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History > History Exam S1 Revision > Flashcards

History Exam S1 Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did Marco Polo sail to?

A

Marco Polo left Italy to sail to the Chinese Empire when he was 17.

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2
Q

How long did Marco spend walking to China with his dad and uncle?

A

3 years!

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3
Q

How long did Marco Polo stay in China?

A

20 years.

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4
Q

What did Marco Polo return from China with?

A

He returned with a fortune of gemstones.

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4
Q

What did Marco Polo return from China with?

A

He returned with a fortune of gemstones.

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5
Q

How did Marco Polo inspire people to go travelling?

A

He wrote a book, “The travels of Marco Polo,” which spread across Europe.

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6
Q

What did Henry the Navigator do to challenge the superstitions about sailing?

A

He established a school of navigation in Portugal.

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7
Q

What did Henry do that was significant in disproving fears of no return from beyond the African shore?

A

He convinced a squire in charge of his ships to sail to the African shore and return with flowers. This inspired more people to go exploring.

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8
Q

Who decided to support Christopher Columbus on his journey?

A

The king and queen of Spain did.

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9
Q

What did Columbus want to do?

A

Columbus wanted to find a new trade route to the Far East (India, China, Japan and the Spice Islands)

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10
Q

What did Columbus take back with him from America?

A

Turkeys, tobacco, spices and some natives.

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11
Q

Why was Columbus arrested?

A

He had many of the natives attacked and killed and enslaved others to perform dangerous jobs.

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12
Q

What was Magellan’s goal?

A

To circumnavigate the globe.

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13
Q

How did Magellan die?

A

He was killed in a battle of the natives.

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14
Q

Why were sailors reluctant to go exploring?

A

The risks of bad wind.
They were afraid of it being too hot.
Fear of the unknown.
Superstitions, like monsters.

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15
Q

Why did people want to go exploring?

A

You could make a fortune in selling what you brought back.
They wanted an adventure away from their normal life
They wanted to be famous like Marco Polo

16
Q

What is a portolano?

A

A nautical chart, used for direction.

17
Q

What is a compass?

A

An instrumet with a magnetic needle that points towards North.

18
Q

What is an astrolabe?

A

An astrolabe is a wheel hung by a cord and has a pointer which was aimed at the sun or star.

19
Q

What is a cross-staff?

A

A cross used to line up the sun and the horizon at the same time. However, this could be quite difficult onboard a swaying ship.

20
Q

What is a quadrant?

A

A quadrant is a half-protractor, used to line up the sun or pole star along the edge of the quadrant and a weighted line hung down to provide a reading.

21
Q

What did they use to measure the speed of the ship?

A

They used knots, which were tying a rope to a piece of wood and seeing how long it took for the knots to pass through the sailor’s hands

22
Q

What was the most used ship for exploring?

A

Caravels

23
Q

What were caravels?

A

Caravels were small, fast ships that were easy to manoeuvre. They used lanteen sails and could take advantage of the wind no matter which way it blew.

24
Q

What was the one drawback of caravels?

A

They are small, therefore they can carry less crew.

25
Q

What was food like on ship?

A

The water was filled with scum and their only food was meat and biscuits that were attacked by pests.

26
Q

What was scurvy like?

A

Symptoms are bleeding gums, loss of weight and loosened teeth. If left untreated, the victim would die after many weeks.

27
Q

What were the dangers on-ship?

A

Falling from the deck or rigging and guts popping out from the muscle, which was caused by hauling the heavy sails.

28
Q

What were the punishments on-ship?

A

The captain whacked misbehaving sailors with a cane, flogged them with a cat o’ nine tails, or even ordered them to be hanged!

29
Q

What was keelhauling?

A

It is when the captain ties them by the legs to chains, and the rest of the crew throws him in the water and drags him under the ship and back up the other side.

30
Q

What did the sailors do for entertainment on ship?

A

They sang, danced and played musical instruments when they could. They also played games, told tales, fished or built things like model ships.

History (4 decks)

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