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humanities > geography test- biomes and food security 2024 > Flashcards

geography test- biomes and food security 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

identify one terrestrial biome

A

desert biome, polar lands, tundra, borreal forest, mountain vegetation, temp. forest, grassland, rainforest

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2
Q

identify one aquatic biome

A

freshwater, marine, coral reefs

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3
Q

how is the productivity of a biome measured?

A

measure the biomass

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4
Q

what are the three most productive biomes?

A

the forests: tropical rainforest, temperate forest, and boreal forest biomes.

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5
Q

what biomes include beef farming in australia?

A

tropical rainforest, temperate forest, and boreal forest biomes.

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6
Q

describe subsitence farming:

A

type of farming where farmers grow enough food to survive

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7
Q

in what regions of the world is substitence farming the main type of farming?

A

in developing countries like sub-Saharan Africa, northern South America, and south-east Asia.

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8
Q

how does food production affect natural biomes?

A

Natural biomes converted into farming land, Changes to the soil because of farming.

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9
Q

where does soil come from?

A

Soil is a mixture of air, water, broken-down rock, and organic materials that is formed over time.

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10
Q

how is new techonologies changing how farmers manage water and soil resources?

A

The use of technology such as remote sensors assists farmers to manage their water resources and soil resources.

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11
Q

what are common problems faced by farmers?

A

Low rainfall and infertile soils

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12
Q

define food security

A

a state where all people always have access to enough safe, nutritious food to sustain a healthy life.

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13
Q

how could drought lead to food insecurity?

A

As farming requires significant amounts of water, the lack of rainfall during a drought can cause crops to fail and the loss of livestock.

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14
Q

how is food security threatened?

A

climate change
population growth= higher demand,
Land degradation caused by human activities

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15
Q

what was the green revolution?

A

involved new technologies that were adopted like fertilisers and pesticides, mechanical vehicles and systems, pumps and irrigation systems etc.

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16
Q

how is food security improved by the green revolution?

A

increased food production, improving food availability and food stability and overall food security.

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17
Q

define genetic modification

A

a process by which scientists can change the genes of plants and animals to give them certain desirable traits.

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18
Q

what is food waste

A

the amount of food that is thrown away during the consumption process

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19
Q

what is food loss

A

the reduction in the amount of food where it is produced to where it reaches the consumer

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20
Q

what are the key principles of sustainable agriculture

A

repairing the damage from the past and working with nature in a more holistic way eg.keeping the soil covered with organic material

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21
Q

how can changes in population threaten food security

A

greater demand on food sources

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22
Q

what is a biome?

A

a large area of earth, that is home to plant/animal communities, with common characteristics which are shaped to that environment

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23
Q

key features of terrestrial biome

A

climate, vegetation, soil, wildlife, and human impact

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24
Q

what is climate

A

the average weather conditions in a particular region over a long period of time, typically 30 years or more.

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25
Q

what is weather

A

describes the short-term conditions you experience day to day

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26
Q

what is niche

A

a species role in a community

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27
Q

what determines climate relevation

A

air and precipitation

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28
Q

what is a terrestrial biome

A

found on land

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29
Q

what is an aquatic biome

A

found in water

30
Q

what biomes are in australia

A

tropical rainforests, deserts, grasslands, temperate forests, coral reefs,

31
Q

describe northern hemisphere biomes

A

tundra, boreal forest, temperate forest and grasslands, deserts, tropical rainforest

32
Q

describe southern hemisphere biomes

A

tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, temperate forests, polar regions

33
Q

describe equatorial biomes

A

tropical rainforests and savannas, mangroves

34
Q

what biomes are the best for growing food

A

Biomes with fertile soils and moderate climates e.g. temperate grasslands and forests and tropical savannas

35
Q

what are the different types of farming?

A

Nomadic pastoralism
Commercial Farming
Subsistence farming

36
Q

nomadic pastorialists…

A

people who use the practice of herding livestock throughout the year in order to find food and water

37
Q

what is pastoralism?

