Exam 2 Flashcards
Black Legend
Who: Countries like Great Britain promoted the Black Legend. The Black Legend is a term used to describe the negative portrayal of Spain and its empire, particularly during the Age of Exploration and colonization of the Americas.
What: The Black Legend encompasses stereotypes and criticisms depicting Spain as cruel, exploitative, and intolerant in its treatment of indigenous peoples and other subjects.
When: The Black Legend emerged around 1588 CE or the late 16th century CE.
Where: The Black Legend originated in Europe or more specifically Great Britain.
Why: The Black Legend was significant because it served various purposes, such as justifying rival colonial ambitions, impacting Spain’s reputation, and promoting Protestant and Anglo-Dutch interests.
Bourgeoisie
Who: Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford were a part of the bourgeoisie.
What: The bourgeoisie refers to the capitalist class or middle class that composed people who owned and controlled capital, property, and means of production.
When: The bourgeoisie emerged during the late 14th century CE due to the Black Death, which was around 1350 CE.
Where: The bourgeoisie developed in Europe (Italy, Great Britain) due to the Black Death.
Why: The bourgeoisie was significant because it played a central role in the rise of capitalism, economic development, and social transformation, challenging traditional hierarchies and aristocratic privilege.
British Raj
What: The British Raj refers to British rule and administration in India.
When: The British Raj began in 1858 CE or the 19th century CE.
Where: The British Raj was centered in India/South Asia.
Why: The British Raj was significant because it had lasting impacts on India’s geopolitical and cultural landscape due to economic exploitation.
Capitalism
Who: The United States is an example of a capitalistic society. Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, market competition, profit motive, and free enterprise.
What: Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, market competition, profit motive, and free enterprise.
When: Capitalism emerged in Europe during the 18th century CE or to be more specific around 1764 CE and on.
Where: Capitalism developed in European countries like Great Britain and it developed in the United States as well.
Why: Capitalism is significant because it serves as an economic system that promotes economic freedom, entrepreneurship, and innovation. It has had profound effects on human civilization, driving industrialization, and globalization.
Significance: Capitalism has had profound effects on human civilization, driving industrialization, technological advancements, urbanization, and globalization.
Monroe Doctrine
Who: President James Monroe introduced the Monroe Doctrine.
What: The Monroe Doctrine said that further colonization or interference by European powers in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression against the United States.
Where: The Monroe Doctrine originated in the United States
When: 1823 CE or 19th century CE.
Why: The Monroe Doctrine was significant because it helped shape the geopolitical landscape of the Americas by helping to contribute to the establishment of the United States as a dominant power in the Western Hemisphere and influenced the development of international relations.
Economic Imperialism
Who: Great Britain is an example of a country that contributed to economic imperialism. Economic imperialism refers to the economic domination, exploitation, or control of one country or region by another through economic means, such as trade, investment, or resource extraction.
What: Economic imperialism involves imposing economic influence and policies to benefit the imperial power at the expense of the dominated territory.
When: Economic imperialism has occurred throughout history, particularly during periods of colonialism, imperialism, and globalization. Mainly throughout the 16th century CE and 17th century CE. Great Britain took over India and assimilated their influence in 1858 CE.
Where: Economic imperialism has affected regions like India/South Asia (Great Britain).
Why: Economic imperialism is significant because it has far-read Ching consequences for the economies, societies, and cultures of bot the imperial power and the dominated territories. Influential in shaping the geopolitical landscape of both the imperial power and the dominated territories.
Indirect Rule
Who: Great Britain used indirect rule.
What: Indirect rule is a system of governance where a colonial power governs through local rulers or institutions while retaining ultimate control.
When: Indirect rule was commonly practiced by European colonial powers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries or to give a more specific date one can say it dates back to 1912 CE when Great Britain establishes a system of native administration in Nigeria.
Where: Indirect rule was implemented in British colonial territories in Africa like Nigeria and parts of Asia.
Why: Indirect rule was significant because it played a major role in governance and the geopolitical landscape of the dominated territories.
Industrial Revolution
Who: Great Britain and the United States had an industrilal Revolution. The Industrial Revolution refers to the transition from agrarian and handicraft-based economies to industrial economies characterized by mechanized production, technological innovation, and urbanization.
