history exam Flashcards
Living conditions throughout the Industrial Revolution
Overcrowded, increase in disease, unhygienic conditions, increase in poverty, increase in crime
Working conditions in the Industrial Revolution
Worked long hours, little pay, unsafe working conditions, no protective clothing, no ventilation, bad lighting, young children working in these conditions
Conditions on transporting slaves to boat
They walked long distances in chains, neck irons, leg irons, punished, whipped, little food, couldn’t escape
Boat name
Middle Passage
Long term impacts of slavery
African nations lost over 15 million people to slavery
Led to decrease of money in economy
Many African nations were under foreign control
Not becoming independent for years
Led to racism
Impact of the arrival of Europeans on the first nations people
Loss of land, loss of food supply, loss of life through disease - smallpox, racism
TOPIC 2
Changing Rights and Freedom
When was the United Nations created and what was its aim?
1945 - its main aim was to maintain peace and security
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Agreement of how we should live - everyone has the right to 30 rules [points, articles]
Secondary sources
Newspaper, textbooks, interpretations
Human Rights
Right to marriage, privacy, education, move freely, safety, free speech, believe in religion
Protectionism
Protectionism refers to government policies that allowed indigenous people to be wards of the state [government can control and look after them]
Self determination
a person’s ability to make choices and manage their own life
Terra Nullius
land that is legally deemed to be unoccupied or uninhabited “nobody’s land” europeans deemed this as there was no buildings
Assimilation
the process of becoming similar to others by taking in and using their customs and culture e.g. “think white, act white, be white”
Integration
indigenous people were able to be themselves [culture, customs] in the “white” society
What are the dates for P.A.I.S.R.
Protectionism/paternalism - 1800-1950’s
Assimilation - 1950-1970
Integration - 1960-1970
Self determination - 1972
Reconciliation -1991 - present day
Day of Mourning info
January 26th 1938, as this is the day Europeans invaded the Indigenous peoples land. Protest by indigenous people to draw attention to the injustice of indigenous people. For example: removal of children, lack of education, not being treated equally.
How the protection boards control the lives of Aboriginal people?
Controlled who they married
Where they lived
Moved them out of the towns onto missions
Controlled everything that happened on the mission
Their employment
Assimilation impact on Indigenous peoples lives
Loss of culture
Loss of land
Loss of traditions
Loss of families
Loss of languages
Loss of dignity
Loss of freedom
Impact: depression, suicide, alcohol, made them feel inferior, angry
What are the stolen generations?
They were the children of aboriginals and Torres strait islanders families that were forcibly removed from their families. With some never reuniting with their families. The bringing them home report helped many reunite but not till many years later. ADD IMPACTS
Aim of Freedom Ride in Australia
The aim of freedom ride australia was to draw attention to differences in health, housing and education of indigenous people especially in rural NSW. They demanded for equal treatment
(Wilcannia, Taree, Dubbo, Walgett)
Who was responsible for the Freedom Ride?
Charles Perkins was an excellent soccer player, first indigenous man to attend Sydney uni, an activist.
What did the Freedom Ride achieve?
Helped public opinion for a ‘yes’ vote in the referendum. (this was to change the Constitution so Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders were counted in the population)
When was the government policy of integration introduced
1965/1967
What did the government policy of integration do for Indigenous people?
The government policy of integration gave indigenous people a voice and the right to openly celebrate their cultural traditions. Not only did it give them a voice but they were finally counted in the population.
What happened in the1966 Wave Hill Walk Off?
200 Gurindji stockmen, domestic workers and their families walked off Wave Hill station in the Northern Territory and refused to keep working for the station owners
why is the 1966 Wave Hill Walk Off significant?
The Wave Hill Walk-Off inspired national change in the form of equal wages for Aboriginal workers, as well as a new land rights act.
What happened in the 1967 Referendum?
On 27 May 1967, Australians voted to change the Constitution so all other Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples would be counted as part of the population and the Commonwealth would be able to make laws for them.
Why is the 1967 Referendum significant?
This empowered the national government to make laws in respect of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples that could assist in addressing inequalities.
What happened in the 1972 Tent Embassy?
On 26 January 1972 four Indigenous men set up a beach umbrella on the lawns opposite Parliament House in Canberra. Describing the umbrella as the Aboriginal Embassy, the men were protesting the government’s approach to Indigenous land rights.
Why is the 1972 Tent Embassy significant?
The Tent Embassy is a symbol of Aboriginal protest against successive governments and their approach to Indigenous issues. (the longest protest for indigenous land rights in the world)
What is the Native Title Act 1993?
Legislation passed by the Australian Parliament that recognises the rights and interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in land and waters according to their traditional laws and customs
Why is the Native Title Act 1993 signifiant?
It provides recognition and protection of native title
What is the Wik Decision 1996?
In The Wik Peoples v The State of Queensland in the High Court held that native title rights could coexist on land held by pastoral leaseholders.
