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History Exam Flashcards

1
Q
  • a term used to describe 1932-1933
  • a period of time were 1/4 of the bolshevik party members were framed and excuted
  • sent the public into horror
A

The Party Purges

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2
Q
  • In mid 1936 Yezhov becomes head of NKVD
  • Stalin drew up a list of 250,000 to be arrested, with 28% shot
  • Went out of control arresting 7 million and killing 1 million
  • Stalin scapegoated him and replaced with Beria
A

Yezhovchina

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3
Q
  • Public trials of leading enemies of the state, proceedings were filmed so as to be used as propaganda.
  • Stalin aimed to eliminating the old, important bolsheviks so Stalin could remove his competiton
  • Removed big threats such as Trotsky and Kirov to solidfy his power
A

Show trials

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4
Q

The agreement to split Poland equally along with an alliance between the two countries, 23rd aug 1939

A

Nazi Soviet Pact

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5
Q

-German broke the trust of the Nazi-soviet pact and invaded Russia on the 22nd of June 1941

  • Russia lost 60% of iron, steel and Livestock along with 40% of usable railway and grain through German offensive
A

Operation Barbarossa

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6
Q

NEP

A
  • It ended grain requisitioning, replacing it with a fixed tax to be paid in kind,
  • Allowed private ownership of small businesses, the return of private trades making goods flow easier
  • not very communist
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7
Q

Trotsky theroied that as Industry increases agriculture will drop, became reality in 1928 with Stalin forced to introduce collectivastion in fyp

A

Scissors Crisis

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8
Q

for the development of the national economy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consisted of a series of nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union

A

5 Year Plan

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9
Q

After supported USA during the GD, Usa lent America $11 billion during WW2

A

Lend-Lease

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10
Q
  • final attempt for German assualt
  • attempted a ‘ suprise attack on soviets surronding them, coming from north and south
  • only managed to move 10 miles into salient as antitnak and minefeild stopped Germans
  • Soviet counter attack ended the war
A

Battle of Kursk

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11
Q

Framed Trotsky as disrespectful as didn’t show up to funeral

Framed himself as close to Lenin and Hier to the throne

Didn’t let Lenin’s letter out after death

A

Reasons for Stalin’s rise

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12
Q

War communism

A

Economic policies during the civil war in response to the ideological and pragmatic demands of consolidating power

nationalised banks,railroads and industry

Grain requestioning

currrency allowed for foreign trade

was a success as allowed army to operate effectivly

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13
Q
  • An uproar against from sailors and soviet civilians against bolsheviks due to war communism becoming obsiete
  • Lenin changed to NEP after battle
A

Kronstadt rebellion,

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14
Q

Came after Kerensky in 1917 because he had control of the army, leading Kerensky to let the Bolsheviks free to fight for him, keeping him in power until Oct rev

A

Kornilov

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15
Q

A Russian assembly with advisory and legislative functions. The first two called by the tsar were unacceptable but the 3rd and fourth were passed.

A

The Dumas

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16
Q

Place in Russia, had the bloodiest battle from Aug 1942- Feb 1943
-won for USSR by ‘Zukhov offensive’ strategy of surrounding the Germans in Stalingrad
- Russia faced 2.2 million deaths however cam out victourious

A

Stalingrad

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17
Q

for the development of the national economy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consisted of a series of nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union

A

5 year plan

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18
Q

Higher prestige farmers, went extinct in kulakisation

A

Kulaks

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19
Q

Opposition to Stalin as an upcoming front runner to be future leader of the Bolshevik party , was assasinated in 1934

A

Kirov

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20
Q

Soviet International organization established by Lenin that advocated world communism, many countries joined

A

Comintern

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21
Q

-Axis invaded attack from 1941-1944, ending with Germany being pushed back east after 900 days
- cities perimeter was fortified with 200,000 antitanks and millions of men as defense, leading to victory

A

Seige of Leningrad

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22
Q

A failed revolution initiated by the people, which became Bolshevik led against the provisional govt seeing Trotsky locked up and Lenin fleeing the country

A

July days

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23
Q

Lenin-Quote

A

” A lie told often enough becomes a truth”

