Association?
dadabhai naoroji
68
name three examples of moderates in the Indian National Association
- w.c. banerji
- dadabhai naoroji
- surendranath banerjee
69
during which period did the Indian National Association function under moderates?
during the period from 1885 to 1905
70
name three requests that the Indian National Association submitted to the English government.
- broadening the legislative council and increasing its powers
- reducing government expenditure on war-related activities
- giving the opportunity or Indians to represent the executive council
71
who were called the extremists of the Indian National Association?
a group of youths who rejected the policies of the moderates. they acted aggressively against the government to get their demands fulfilled.
72
name three people who led the extremist groups
- lal lajpat rai
- bal ganghadar tilak
- bipin chandra pal
73
what was called the swadeshi movement?
the campaign in which people boycotted using goods produced in Britain and promoted using Indian products
74
where did the swadeshi movement start?
Bengal
75
what did the swadeshi movement interested in developing apart from promoting using products made in India?
local industries
76
write two examples of reforms by the English during the implementation of the independence movement.
Morley-Minto reforms - 1909
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms - 1919
77
what was the key objective of the Indian National Association by the year 1920?
to self-rule
78
what is meant by self-rule?
a system government in which a country is ruled by themselves while the country still remains under an empire
79
write two examples of Indian leaders who promoted self-rule
bal ganghadar tilak
| annie besant
80
when was the Rowlatt act introduced?
in 1919
81
what is known as the rowlatt act?
the act which grants the government the power to imprison any person for a period of up to two years without trial at a court of law.
82
which campaign was launched against the rowlatt act?
satyagraha campaign
83
what is meant by satyagraha?
making the opponent understand the reality by showing the power of truth.
84
when did the army shott a gathering of Indians at the town of Jallianwala Bagh?
April 1919
85
what is called the jallianwala bagh tragedy?
the shooting that happened at jallianwala bagh which killed about 400 Indians and injured many more
86
when did the Indian National Association make arrangements to launch a non-cooperation movement?
december 1920
87
what is meant by a non-cooperation movement?
a movement to stop extending their cooperation to the government
88
name three measures implemented by the Indian National Association after 1920
- launching the non-cooperation movement
- organizing a civil disobedience campaign against the government
- by 1942, launching a satyagraha campaign with the slogan 'englishmen, quit India'
89
who was the leader of the independence movement in India?
Mahatma Gandhi
90
in which period was the Indian National Association most active?
in the period from 1920 to 1947
91
when was the Muslim League (All India Muslim Association) formed?
in 1906
92
under whose leadership was the Muslim League formed?
Aga Khan
93
why was the Muslim League formed?
to organize the Muslims separately in order to win their rights
94
what was the strategy the British used mostly to intimidate Indians?
to arrest people and imprison them
95
which leader of the non-cooperative campaign was arrested in 1921?
C.R. Das
96
when was Bengal partitioned?
in 1905
97
why was Bengal partitioned?
to make administration easier because it was the largest province in India
98
who said "self-rule is my heritage by birth, and I will achieve it."
Bal Ganghadar Tilak
99
who turned the freedom struggle of India into a non-violent movement?
Mahatma Gandhi
100
When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India?
in 1915
101
in which country did mahatma gandhi serve as a lawyer?
in South Africa
102
what is known as the Champaran peasant movement?
the struggle mahatma gandhi carried out to solve the problems of the farmers who cultivated indigo in the District of Champaran
103
what is the kheda movement?
the struggle mahatma gandhi carried out to provide relief to the people who had been unable to pay taxes due to the spread of epidemics and the prolonged drought in Kheda in Gujarat
104
what is the salt march (dandi march)?
a movement launched under the leadership of mahatma gandhi against the imposition of very high taxes on salt by the government although salt was produced at a very low cost in India
105
when was the salt march launched?
in 1930
106
what was the route of the salt march?
from sabarmati ashram to dandi beach (about 400 miles)
107
what was the agreement regarding the imposition of tax on salt that was entered into between mahatma gandhi and the viceroy of India?
Gandhi-Irwin pact of 1931
