HISTORY - Enlightenment people Flashcards
1
Q
Thomas Hobbes
A
- Wrote Leviathan
- People are “cruel, selfish, wicked, greedy”
- People driven by desire for power
- People can’t be trusted to make decisions good for society
- Strong governement to protect people from themselves
2
Q
John Locke
A
- Denied devine right
- Constitutional monarchy
- 1680’s made parliament check the power and install English Bill of Rights
- Wrote Two Treatises on Government
- Government must protect people’s natural rights
- People give the government power to make/enfore laws
- Government authority from consent of society
- “All people have natural rights, life, liberty, property”
3
Q
Montesquieu
A
- Wrote On the Spirit of Laws
- Sought to divide government into three branches;
a) Legislative
b) Judicial
c) Executive - Too much power for one person leads to tyrrany
- “To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them”
4
Q
Volitaire
A
- Wrote Candide
- Wrote for:
a) Freedom of speech
b) Religious toleration
c) Separation of church/state - “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
5
Q
Jean Jacques Rousseau
A
- Society corrupts goodness
- Believed in democracy
- Wrote The Social Contract
- People give up rights for protection
- Government follows general will of the people. Ties are cut with majority rule
- “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”
6
Q
Cesare Beccaria
A
- Rights of accused people for fair treatment
- Wrote Crimes and Punishments
- Disagrees with
a) Torture
b) Trials held in secret
c) Unequal treatment for same crimes - To stop commiting of crimes, punishments should not be brutal
- Punishment severe enough to outweigh the benefit of crime
- “It is better to prevent crimes than to punish them”
7
Q
Mary Wollstonecraft
A
- Women’s rights
- Education was the key to equality
- Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women
- “Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience