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24
Q

Trotsky- Quote

A

” without Lenin the revolution never would have succeeded

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25
Q

Stalin-Quote

A

” the death of one man is a tragedy, a million is a statistic”

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26
Q

-heavy industry developed, tech advancements and infrastructure but agricultural decline
-Coal and iron doubled in output
- ‘acheving’ unrealistic goals set with ‘400% increase in industry’
- fabricated numbers to motivate workers

A

first five year plan

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27
Q

-Industrial and infrastructure continued to grow, growth in education and youth.
- Labour was exploited and agriculture still a problem
- new industries such as chemicals and metallurgy grew alot

A

second five year plan

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28
Q
  • only lasted three years due to WW2
    -focus went to armaments,when war began
  • military and urban developed however faced economic + war distribution challenges and agricultural issues
A

third five yr plan

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29
Q

surpassed religon
propaganda against religon promoting atheism

A

clergy’s

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30
Q

initially got land after Lenin introduced communism
forced to lose it and later join collective farms
conform to poor living conditions

A

peasants

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31
Q
  • controlled through propaganda
  • improved working conditions and bad turned alright wages
A

factory workers

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32
Q
  • Repression and Persecution/ counter- revolutionists
  • Loss of Property and Privilege
    -Social Displacement
A

bourgeoise

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33
Q
  • freedom of speech, assembly and religon however limited
A

1936 consitiuiton

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34
Q

Collectivisation

A
  • state controlled collective farms
  • an attmept to increase agriculture as had been struggling in USSR/ food crisis
    -famine and kulakisation
  • grain requisitioning
  • most farms in ukraine
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35
Q
  • used to USSR favour
  • was a propaganda feast for Communism
  • communism improved living standards while capitalism struggled
A

Great Depression

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36
Q
  • removed Russia from ww1
  • lost railway + farmland roughly 25%
  • lost 74% of coal and iron ore
A

Treaty of Brest-Litvosk

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37
Q
  • introduced in 1917
  • set in stone a minimum wage
  • workers selected as managers
A

workers decree

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38
Q

people were feed leading to it
around 7 million died

A

1932-1934 famine

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39
Q

-50% of soviet population lost
- high rise of propaganda + Russian orthodox church reopened
- some of ussr members even supported Ger
- social realism intorduced.

A

1941

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40
Q
  • ministerial leapfrog- govt officials kept changing
  • army poorly organised
  • fled to eastern from w tsarina left in charge
    -focused on military not the people
A

incompetency of the tsar

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41
Q

portrayed him as a strong, competent leader would defend him from any criticism

A

cult of stalin

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42
Q

-not one step back
- fight to the last

A
  • order 227
  • order 270
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43
Q
  • women equal status to men
  • granted illegitimate children the same legal rights as legitimate ones
  • divorce made easier
  • legalised abortion
A

Family Code of 1918

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44
Q

Church lands were confiscated, civil marriage was introduced, and the traditional link between Church and state was broken

A

decree on the churches

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45
Q

Describe the impact of the atomic bomb on US-USSR relations.

A

The atomic bomb caused tension between the US and USSR pressuring USSR into negotiating with USA over eastern Europe and Germany, It forced peace between the two as an atomic bomb being deployed would be a catastrophe.

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46
Q

USA and Britan would open a second front to defeat Germany

Stalin would declare war on Japan when Germany was defeated

USSR could keep some of Poland

Work together to win WW

A

Key decsions of Tehran

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47
Q

Churchill wanted to open up a second front in the Balkans not West Europe

But Roosevelt sided with Stalin and decided it was best to open up the front in West Europe

A

Disagreements of Tehran

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48
Q

This conference weakened the relationship between Chruchill and Roosevelt as a result of Roosevelt opting to open up a second front in Western Europe

A

Tehran confrence impact on relations

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49
Q

Germany would be split into 4 zones controlled by FR,USA,UK and USSR

Germany owe $20B in reparations

UN would be set up + Nazi party banned and war crims on trial

Future governments in east Europe would have free elections

A

Key decsions of Yalta

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50
Q

Stalin wanted 16 soviet republics to have individual memberships and wanted all of Poland to be communist which both Churchill and Roosevelt didn’t agree on

A

Disagreements of Yalta

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51
Q

-As a result of Stalin acquisitions being deny tension rose between him and Roosevelt, futher solidifying the west didn’t want communist countries

-Even though they didn’t agree they were still able to do business w/ each other

A

Yalta impact on relations

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52
Q

Organization of actually splitting Germany, economy however would run as a whole.

