history early australia and the gold rush Flashcards
Why did britain decide to start a penal colony in Australia?
- Overcrowding of prisons
- The need for materials
- Americans refused british convicts.
What was it like to travel to Australia on the first and second fleet?
Terrible conditions for convicts, few survived
What was the relationship like between white colonists and Indigenous Australians at the beginning? When and why did this change?
Early interactions were generally friendly, and colonists were told to respect Indigenous rights by the British authorities. However, as the colony moved inland from the coast, rivalry for resources and territory led to hostilities.
What was the gold rush?
When significant numbers of workers moved from various parts of the globe to Australia, where gold had been discovered, to try and find some.
Who came to Australia during the gold rush and why?
Hundreds of thousands of diggers from other parts of Australia, and countries like Great Britain, Poland, Germany, and California came to Australia to claim their gold.
What led to the Eureka Stockade?
Discontent with the mining liscense.
What were the anti-chinese attitudes?
Suspicion of immorality and racism
What are the reasons for federation?
- United army for defence
- Employment
- Solve political problems
- Economic equality
What were the reasons against federation?
- Cost of operating a government
- Concerns of losing cultural ties with England
- Mistrust in another state
What was the white-australia debate?
Strives for a predominantly european-dominated society
How did the ‘ticket of leave’ system work?
Convicts were able to work for themselves with a ticket of leave as long as they stayed in a designated region and provided regular reports to the local authorities.
Breifly explain how Britian could claim land
Britain had the right to claim any land, and used any measure to get there.
What does terra nullius mean?
Land belonging to no one
Which people earned more money than miners and why?
Service workers because their resources had a high demand
List 3 affects of the discovery of gold
- Population increase
- Spread of disease
- Job oppurtunites
What kind of people came to the gold rush?
Mostly middle class
Explain what a gold license was
An expensive license permitting a miner to mine for gold in a small area for a certain amount of time
Why did miners pledge allegiance to the southern cross?
Because they were unhappy with the way the colonial government had been running the goldfields.
Explain the term ‘license hunt’
The government would fine miners without a gold license
What did Rev. Patrick smith do in 1854?
Pleads diggers to go to mass instead of fight.
What happened to the government after the eureka stockade?
Disrespected, since they outnumbered the miners
What rules were introduced after protests about liscense fees?
The license was removed and the council members were adjusted
What did chinese people call Australia in the 1850s?
New Mountain of Gold (
新金山
Xīn jīnshān)
What date did the first fleet arrive?
1788
What date did the findings of gold get reported?
1851
What was different about the second fleet vs the first fleet?
The second fleet (the death fleet) was much more cruel towards convicts
What was the second fleet?
a convoy of six ships carrying settlers, convicts and supplies to Sydney Cove,
What was the date of the meeting at bakery hill?
1854
What was the meeting at bakery hill?
Miners swore alligience to the southern cross and burned their gold liscences
What date was the eureka stockade?
Sunday in december 1854 (church day)
What was the date of federation?
1901
When did the gold rush start?
1851
