History Exam 1- 1302

Question 1

African American response to freedom after the Civil War

Answer 1

Former slaves organized independent gatherings and religious services, were allowed to own dogs, guns, and liquor, and departed plantations for improved employment, reuniting with family, or seeking personal freedom.

Question 2

Affect emancipation had on the structure of black family

Answer 2

Increasing the presence of black men, fostering gender segregation, prompting women to shift from field labor to domestic roles, leading to increased family time

Question 3

Affect emancipation had on planters

Answer 3

Southern planters seek Planter families faced changes by losing their life savings

For the first time, some of them had to do physical labor.

Question 4

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 4

made notable achievements in improving African-American education and health care.

Question 5

Key item ex-slaves believed would improve their conditions

Answer 5

land

Question 6

Sharecropping

Answer 6

was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (cause less supervision)

System where landless farmers worked land in exchange for a share of the crops

Question 7

Crop-lien system

Answer 7

Credit system allowing farmers to obtain supplies by agreeing to turn over a portion of their crops

kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

Question 8

The area where laborers were brought from after the British abolition of slavery

Answer 8

Indian subcontinent, particularly India

Question 9

Reasons President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan failed

Answer 9

prominent ex-confederates and pre-civil war elite came into power

Question 10

Black Codes

Answer 10

allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts

Question 11

Biggest goal of Radical Republicans

Answer 11

equal rights for all, regardless of race.

Question 12

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

Answer 12

Defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.

No longer could states create laws like the black codes that discriminated between white and black citizens.

A state cannot deprive a citizen of the right to make contracts, bring lawsuits, or enjoy equal protection of one’s person and property

Question 13

14th Amendment

Answer 13

All persons born in the U.S. were citizens, except Native Americans

Question 14

Reconstruction Act

Answer 14

In March 1867, over Johnson’s veto, Congress adopted the Reconstruction Act.

It: created new state governments and provided for black male suffrage in the South.

Question 15

15th Amendment

(think of voting)

Answer 15

Couldn’t prevent voting cause of race.

Things that were not based on race:
Property qualifications, literacy tests, poll taxes, amendment not apply to women.

Question 15

“Waving the bloody shirt”

Answer 15

Republicans identified their opponents with secession and reason it was called “waving the bloody shirt”

Question 16

Hiram Revels

Answer 16

in 1870 became the 1st black senator in American history

Question 17

Blanche Bruce

Answer 17

The 2nd black senator, Blanche Bruce, a former slave, was elected in 1875.

Question 18

“Carpetbaggers”

Answer 18

Northerners (many former union soldiers) who went to South to:

pursue opportunity to combine personal economic advancement with a role in helping to substitute

assist the former slaves (teachers & Freedmen’s Bureau)

Question 19

“Scalawags”

Answer 19

Southern republicans, non-slaveholding white farmers

Question 20

Enforcement Act

Answer 20

made to: stop terrorist societies

it: expanded the National authority during reconstruction

Question 21

Liberal Republican movement’s causes

Answer 21

North commitment to reconstruction waned,

in republican party replaced alongside politicians the idea of equal rights for blacks,

and northeners felt south should deal with its own problems w/ out gov. interference.

Question 22

“Redeemers”

Answer 22

goal was to “redeem” the South by removing Republicans from power and restoring white supremacy.

Question 23

The issue with the election of 1876

(disputed electoral votes)

Answer 23

Disputed electoral votes led to a compromise that effectively ended Reconstruction

Question 24

By 1890, most Americans did what for work

Answer 24

worked for wages

Question 25

How did Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats represent an integrated economy?

Answer 25

They were national brands, sold everywhere across the U.S. thanks to expanding railroad network.

Question 26

Thomas Edison’s inventions

Answer 26

phonograph, the light bulb, motion picture, and a system for generating and distributing electric power

Question 27

“Pools”

Answer 27

created by railroad companies and other businesses cause they hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors.

Question 28

The reason “skilled workers” gained more freedom in expanding industries

Answer 28

commanded high wages and exercised control over the production process

Question 29

The reason western territories took longer to become states

Answer 29

easterners were wary of granting statehood until
White and non-Mormon settlers counterbalanced the large Latino and Mormon population

white+non-mormon=latino+mormon

Question 30

Plains Indians

Answer 30

included Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux

Question 31

The goal of “boarding schools” for Native American children

Answer 31

remove the negative influences of their parents and tribes

Question 32

Dawes Act

Answer 32

Indians who accepted the farms and adopted the habits of civilized life would eventually become a full-fledged American citizens

a civilized life for Native Americans was individual property ownership and farming on family plots.

Question 33

Elections during the Gilded Age

Answer 33

corruption & corporate domination of politics

Question 34

Interstate Commerce Commission

Answer 34

ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates

Question 35

Greenback-Labor Party

Answer 35

wanted the federal government to stop taking money out of circulation

Question 36

Social Darwinism

Answer 36

Argued that evolution was as natural a process in human society as in nature and that government must not interfere

argued failure to advance in society indicates a lack of character

argued freedom required frank acceptance of inequality

Question 37

The Knights of Labor

Answer 37

Tried to organize: unskilled workers, skilled workers, women, men, blacks, and whites.. except Asian immigrants

Question 38

The Haymarket Affair

Answer 38

large group of unionization
brought native-born and immigrant workers
may 3, 1886, bomb killed: “haymarket martyrs”

Question 39

Causes of farmer’s plight

Answer 39

the fiscal policty that reduced the supply of money in the economy

the high tariff policies of the fed gov.

high freight rates charged by railroads

excessive interest rates for loans from banks

Question 40

Populists hoped to help farmers get access to markets by what

Answer 40

public ownership of the railroads

Question 41

Results of “Redeemers” in power

Answer 41

undo as much as possible or Reconstruction

New laws authorized arrest of any person w/out employment

Question 42

1894 Pullman Strike

Answer 42

fed. troops were used to help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners

crippled national rail service and triggered the arrest of union president Eugene V. Debs.

Question 43

Disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South

Answer 43

Laws to end black voting:
Poll taxes, literacy tests, “understanding” the state constitution, grandfather clause

Question 44

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 44

sanctioned racial segregation

Question 45

Whites reasoning behind lynchings

Answer 45

Many white Southerners considered preserving the purity of white womanhood a justification for extralegal vengeance

Question 46

The Immigration Restriction League

Answer 46

Reducing immigration by barring illiterate from entering U.S.

Question 47

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Answer 47

Congress temporarily excluded all immigrants from China from entering the country
the first time race had been used to exclude an entire group of people

Question 48

Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta speech promoted

Answer 48

African Americans to adjust to segregation, abandon agitation for civil and political rights.

Question 49

Reason for American expansionism after the 1890s

Answer 49

Most Americans looked overseas
For expanded trade
Territorial possessions

Question 50

Platt Amendment

Answer 50

U.S. intervene w/ militarily in Cuba whenever

Question 51

Insular Cases

Answer 51

constitution did NOT apply to recent territories by the U.S.