Reparations taken from each countries zone

As soviet one was poorest could take ¼ of industrial equipment but had to provide west w/ coal and food from Soviet zone

A

Potsdam Key Decisions
-Truman, Stalin, Attlee

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53
Q

Truman didn’t want to punish Germany too harshly to avoid another TOV outbreak, agreed on by Attlee

Stalin was outraged due to losing 20 million men and demanded Germany must be crushed in the case of future attacks

Stalin and Truman further had beef over Stalin’s mass control of Eastern Europe

A

Disagreements of Potsdam

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54
Q

was a breaking point for USSR and the USA as tension rose heavily

and vice versa for the US

A

Potsdam impact on relations
-Truman, Stalin, Attlee

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55
Q

The Berlin Airlift

A

Truman sent B-29 bombers to Britan( carried nuclear bombs)

Airlift lasted 10 months, coal, food and other necessities flown into west Berlin

Citizens helped unload planes and supplies, were grateful in return and supported NATO

1000 Tonnes of supplies flown in daily, 170,000 Tonnes of supplies sent over total

Stalin offered west Berlin’s chance to move to east with good supplies, 3% accepted

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56
Q

BAY OF PIGS

A

On the 15th of April 1961 US planes bombed part of the Cuban Airforce

Second wave of US bombings

1400 Cuban exiles landed in April the 17th with US hoping they would overthrow government

1100 exiled and 100 dead by the 19th

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57
Q

Evil empire- aggressive rhetoric

Increased military spending

Star wars shield

START- 5 stage plan- reduce nuclear warheads

Inferring behind Iron curtain w first Poland then Hungary + Czech

Teamed up with Pope, John Paul

A

What Regan did

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58
Q

Glasnost( more open)

Perestroika ( communist reforms)

Dropped out of arms race

Geneva 1985 cut offensive weapons by 50%

A

Gorbachev

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59
Q

In November 1958, Khrushchev demanded the Western countries officially recognize East Germany as an independent country – they refused

He then demanded on 27 November:

Berlin should be demilitarized and Western troops withdrawn

Berlin should become a free city (independent government but controlled by Soviets)

A

Berlin Ultimatum

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60
Q

why did Khrushchev placed missiles in Cuba?

A

Khrushchev installed missiles in Cuba as a prelude to an all-out attack on the US.

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61
Q

was a problem in the Soviet Union when Gorbachev came to power

A

High levels of work absenteeism.

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62
Q

collectivisation succeses

A

Enforcing collectivization with punishment works- better agricultral production

Motor tractor stations- increasing effiecency

1932 2/3 village are collectivized

Eliminated kulak- stop rebellious

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63
Q

collectivisation failures

A

Allowance of small plots of land

Kulak(higher up peasants) destroyed crops + animals

1932-1933 ‘man-made’ famine/ 6 mil deaths

By 1939 400 state farms run by government official who were clueless on it, then killed kulak who knew about farming, L

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64
Q

a social, economic and political philosophy that analyses the impact of the ruling class on the laborers, leading to uneven distribution of wealth and privileges in the society

A

Marxism

65
Q

Why Bolsheviks won civil war

A
  • Disciplined army turned into elite fighting force
  • Geographical advantage
  • propaganda spread around Russia garnering support
  • military upgrades
66
Q
  • took land from church, nobles and landlords and even distrubuted to everyone
  • introduced war communism
  • increased access to education
  • improved labour condtions
  • “peace, land, bread” + “ all power to soviets”
A

Intial bolshevik reforms

67
Q

sought to provide its members with alternative leisure activities that promote communism and the improvement of society, such as volunteer work, sports, and political and drama clubs.

A

Komosol

68
Q

2 17 billlion dollar plans implemented. Stalin accused the US of ‘Dollar Imperialism’. Stalin set up Cominform and Comecon in response.