What: The Industrial Revolution refers to the transition from an agricultural society to advancements in manufacturing, technology, and transportation.
When: The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century but to be more specific, it dates back to 1769 CE so 1770s CE.
Where: The Industrial Revolution originated in Great Britain and spread all across Europe and to North America.
Why: The Industrial Revolution was significant because it forward the economy of many societies through advancements in technology, manufacturing, and transportation, which was influential in shaping the geopolitical landscapes of societies that underwent an Industrial Revolution.
Laissez-Faire Economics
Who: Great Britain and United States used laissez-faire economics. is an economic philosophy advocating for minimal government intervention in economic affairs, and the promotion of free markets and individual economic freedom.
What: Laissez-Faire Economics is an economic philosophy advocating for minimal government intervention in economic affairs, and the promotion of free markers and. individual economic freedom.
When: Laissez-faire economics gained prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries. To be more specific, it started gaining popularity around 1776 CE.
Where: Laissez-faire economics has been influential in various countries and regions, particularly in Great Britain/Europe and the United States/North America.
Why: Laissez-faire economics is significant because it has shaped economic policies, debates, and ideologies, influencing government policies, regulatory frameworks, and socioeconomic outcomes.
Socialism
Who: Karl Marx is a prominent figure in the development of socialism. Socialism is a socio-economic and political ideology advocating for collective or government ownership and control of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
What: Socialism is an economic theory and political ideology that advocates for collective or government ownership and control of the means of production. It also aims to eliminate private property, class distinctions, and economic inequalities.
When: Karl Marx was a prominent figure in the development of socialism, so one could say that when the “Communist Manifesto” was published in 1848 CE that this was a pivotal year for the development of socialism or one could say the 19th century CE.
Where: Socialism developed in Europe in places like Great Britain, France, and Germany.
Why: Socialism is significant because it seeks to promote social justice, equality, and solidarity by redistributing wealth, resources, and opportunities among the people, influencing the economic landscape of a society.
Congress of Vienna
Who: The Congress of Vienna was a conference of representatives of European powers like Klemens from Austria.
What: The Congress of Vienna’s purpose was to redraw the political map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
When: The Congress of Vienna dates back to 1814 CE or 19th century CE.
Where: The Congress of Vienna was held in Vienna, Austria, which is in Europe.
Why: The Congress of Vienna was significant because it was held to establish a new balance of power in Europe and to prevent future large-scale conflicts.
Conservatism
Who: Klemens von Metternich was a conservative/belived in conservatism.
What: Conservatism is a political and social ideology that advocates for traditional values, institutions, and gradual societal change.
When: Conservatism as a formal ideology emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries CE, or to more specific was emerged through Edmund Burke in 1790 CE.
Where: Conservatism emerged in Europe in places like Austria or Great Britain.
Why: Conservatism was significant because it seeks to preserve societal stability, order, and established norms, which influences the geopolitical landscape of societies.
General Will
Who: The concept of the general will was developed by the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
What: General will refers to the collective will or common good of a society.
When: Rousseau introduced the concept in his work “The Social Contract,” published in 1762 CE.
Where: The concept originated in Europe (France to more exact) during the Enlightenment era.
Why: General will is significant because it has been influential in political thought, contributing to ideas about democracy and sovereignty.
Liberalism
Who: John Locke is often considered one of the founding fathers of Liberalism.
What: Liberalism is a political and social ideology emphasizing individual liberty, equality, and the rule of law.
When: Liberalism emerged in the Enlightenment era of the 17th century CE or to be more exact in 1689 CE.
Where: Liberalism orientated in Europe (Western Europe/Great Britain) and was very prominent in North America.
Why: Liberalism is significant because it seeks to safeguard individual rights, promote tolerance, and foster social progress, which is influential in shaping the geopolitical landscape of societies.
Natural Rights
Who: John Locke came up the concept of natural rights.
What: Natural rights are fundamental rights that all human beings are born with like life, liberty, and property.
When: The concept of natural rights emerged during 1689 CE.
Where: The concept of natural rights originates from Western Europe.
Why: Natural rights are significant because they serve as a foundation for moral and legal principles, asserting that individuals are born with rights that cannot be violated or infringed upon by governments.
