History -- Henry

Question 1

When did Henry VIII become King?

Answer 1

1509

Question 2

When was Thomas Wolsey Chief Minister?

Answer 2

1515-29

Question 3

What career did Thomas Wolsey pursue to end up as Henry’s Chief Minister?

Answer 3

He obtained a religious degree at Oxford and joined the Church, becoming Royal Almoner in 1509

Question 4

When was the Treaty of London?

Answer 4

1518

Question 5

When was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

Answer 5

1520

Question 6

When was the Amicable Grant?

Answer 6

1525

Question 7

What was the Treaty of London?

Answer 7

A treaty signed between the most powerful European leaders to defend the Pope from the Ottomans.

Question 8

What was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

Answer 8

An expensive meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I where both Kings displayed their wealth and power.

Question 9

What was the Amicable Grant?

Answer 9

A tax which Wolsey tried to raise for a war with France; people refused to pay it, with the Amicable Grant Rising.

Question 10

Why did the Pope refuse to give Henry an annulment?

Answer 10

• The previous Pope had given Henry a dispensation to marry Catherine
• Charles V, Catherine of Aragon’s nephew, had control of the Pope
• Catherine of Aragon had won sympathy by showing she was a loyal wife and good Catholic

Question 11

What were the main features of a Renaissance Prince?

Answer 11

Winning land through wars, being wealthy, and being strong and good-looking.

Question 12

When were the Eltham Ordinances?

Answer 12

1526

Question 13

What were the Eltham Ordinances?

Answer 13

Laws passed which removed some powerful nobles from the Privy Court, giving more power to ex-commoners such as Wolsey.

Question 14

When did Wolsey die?

Answer 14

1530

Question 15

When was Cromwell Chief Minister?

Answer 15

1533-1540

Question 16

Why did Cromwell rise to power?

Answer 16

• He had proven himself intelligent and loyal as Wolsey’s lawyer
• He impressed Henry with his persuasive opinions
• He came up with a solution to Henry’s ‘Great Matter’

Question 17

When was Cromwell appointed to the Royal Council?

Answer 17

1531

Question 18

How did Protestantism differ from Catholicism?

Answer 18

The Bible should be in vernacular, churches should be plainly decorated, and Saints and monasteries were unnecessary

Question 19

When was the Act of Supremacy?

Answer 19

1534

Question 20

What did the Act of Supremacy do?

Answer 20

Made Henry Supreme Head of the Church of England, forcing people to swear an oath that this was the case

Question 21

When was the Royal Injunctions to the Clergy?

Answer 21

1538

Question 22

What did the Royal Injunctions to the Clergy do?

Answer 22

Put an English Bible in every church and removed statues, icons etc.

Question 23

When was the Act for the Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries?

Answer 23

1536

Question 24

What did the Act for Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries do?

Answer 24

Closed all monasteries with an income under £200 per annum as they were considered sinful places

Question 25

When was the Act for Dissolution of Greater Monasteries?

Answer 25

1539

Question 26

What did the Act for Dissolution of Greater Monasteries do?

Answer 26

Closed all monasteries in England

Question 27

When was the Act of Six Articles?

Answer 27

1539

Question 28

What did the Act of Six Articles do?

Answer 28

Reversed some of the previous Protestant changes made

Question 29

When was Anne Boleyn executed?

Answer 29

1536

Question 30

Who was Thomas More?

Answer 30

A close friend of Henry’s - he refused to take the Oath of Succession and was executed in 1535

Question 31

Who was Bishop John Fisher?

Answer 31

A well respected priest who spoke out against the annulment and refused to swear the Oath of Succession - executed in 1535

Question 32

When was the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 32

1536

Question 33

What happened in the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 33

40,000 people in the North took over several cities in response to the Act for Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries, and were crushed by the Duke of Norfolk. The Pilgrimage was in part responsible for the Act of Six Articles in 1539

Question 34

Why was the Royal Council originally disorganised?

Answer 34

• It had too many members
• Many members failed to attend regularly
• Discussions were not recorded
• Discussions were often dominated by one person

Question 35

What did Cromwell replace the Royal Council with?

Answer 35

The Privy Council - around 20 members, who were more likely to be lawyers then nobles
- Discussions were recorded

Question 36

How many departments/courts did Cromwell split the King’s Chamber into?

Answer 36

6, 4 which processed traditional sources of income, as well as the Court of Augmentations and the Court of First Fruits and Tenths

Question 37

What did the Court of Augmentations do?

Answer 37

It dealt with income from the Dissolution of the Monasteries

Question 38

What did the Court of First Fruits and Tenths do?

Answer 38

It dealt with taxes the clergy once paid to the Pope

Question 39

When was the Act of Union?

Answer 39

1536

Question 40

What did the Act of Union do?

Answer 40

It made Wales officially part of England
- English was declared the official language in Wales
- Welsh law was replaced by English law
- Wales was divided into counties with MPs
- Justices of the Peace were appointed to keep law and order

Question 41

Why did Cromwell make Parliament a partner in government?

Answer 41

So that he could claim mistakes were made by Parliament, not the King

Question 42

Who originally sat in Parliament?

Answer 42

The wealthiest and most powerful people in England:
- Nobles and bishops in the House of Lords
- Gentry and merchants in the House of Commons

Question 43

What was Parliament’s main original role?

Answer 43

Raising taxes when asked to do so by the King

Question 44

How did Cromwell control the decisions made in Parliament?

Answer 44

He controlled who was elected to the House of Commons and what was debated, through flattery, bribery and threats.