A

Truman doctrine- 400M
Marshall Plan- 16B

69
Q

suggests the cooperation through economic and trade between Germany and France. Proposal suggests that cooperation and unity can be made through economic cooperation.

A

Schumann decleration

70
Q

Nikita Khrushchev becomes Secretary General. To distance himself from Stalin, performs his ‘secret-speech’ where by he suggests de-stalinisation. West sees this as a ‘thaw’ in the Cold War

A

Destalinisation speech

71
Q

-Building on the success of the Coal and Steel Treaty, the 6 founding countries expand their cooperation to other economic sectors.

-formalised by signing two treaties, creating the European Economic Community (EEC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)

A

Treaty of Rome

72
Q
  • Us and USSR agreeed to limit amount of Ballistic missles with ABM treaty
  • limited to 2 sites of 100 missles
    -no further prodcution of ballistic missles
A

SALT 1

73
Q

SALT 2

A
  • Held in Vienna
  • Limit on MIRV, ICBM and strategic bombers
    -Limit of 2400 missles each side
  • failed to get through congress as USSR invaded Afgan
74
Q

created, to promote free trade and economic integration between certain countries not in the EEC: Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

A

The European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

75
Q

Everyone has to agree to a comphremise or else veto vote activated

A

Luxembrug compermise

76
Q

Warsaw Pact forces entered Czechoslovakia in a bid to stop the reforms instigated by Alexander Dubcek. When he refused to halt his programme of reforms Dubcek was arrested.

A

Prague spring

77
Q

-legal system to ensure fair trials

-Withdrawal of Soviet troops from Hungary;

-Farmers to be allowed private ownership of their land (instead of it being state owned)

-Hungary to leave the Warsaw Pact and declare neutrality in the Cold War .

A

Hungarian Uprising reforms

78
Q

Shipyard workers in the Polish city of Gdansk, led by Lech Walesa, strike for more rights. Other strikes follow across the country.

A

Strikes for polish workers rights

79
Q

-Customs duties were’nt flowing as expected so introduced
- Gives Eu parliment more power
- strengthens European communities in envirimental protection

A

Single European Act (SEA)

80
Q

declared independnece in 1991
- Serbia pullec out in 10 days as waste of resources of lack of serbians occupying country

A

Slovenia

81
Q
  • declared independence in 1991
  • due to 12% serbian population, Serbia attack
  • Serbia fight hard for four years before NATO threats make them pull out
  • 37M in damage w/ 20k casualties
A

Croatia

82
Q
  • declares independence, most ethnically diverse of the Yugoslav republics, 43% Muslim, 31% Serbian
  • Erupted into war
  • Process of ethnic cleansing began and moved into cc camps
  • By the time peace is achieved in 1995, the country has been partitioned into three areas, with each region governed by one of the three ethnic groups.
A

Bosnia

83
Q

-creating the EU
-established the Euro
-Common foreign and security policy
-Enhanced cooperation in home (domestic) affairs and justice

A

Maastricht Treaty

84
Q

Provided funding to bodies in all EU regions to reduce economic, social and territorial imbalance

A

European Reigonal Development Fund (ERDF)

85
Q

Annual budget deficit not exceeding 3% of GDP

Public debt under 60% GDP

Inflation rates within 1.5% of three lowest inflation rates in the EU

A

Pillar 1- Maastricht Treaty

86
Q

-Members undertook to define and implement common foreign and security policies

-Adopt common defense policies

A

Pillar 2- Maastricht Treaty

87
Q

-Elimination of border control conflicted with some national immigration, free movermnet between borders

-EU gains three new members Austria, Finland and Sweeden

A

Pillar 3 Maasrticht Treaty

88
Q

1985 treaty that led most of the European countries towards the abolishment of their national borders,

A

Schengen Decleration

89
Q

Treaty of Paris

A
  • Soviet union wanted Berlin to be designed as ‘free city’- no military
  • West was determined to not let USSR influence the West- so disagree
  • U2 spy plane shot down in Cuba, US denied claims that had evidence
  • leading Krushchev to walk out
90
Q
  • East Germans felt Ostaligie
  • GDR went into billions of debt modernizing the east
  • dismatnling of Stasi secret police
A

effects of reunifcation

91
Q

Hungarian uprising

A
  • protest agianst communist rule
  • Nagy comes in november
  • tanks amd military withdrawn, Nagy making a new government w/ freedom of speech and religion
  • Came to an ned as 500,000 Red army troops invaded
92
Q

CMC

A

-John F. Kennedy decided to place a blockade, on Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments of missiles.

