geography test- biomes and food security 2024 Flashcards
identify one terrestrial biome
desert biome, polar lands, tundra, borreal forest, mountain vegetation, temp. forest, grassland, rainforest
identify one aquatic biome
freshwater, marine, coral reefs
how is the productivity of a biome measured?
measure the biomass
what are the three most productive biomes?
the forests: tropical rainforest, temperate forest, and boreal forest biomes.
what biomes include beef farming in australia?
tropical rainforest, temperate forest, and boreal forest biomes.
describe subsitence farming:
type of farming where farmers grow enough food to survive
in what regions of the world is substitence farming the main type of farming?
in developing countries like sub-Saharan Africa, northern South America, and south-east Asia.
how does food production affect natural biomes?
Natural biomes converted into farming land, Changes to the soil because of farming.
where does soil come from?
Soil is a mixture of air, water, broken-down rock, and organic materials that is formed over time.
how is new techonologies changing how farmers manage water and soil resources?
The use of technology such as remote sensors assists farmers to manage their water resources and soil resources.
what are common problems faced by farmers?
Low rainfall and infertile soils
define food security
a state where all people always have access to enough safe, nutritious food to sustain a healthy life.
how could drought lead to food insecurity?
As farming requires significant amounts of water, the lack of rainfall during a drought can cause crops to fail and the loss of livestock.
how is food security threatened?
climate change
population growth= higher demand,
Land degradation caused by human activities
what was the green revolution?
involved new technologies that were adopted like fertilisers and pesticides, mechanical vehicles and systems, pumps and irrigation systems etc.
how is food security improved by the green revolution?
increased food production, improving food availability and food stability and overall food security.
define genetic modification
a process by which scientists can change the genes of plants and animals to give them certain desirable traits.
what is food waste
the amount of food that is thrown away during the consumption process
what is food loss
the reduction in the amount of food where it is produced to where it reaches the consumer
what are the key principles of sustainable agriculture
repairing the damage from the past and working with nature in a more holistic way eg.keeping the soil covered with organic material
how can changes in population threaten food security
greater demand on food sources
what is a biome?
a large area of earth, that is home to plant/animal communities, with common characteristics which are shaped to that environment
key features of terrestrial biome
climate, vegetation, soil, wildlife, and human impact
what is climate
the average weather conditions in a particular region over a long period of time, typically 30 years or more.
what is weather
describes the short-term conditions you experience day to day
what is niche
a species role in a community
what determines climate relevation
air and precipitation
what is a terrestrial biome
found on land
what is an aquatic biome
found in water
what biomes are in australia
tropical rainforests, deserts, grasslands, temperate forests, coral reefs,
describe northern hemisphere biomes
tundra, boreal forest, temperate forest and grasslands, deserts, tropical rainforest
describe southern hemisphere biomes
tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, temperate forests, polar regions
describe equatorial biomes
tropical rainforests and savannas, mangroves
what biomes are the best for growing food
Biomes with fertile soils and moderate climates e.g. temperate grasslands and forests and tropical savannas
what are the different types of farming?
Nomadic pastoralism
Commercial Farming
Subsistence farming
nomadic pastorialists…
people who use the practice of herding livestock throughout the year in order to find food and water
what is pastoralism?
involves raising livestock as a primary livelihood
commercial farmers…
people who use the practice of farming to supply the needs of other people
subsistence farmers…
people who use the oractice of growing crops and raising livestock to feed themselves and their family
where do we grow most of our food in australia
fruits and veges grown along the coast e.g.murray darling basin
impacts of food production
CHANGE: to vegetation, removal of native forests and flora, land replaced with single crop, rivers/streams removed for irrigation and IMPACT: soil left exposed, reduction is soul fertility, erosion, desertification
what factors influence food production
temperature, climate, water supply, labour, landforms, expertise, rainfall, technology, soil, diseases, pests, sunshine
Importance of soil
plants grow in the soil that feeds every animal on earth
Farming techniques
use of technology (precision farming), conventional farming, organic, sustainable
What is regenerative farming
an agricultural approach focused on improving and restoring soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem function while maintaining or increasing productivity.
what are the four things needed to have food security
- food availability
- food accessibility
- knowledge and resources to use food appropriatley
- food stability
what regions of the world are at greater risk of food insecurity?
Some include parts of southeast and south asia, central america and africa
key challenges to food security?
- population growth
- land degradation
- water scarcity
- climate change
- competition for land
describe the future of food security
Sustainable practices, technological innovation, and reducing food waste will all play key roles in ensuring that everyone has enough to eat in the future.
what is the greatest threat to food security in the future?
extreme weather events, population growth, water scarcity, soil degreadation, loss of biodiversity etc.
key features of the tropical biome
variety of plant/animal species, warm weather+high rainfall
key features of the polar lands biome
small no. of plant/animal species
the higher the elevation…
the colder the temperature gets
what is biomass?
the weight of all the parts of the biome that are, or were once, living
why are some regions of the world are at greater risk of food insecurity?
They face challenges such as climate change, economic instability, conflict, and poverty.
what makes a biome productive?
its ability to support plant and animal life
what is desertification?
the transformation of fertile land into relatively dry desert areas
what is enteric fermentation?
the process by which animals break down food, such as grass, in their digestive systems
define weir
a dam built across a river to trap water in a reservoir
describe spatial technologies
any computer hardware or software that interacts with real-world locations; e.g. global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite images
example of a new technology helping farmers plus what does it do
remote sensors
monitor crop growth and development closely from far beyond visual observation.
how many biomes are there in australia?
5
what biomes are in australia?
mountain vegetation, temperate forest, grassland, desert, tropical rainforest
why is there a wide range of biomes in australia?
land mass and spread of land across different latitudes
what is spacial distribution?
the way in which different geographical features (bothnatural and human) are spread over the Earth’s surface.
what does PQE stand for
pattern-quantify-exception
what does PQE describe
spatial distribution
what does Biome productivity refer to?
the amount of biomass or living plant material produced through photosynthesis.
how does one measure Carbon dioxide levels
carbon dioxide that an area takes in during photosynthesis-amount of carbon dioxide released.
how much of all habitable land is used for agriculture?
46%
describe dairy farming
raising and breeding livestock to produce milk for human consumption.
what is grazing
grassland suitable for pasturage
