History In Cartography

Question 1

600 BC Babylonian WorldMap

Whats unique about it?

Answer 1

Oldest Map - Persians and Egyptians missing despite they knew they existed.

Question 2

Early Assumption in Cartography?

Answer 2

Earth was flat, believed by early greeks.

Question 3

Emergence of Theory of Round World

Which Greek Scientists?

Answer 3

• Aristotle - ships on horizon
• Erathostenes - calculated circumference
• Ptolemys Geographica - started projections

Question 4

During Roman Era, what did maps focus on?

Answer 4

Maps focused on administration/conquest and focused more on surveying than cartography.

Question 5

What followed the Roman Collapse?

Answer 5

Dark Ages - science was taken control of by the church. All science was made to fit doctrine.

Question 6

Idrisi World Map
When was it created?
What made it unique?

Answer 6

Created in 12th Century

• South at top
• Showed climate zones

Question 7

12th Century T in 0 Maps

What are they?

Answer 7

Maps that were really a graphic rather than a map, usually representing religious information on Christ (doctrine)

Question 8

Ebstorf Mappa Mundi

Answer 8

• world circular frame
• dominated by heads, hands, feet of Christ
• design at center depicts resurrection in Jerusalem

Question 9

China in 5th Century

China in 11th Century

Answer 9

5th Century - China started gathering inventories of their territories (soil inventories, growth potential, water ways, transport ways)
11th Century - has well developed topographic series with grid.

Question 10

Importance of Chinese Figure “Pei Hsiu”

Answer 10

Defined mapping principles based on scale and a grid

Question 11

Map of China and Track of YU (1137)

What’s its importance?

Answer 11

• has grid with scale of 100 Li (Chinese mile)
• shows rivers and cities
• created 100s of years before Europeans

Question 12

When does the East meet West in terms of information exchange?

Answer 12

Start of 13th Century

Question 13

In Western World when does it break dominance of the church over science and what does that lead too?

Answer 13

13th Century - Leads to the emergence of charts - Portolan Charts with navigational compass, colour coded.

Question 14

Age of Discovery (start of colonialism)

- where is the main focus in general?

Answer 14

• focus on knowledge and understanding

- growth in exploration, and discovery accompanied by a number of dramatic developments

Question 15

When did the first major Cartography revolution occur and why?

Answer 15

Around 15th Century (1450) - creation of Printing Techniques and Engraving

Question 16

Major events from 15th Century

Answer 16

Graticule and Map Projections

• Age of Splendid Mapping
• emergence of great Atlases

Question 17

When was Mercator Atlas established?

Answer 17

16th Centrury

Question 18

When was Atlas major and Grand Atlas established?

Answer 18

17 Century, Atlas Major (1664 - 1662) Grand Atlas (1662)

Question 19

When was the first shape of earth measured? and by what country?

Answer 19

French initiate metric measure in 18th Century

Question 20

When was the rise in Thematic Mapping?

What caused its rise?

Answer 20

Latter part in 19th Century
Followed the increase in focus on sub-disciplinary studies (social sciences).
- they required thematic maps to communicate findings.

Question 21

Modern Cartography - 19th century

What big revolution occurred?

Answer 21

Photo-chemical revolution

- revolutionized data capture and advances in production, reproduction and printing.

Question 22

Modern Cartography - 20th Century

What big revolution occurred?

Answer 22

Electronic Revolution
- Aerial photography, remote sensing, GIS, GPS
all had major effect on Cartography

Question 23

Explain the contemporary Paradigm Shift

Answer 23

From representation to Visualization

Going from looking at a map as an end product to viewing the map as a stage in process.