-U.S. forces would seize “offensive weapons and associated matériel” that Soviet vessels might attempt to deliver to Cuba

-As the two superpowers hovered close to the brink of nuclear war, messages were exchanged between Kennedy and Khrushchev amidst extreme tension on both sides

-Krushchev infromed Kenedy on Oct 28th that he was pulling out, Kenedy removed missles from Turkey

93
Q

The policy of rollback

A

Intervention to overthrow a communist government in another country

94
Q

Why did Khrushchev refuse to accept Hungary leaving the Warsaw Pact?

A

It would leave a gap in the USSR’s buffer zone with Eastern Europe.

95
Q

Brezhnev Doctrine

A
  • soviet foriegn policy made to establish control over Eastern bloc
    -limited independence of the satellite states as only communist parties was allowed
  • The soviet union defined wheter a part was capitalsit or socialist
96
Q

Sinatra Doctrine

A

A doctrine that allowed satellite states to have complete independence as communist parties

97
Q

Factors that contributed to Detente

A

Ostpolitik- Trade deals and communications
Sino-Soviet split- USSR and China relations weakened
Domestic Issues- vietnam war
Nucler Non Prolifertation Treaty + Nuclear Test ban Treaty

98
Q

This policy of normalising relations and openness towards the East, for trades and communications, moving towards reunifcation

A

Ostpolitik intrdouced by Brandt-1969

99
Q
  • Maintain International peace and detente
  • Brandt and USSR used to settle disputes peacefully
  • soldified to respect eachothers borders
A

Treaty of Moscow- 1970

100
Q
  • International cooperation
  • agreements of Human rights
  • estbalished not being aloud to violate frontiers of other countries
  • 33 accrods agreed
  • USSR wanted recognition for changes that occured in WW2
A

Helsinki Accords- 1975

101
Q
  • Between Russia, USA, Britain and France reconfirmed the rights and responsibilities of those countries with regard to Berlin.
  • Restablished communications and travel
A

Four power agreement/ Berlin - 1971

102
Q
  • remove the danger of nuclear war and remove weapons
  • stregthen world peace and security
    -Infrom the UN security of council negogtiations
  • 62 countries signed
A

Agreement of prevention of Nuclear War- 1973

103
Q
  • work to improve relations between East and West Ger
  • refrain threat of force and abide by Human rights
  • work for peace in Europe as mutuals
A

German basic treaty- 1972

104
Q

What events led to the fall of the Berlin Wall?

A

-Growing financial problems (GDP of east was 40% of West), peaceful demonstrations, and emigration
- Kohl reunifcation progress
- collapse of USSR

105
Q

businesspeople in the early Soviet Union, who took advantage of the opportunities for private trade and small-scale manufacturing provided under the New Economic Policy

A

NEPmen

106
Q

-Both sides put forward their proposals on how Berlin should be run

  • Us wanting the East to not be compromised by the West

-USSR wanted a ‘free city’ meaning the West would have to become less captilist to reduce eastern migration

A

positives of Geneva, May 1959

107
Q

Eisenhower invited Khrushchev for further talks on Berlin and cold war

A

Outcomes- Geneva confrence

108
Q

pos-
Eisenhower and Khruschev met face to face for the first time

neg- Still no agreement on a way forward

A

Positives and negatives camp David September 1959

109
Q

Soviets withdrew the Berlin Ultimatum thawing tension

A

Outcomes- Camp David

110
Q

-Soviets announced they shot down U-2 spy plane with Eisenhower denying it

-Eisenhower refused to apologize with the pilot admitting it was a spy plane

A

negatives- Paris May 1960

111
Q

Relations became worse between the pair over a disagreement about he U2 spy plane

