history early australia and the gold rush

Question 1

Why did britain decide to start a penal colony in Australia?

Answer 1

1. Overcrowding of prisons
2. The need for materials
3. Americans refused british convicts.

Question 2

What was it like to travel to Australia on the first and second fleet?

Answer 2

Terrible conditions for convicts, few survived

Question 2

What was the relationship like between white colonists and Indigenous Australians at the beginning? When and why did this change?

Answer 2

Early interactions were generally friendly, and colonists were told to respect Indigenous rights by the British authorities. However, as the colony moved inland from the coast, rivalry for resources and territory led to hostilities.

Question 3

What was the gold rush?

Answer 3

When significant numbers of workers moved from various parts of the globe to Australia, where gold had been discovered, to try and find some.

Question 4

Who came to Australia during the gold rush and why?

Answer 4

Hundreds of thousands of diggers from other parts of Australia, and countries like Great Britain, Poland, Germany, and California came to Australia to claim their gold.

Question 5

What led to the Eureka Stockade?

Answer 5

Discontent with the mining liscense.

Question 6

What were the anti-chinese attitudes?

Answer 6

Suspicion of immorality and racism

Question 7

What are the reasons for federation?

Answer 7

1. United army for defence
2. Employment
3. Solve political problems
4. Economic equality

Question 8

What were the reasons against federation?

Answer 8

1. Cost of operating a government
2. Concerns of losing cultural ties with England
3. Mistrust in another state

Question 9

What was the white-australia debate?

Answer 9

Strives for a predominantly european-dominated society

Question 10

How did the ‘ticket of leave’ system work?

Answer 10

Convicts were able to work for themselves with a ticket of leave as long as they stayed in a designated region and provided regular reports to the local authorities.

Question 11

Breifly explain how Britian could claim land

Answer 11

Britain had the right to claim any land, and used any measure to get there.

Question 12

What does terra nullius mean?

Answer 12

Land belonging to no one

Question 13

Which people earned more money than miners and why?

Answer 13

Service workers because their resources had a high demand

Question 14

List 3 affects of the discovery of gold

Answer 14

1. Population increase
2. Spread of disease
3. Job oppurtunites

Question 15

What kind of people came to the gold rush?

Answer 15

Mostly middle class

Question 16

Explain what a gold license was

Answer 16

An expensive license permitting a miner to mine for gold in a small area for a certain amount of time

Question 17

Why did miners pledge allegiance to the southern cross?

Answer 17

Because they were unhappy with the way the colonial government had been running the goldfields.

Question 18

Explain the term ‘license hunt’

Answer 18

The government would fine miners without a gold license

Question 19

What did Rev. Patrick smith do in 1854?

Answer 19

Pleads diggers to go to mass instead of fight.

Question 20

What happened to the government after the eureka stockade?

Answer 20

Disrespected, since they outnumbered the miners

Question 21

What rules were introduced after protests about liscense fees?

Answer 21

The license was removed and the council members were adjusted

Question 22

What did chinese people call Australia in the 1850s?

Answer 22

New Mountain of Gold (
新金山
Xīn jīnshān)

Question 23

What date did the first fleet arrive?

Answer 23

1788

Question 24

What date did the findings of gold get reported?

Answer 24

1851

Question 25

What was different about the second fleet vs the first fleet?

Answer 25

The second fleet (the death fleet) was much more cruel towards convicts

Question 26

What was the second fleet?

Answer 26

a convoy of six ships carrying settlers, convicts and supplies to Sydney Cove,

Question 27

What was the date of the meeting at bakery hill?

Answer 27

1854

Question 28

What was the meeting at bakery hill?

Answer 28

Miners swore alligience to the southern cross and burned their gold liscences

Question 29

What date was the eureka stockade?

Answer 29

Sunday in december 1854 (church day)

Question 30

What was the date of federation?

Answer 30

1901

Question 31

When did the gold rush start?

Answer 31

1851