A

involves raising livestock as a primary livelihood

38
Q

commercial farmers…

A

people who use the practice of farming to supply the needs of other people

39
Q

subsistence farmers…

A

people who use the oractice of growing crops and raising livestock to feed themselves and their family

40
Q

where do we grow most of our food in australia

A

fruits and veges grown along the coast e.g.murray darling basin

41
Q

impacts of food production

A

CHANGE: to vegetation, removal of native forests and flora, land replaced with single crop, rivers/streams removed for irrigation and IMPACT: soil left exposed, reduction is soul fertility, erosion, desertification

42
Q

what factors influence food production

A

temperature, climate, water supply, labour, landforms, expertise, rainfall, technology, soil, diseases, pests, sunshine

43
Q

Importance of soil

A

plants grow in the soil that feeds every animal on earth

44
Q

Farming techniques

A

use of technology (precision farming), conventional farming, organic, sustainable

45
Q

What is regenerative farming

A

an agricultural approach focused on improving and restoring soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem function while maintaining or increasing productivity.

46
Q

what are the four things needed to have food security

A
  1. food availability
  2. food accessibility
  3. knowledge and resources to use food appropriatley
  4. food stability
47
Q

what regions of the world are at greater risk of food insecurity?

A

Some include parts of southeast and south asia, central america and africa

48
Q

key challenges to food security?

A
  1. population growth
  2. land degradation
  3. water scarcity
  4. climate change
  5. competition for land
49
Q

describe the future of food security

A

Sustainable practices, technological innovation, and reducing food waste will all play key roles in ensuring that everyone has enough to eat in the future.

50
Q

what is the greatest threat to food security in the future?

A

extreme weather events, population growth, water scarcity, soil degreadation, loss of biodiversity etc.

51
Q

key features of the tropical biome

A

variety of plant/animal species, warm weather+high rainfall

52
Q

key features of the polar lands biome

A

small no. of plant/animal species

53
Q

the higher the elevation…

A

the colder the temperature gets

54
Q

what is biomass?

A

the weight of all the parts of the biome that are, or were once, living

55
Q

why are some regions of the world are at greater risk of food insecurity?

A

They face challenges such as climate change, economic instability, conflict, and poverty.

56
Q

what makes a biome productive?

A

its ability to support plant and animal life

57
Q

what is desertification?

A

the transformation of fertile land into relatively dry desert areas

58
Q

what is enteric fermentation?

A

the process by which animals break down food, such as grass, in their digestive systems

59
Q

define weir

A

a dam built across a river to trap water in a reservoir

60
Q

describe spatial technologies

A

any computer hardware or software that interacts with real-world locations; e.g. global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite images

61
Q

example of a new technology helping farmers plus what does it do

A

remote sensors
monitor crop growth and development closely from far beyond visual observation.

62
Q

how many biomes are there in australia?

A

5

63
Q

what biomes are in australia?

A

mountain vegetation, temperate forest, grassland, desert, tropical rainforest

64
Q

why is there a wide range of biomes in australia?

A

land mass and spread of land across different latitudes

65
Q

what is spacial distribution?

A

the way in which different geographical features (bothnatural and human) are spread over the Earth’s surface.

66
Q

what does PQE stand for

A

pattern-quantify-exception

67
Q

what does PQE describe

A

spatial distribution

68
Q

what does Biome productivity refer to?

A

the amount of biomass or living plant material produced through photosynthesis.

69
Q

how does one measure Carbon dioxide levels

A

carbon dioxide that an area takes in during photosynthesis-amount of carbon dioxide released.

70
Q

how much of all habitable land is used for agriculture?

A

46%

71
Q

describe dairy farming

A

raising and breeding livestock to produce milk for human consumption.

72
Q

what is grazing

A

grassland suitable for pasturage

humanities (2 decks)

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