A

Outcomes- Paris

112
Q

-Khrushchev renewed Berlin Ultimatum

-Both could still negotiate in the future

A

positives- Vienna, June 1961

113
Q

-Kenedy appear weak giving Krushchev the idea he could walk over him

-no decision made

A

negatives- Vienna

114
Q

-Meeting ended with no decision made

-Kenedy increased US military spending by $3.5 billion, in return Khruschev increased spending by 30%

A

Outcomes- Vienna

115
Q

peace agreement reached on Nov. 21, 1995, by the presidents of Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia, ending the war in Bosnia and outlining a General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with heavy support from NATO

A

Dayton peace accords

116
Q

-Response too late with military force in 1995

-Early attempts were like a slap on the wrist

-1 pillar in Maastricht treaty was collective foreign policy and security- which means they should’ve stepped in. NATO noly stepped with US backing

A

EU response to Yugoslavia

117
Q
  • revamp to economy that was struggling and ineffeicent
  • state control loosened and attempt to introduce competition + foriegn trade
  • market orientated economy didn’t work leading to shortages, inflation nd economic hardship
A

Perestroika

118
Q

Who said This?- “ the two most powerful nations had been sqaured off, each with its finger on the button”

A

Krushchev

119
Q

Who said This?- “It’s insane that two men sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide an end to civilisation”

A

Kenedy

120
Q
  • Brest- Litvosk treaty
    -Com-intern
    -Nazi- Soviet Pact
A

Soviet foriegn policy( 1917-45)

121
Q
  • banned use of nulcear weapons underwater, in the atmosphere or outer space
  • allows underground tests but no debris can fall
    -worked towards complete nuclear disarments
A

Nuclear Test ban treaty- 1963

122
Q
  • no one could further develop nuclear weapons
    -can’t transfer nuclear weapons to other states
  • Treaty would be reviewed every 5yrs
A

Nucler Non Prolifertation Treaty- 1968

123
Q
  • stationing of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in outer space
    -Prohibits military activities on celestial bodies
  • peaceful expolration of outer space aloud
A

Treaty of Outer Space- 1967

124
Q
  • the USA was prepared to use force to stop any country from gaining control over the oil rich states of the Middle East.
A

Carter Doctrine

125
Q

-eliminated a whole category of nuclear weapons that threatened Europe in the 1980s

A

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)

126
Q

“Star Wars program”,by Regan which proposed a missle defense system to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons.

A

Strategic Defense Initiative

127
Q
  • Rise of nationalsim, with no military intference
  • Glasnost and Perestroika
  • Fall of Berlin Wall
  • NATO expanding to East Europe
A

Reasons for the collapse of the soviet Union

128
Q
  • trade agreements
  • transfer of techonology and expertise from the USSR
  • economic relief after WW2
A

Comecon 1949

129
Q
  • Response the Marshall AId + TD
  • Coordinating actions between
    European communist parties under
    the direction of the Soviet Union.
  • Intial goal was to spread communist propaganda
A

Comintern 1947

130
Q
  • Increased politcal and social opness and transparency with govt
  • Allowed freedom of speech,press and political debate
  • allowed fro cultral and intellectual exchange and Western ideas
  • However freedom led to Soviet republics demanding freedom from USSR
A

Glasnost (openess)

131
Q

Truman didn’t want to punish Germany too harshly to avoid another TOV outbreak, agreed on by Attlee

Stalin was outraged due to losing 20 million men

A

Potsdam disagreements

132
Q

Stalin wanted 16 soviet republics to have individual memberships and wanted all of Poland to be communist

A

Yalta disagreements

133
Q
  • Strong believer in autocracy
    -Missed oppotunities to bring the liberals on his side
  • Did not want the Duma or representative body
  • Unwilling to share power
A

Tsar politcal attuitude

134
Q

Stalin
key role in party, great organiser, working class background,

Trotsky
rival Lenin in intellect, good public skills, major impact in party (similar to Lenin), organised and determine, loyal, accepted decisions

A

Power struggle- favourable factors

135
Q

Trotsky
arrogance, aloofness, viewed as an outsider, did not like the business in politics, high minded approach, sickness made him absent

