History Final 3 Flashcards
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Allies
France, Britain, Russia, and later the United States during WW1.
A coalition of nations fighting against the Central Powers during WW1 from 1914 to 1918, mostly in Europe.
The Allies’ victory marked the end of WW1 and led to the restructuring of Europe with the Treaty of Versailles, shaping the geopolitical landscape for decades to come.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and later Bulgaria during WW1.
Fought against the Allies during WW1 from 1914 to 1918, mainly in Europe and the Middle East.
Their defeat in WW1 led to the collapse of empires (Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman) and significant territorial changes in Europe.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Espionage Act
Passed by the US Congress. Legislation that aimed to prevent interference with military operations or recruitment and prevent support of US enemies during wartime. It was enacted in 1917 during WW1 in the US.
It significantly curtailed freedom of speech during wartime and set precedents for government surveillance and control during periods of national security crises.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Total War
Concept applied to all nations engaged in warfare. Strategy in which all resources, including civilians and infrastructure, are mobilized for the war effort. Seen in conflicts such as WW1 with any nation involved in a major conflict.
Marked a shift in warfare, where entire societies were involved in the conflict, leading to unprecedented destruction and casualties.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Triple Alliance
Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Defensive agreement to support each other in the event of attack by other great powers, established in Europe in 1882, dissolving during WW1.
Contributed to the complex system of alliances that preceded WW1 and shaped its outbreak.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Triple Entente
Alliance between France, Russia, and Britain. Defensive agreement to counterbalance the Triple Alliance. Formed in Europe, during the late 19th and Early 10th centuries, leading up to WW1.
Created a powerful coalition against the Central Powers during WW1.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Women’s Land Army
Consisted of women in various countries, particularly during wartime. Organization that mobilized women to work in agriculture to replace men who had gone to fight in the war. Established during both WW1 and WW2 in countries such as the US and Britain.
It challenged traditional gender roles and contributed significantly to the war effort by ensuring food production and sustaining economies during wartime.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Zimmerman Telegram
Sent by Germany’s Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmerman. Secret diplomatic communication proposing a military alliance between Germany and Mexico against the United States during WW1 sent in 1917, intercepted and decoded by Britain.
Its exposure outraged public opinion in the US and was a significant factor in the US decision to enter WW1 on the side of the Allies.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Fascism
Ideology associated with Benito Mussolini in Italy and later with Adolf Hitler in Germany. Authoritarian and nationalist political ideology characterized by dictatorial power and extreme nationalism. It emerged in the early 20th century, notably in Italy and Germany.
Fascist regimes led to significant political repression, militarization, and eventually WW2
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Gold Standard
Used by various countries as a monetary system. System where the value of a country’s currency is directly linked to a specific quantity of gold. Commonly used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and implemented by countries world wide such as Britain.
Provided stability to international currencies but was abandoned by most countries during the Great Depression.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Negotiated by the US and France, but signed in many nations. Treaty renouncing war as an instrument of national policy, signed in Paris, France in 1928.
Although ultimately ineffective in preventing war, it reflected growing international sentiment against aggressive militarism and laid groundwork for future peace efforts.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
League of Nations
International organization established after WW1. Aimed to promote peace and cooperation among nations and prevent future conflicts. Founded in 1920 in Switzerland.
It was a precursor to the United Nations and represented the first attempt at creating a global organization for maintaining peace and resolving international disputes
Who, What, When, Where, Why
New Deal
Implemented by U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt. A series of programs and reforms to combat the Great Depression and reform the U.S. economy, implemented during the 1930s.
It marked a significant expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy and social welfare, shaping American politics and society for decades/
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Suffragist
Activists advocating for women’s right to vote. Campaign for women’s suffrage throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s initially in Western countries and later worldwide.
Their efforts led to the eventual granting of voting rights to women in many countries, marking a significant milestone in the fight for gender equality.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Treaty of Versailles
Signed by the Allied powers and Germany. Peace treaty that ended WW1 signed in 1919 in France.
Imposed heavy reparations on Germany, redrew European borders, and established the League of Nations, but also sowed the seeds for future conflicts, particularly in WW1