Stalin
disobedient, arrested frequently, hardened

A

Power Struggle unfavourable factors

136
Q
  • worldwide communism
  • coopeation with capitalist governments to stregnthen USSR and diplomacy
  • “democratic centralism”- making decsions inside the party
  • remove NEP
A

Trotsky idealogy- left

137
Q
  • “socialism in one country”
  • rapid industrialisation + collectivization
  • government planned economy
A

Stalin idealogy

138
Q
  • increase industrialsim, agriculture and military strength
  • dont have to West for supplies- self suffiency
  • rival the West if upcoming war
A

Reasons of FYP

139
Q

-Soviet regime was cruel and repressive
- Soviets were insecure of army and felt West was stronger
-USSR was fanatically hostile to the west but not suicidal

A

Kennan Telegram

140
Q

-Stalin ordered all canals, roads, and railways in Berlin to be blocked
-No aid could get into Berlin unless sent by Russia
-Wanted to starve the Allies out of Berlin
- West countered with Berlin AIrlift

A

Berlin Blockade

141
Q
  • economy was becoming stagnent
  • wanted to reduce tensions + military expenditure
  • Sino- soviet relations worsening
A

USSR reasons for detente

142
Q
  • needed to end Vietnam war
  • wanted ‘realpolitk’ than a set foriegn policy
  • wanted to free up resources to help American economy
A

US reasons for detente

143
Q

Democratizatsiya

A

-the spreading of democratic processes throughout the Soviet system
- holding elections and allowing other parties to consolidate power
- legal refroms = fairer on people

144
Q

Stalin Quote -death

A

” death is the solution to all problems”

145
Q

Stalin Quote- armies

A

“History has shown there are no invincible armies.”

146
Q

Krushchev Quote-throat

A

“West Berlin in like a bone in my throat”

147
Q

Tsar general qoute

A

“The army was drowning in its own blood”. - On WW1 under Tsar Nicholas

148
Q

Lenin qoute 2-breathing

A

“What is needed now is an economic breathing space.”-

149
Q

Stalin qoute ww2 radio

A

“COMRADES, citizens, brothers and sisters, men of our Army and Navy! My words are addressed to you, dear friends!”- Radio broadcast in 1941, WW2.

150
Q

Stalin on Kulaks

A

“We must liquidate the kulaks as a class”

151
Q

-Bolsheviks such as legalising divorce and abortion this improved their position in short term
- Stalinist era in the 1930s women in the workforce in areas for males + had to take care of the household
- In WW2 helped out in army and supply armaments playing role in win

A

Women

152
Q

-Lenin through redistribution of land in 1917, but this was quickly followed by grain requisitioning from WC causing a famine
- improvemnt in life with NEP
- Then Stalin collectivsation was bad as may accused as Kulaks and went into famine on collective farms

A

Peasents

153
Q

Against Marxist ideal

A

Lenin - Grain requistioning and the NEP being capatilit
Stalin- economic policies + harsh working condtions faced by peasents and proliteriats
During WW2 Stalin reallowed religon aginast Marxiost athiest ideal

154
Q
  • increased nationalsim
  • Bosnia( 2.2 millon disoplaced +100k killed)- dayton treaty
  • Serbia conflict (140,000 deaths)
  • Kosovo conflict- air strike
A

Reasons for fall of Yugosalvia

155
Q
  • Nuclear test ban treaty + Salt 1- reduced nuclear use and production
  • Ostpolitik, 4 power agreement + Moscow treaty- improved poor relations in Germany + between Ger and USSR
  • Helsinki accords- Humans rights + fostered relations b/w e+w
A

Detente important events

156
Q
  • allied communications w/ US(lend lease) and Ger NS pact
  • rebuilt army through discipline and allocation of powers
  • motviation through propagnada pushed Soviets to victory
A

Stalin as a wartime leader

157
Q
  • called an immediate truce with all surronding contries
  • non compilence from Germany led to treaty of B-L
  • civil war later broke out making treaty ineffective
A

Peace decree

158
Q
  • failed to end Russians hunger w/ stravation peaking in March 1918
  • millions moved to countryside but then war communism meant grain was requistioned for peasents
A

Bread decree- didn’t work

159
Q

Keep the Americans in, the Russian out and the German’s don.

A

NATO policy

yes (2 decks)

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