History Comeback Republic Flashcards
Credit to Matthew Nunes
Early Republic 509-344 B.C.
Who were the Etruscans united under?
Lars Porsenna
Who was the wife of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus?
Lucretia
Who was the husband of Lucretia?
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
What wife of Collatinus did Sextus Tarquinius rape?
Lucretia
Who raped Lucretia?
Sextus Tarquinius
After the First Secession of the Plebs ended, what office was formed?
Tribunus Populi
Where was Lars Porsenna king?
Clusium
What year did Coriolanus take the town of Corioli?
493 B.C.
Why was Coriolanus banished from Rome?
Withheld grain from the plebs
With what people from Antium did Coriolanus march on Rome?
Volsci
Where were the Volsci from?
Antium
Who marched on Rome with the Volsci?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
How did Coriolanus die?
Killed by Volsci
What year was the Concilium Plebis Tributum established?
471 B.C.
Between what two rivers was the Battle of Mt. Algidus fought?
Anio and Trerus
What battle was fought between the two rivers Anio and Trerus?
Mt. Algidus
What year did Terentilius Harsa propose the codification of the Twelve Tables?
462 B.C.
Who proposed the codification of the Twelve Tables in 462 B.C.?
Terentilius Harsa
What group of laws did Terentilius Harsa propose the codification of in 462 B.C.?
Twelve Tables
What girl did Appius Claudius Crassus lust after?
Verginia
What office was originally called praetors?
Consul
What year was the position of Military Tribune established?
444 B.C.
What office was established in 444 B.C.?
Military Tribune
What year was the censorship established?
443 B.C.
What office was established in 443 B.C.?
Censor
What body did the Lex Publilia (471 B.C.) establish?
Concilium Plebis Tributum
What year did the Lex Publilia establish the Concilium Plebis Tributum?
471 B.C.
What law established the Concilium Plebis Tributum in 471 B.C.?
Lex Publilia
What city in the corner of Latium did the Romans attempt to seize in 479 B.C.?
Fidenae
What year did the Romans attempt to seize Fidenae before Cossus came along?
479 B.C.
Who led the Aequi at the Battle of Mt. Algidus in 458 B.C.?
Cloelius Gracchus
What tribe did Cloelius Gracchus lead at the Battle of Mt. Algidus in 458 B.C.?
Aequi
What year was the Comitia Tributa established after the passing of the Lex Valeria-Horatia?
449 B.C.
Who was the wife of Cincinnatus?
Racilia
Who refused to receive messengers upon his appointment as dictator until he put on his toga?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Cincinnatus refused to receive messengers with his appointment as dictator until he did what?
Put on his toga
What two years was Cincinnatus elected dictator?
458 and 439 B.C.
Racilia was the wife of what man?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Who fought towards Rome on behalf of the Tarquins?
Lars Porsenna
What two men along with Horatius Cocles defended the Pons Sublicius?
Titus Herminius and Spurius Lartius
What consul of 471 B.C. was the first of the Quinctian family to achieve great distinction in Rome?
Titus Quinctius Barbatus
Who was the fiancé of Verginia?
Lucius Icilius
What fiancée of Icilius was killed by her own father?
Verginia
What year did Titus Quinctius Barbatus hold his first consulship?
471 B.C.
What consul captured Antium in 468 B.C.?
Titus Quinctius Barbatus
What city did Titus Quinctius Barbatus capture in 468 B.C.?
Antium
What year did Titus Quinctius Barbatus capture Antium?
468 B.C.
What consul of 472 B.C. advanced into Aeduian territory when, meeting only light resistance, he pushed too far?
Publius Furius Medullinus
What year did the consul Publius Furius Medullinus advance into the Aeduian territory when, meeting only light resistance, he pushed too far?
472 B.C.
What tribe’s territory did Publius Furius Medullinus push too far into in 472 B.C.?
Aedui
Who was the son of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus who was defended by Titus Quinctius Barbatus in trial?
Caeso Quinctius
How many times was Titus Quinctius Barbatus elected consul?
6
What man was the first to be elected consul 6 times in his life?
Titus Quinctius Barbatus
What consul of 460 B.C. recaptured the Capitol from Appius Herdonius at the cost of his life?
Publius Valerius Publicola II
Publius Valerius Publicola II recaptured the Capitol from what man at the cost of his life?
Appius Herdonius
What year did Publius Valerius Publicola II recapture the Capitol from Appius Herdonius at the cost of his life?
460 B.C.
What does “Cocles” mean?
One-eyed
Who thrust his right hand into fire to prove his bravery?
Mucius Scaevola
What nickname did Mucius Scaevola receive after thrusting his right hand into fire?
Lefty
After being impressed by Cloelia’s bravery, how many of the hostages did Lars Porsenna allow her to free?
Half
What king of Clusium is said to have captured the city of Rome?
Lars Porsenna
Who were the first two consuls?
Lucius Iunius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
Who were the 5 consuls of the year 509 B.C.?
Lucius Iunius Brutus, Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus, Publius Valerius Publicola, Marcus Horatius Pulvillus
How many consuls were there in the year 509 B.C.?
5
Which of the first two consuls stepped down because his family name was Tarquinius?
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
What year was the Battle of Silvia Arsia?
509 B.C.
What year did the Monarchy end?
510 B.C.
What year did the Republic start?
509 B.C.
Who died while fighting against each other in the Battle of Silva Arsia, one from the Roman side, and one from the Tarquinii/Veii side?
Lucius Iunius Brutus and Arruns Tarquinius
Who led the opposing forces at the Battle of Silva Arsia in 509 B.C.?
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus and Arruns Tarquinius
What two consuls led the Romans at the Battle of Silva Arsia in 509 B.C.?
Lucius Iunius Brutus and Publius Valerius Publicola
At what battle did Lucius Iunius Brutus and Arruns Tarquinius die while fighting against each other in 509 B.C.?
Silva Arsia
Which son of Tarquinius Superbus was killed at the Battle of Silva Arsia?
Arruns Tarquinius
What two sons of Brutus were apart of the rebellion within Rome that tried to reinstall Superbus as king?
Titus and Tiberius
With the aid of who did the Battle of Aricia encourage Latin towns to revolt?
Aristodemus
What people were defeated at the Battle of Aricia in 506 B.C.?
Etruscans
Who led the Etruscans at the Battle of Aricia in 506 B.C.?
Lars Porsenna and Arruns Porsenna
Who, along with Lucius Iunius Brutus, Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, and Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus was instrumental in overthrowing the monarchy?
Publius Valerius Publicola
Who completely leveled his house located on the Velian Hill because people thought he was trying to become king and instead built a house on the foot of the hill?
Publius Valerius Publicola
What hill did Publicola build his house on?
Velian
Who ended the year 509 B.C. as Publius Valerius Publicola’s co-consul?
Horatius Pulvillus
Who was the consul suffectus to Collatinus after his resignation?
Publius Valerius Publicola
Who were consular colleagues at the end of 509 B.C.?
Publius Valerius Publicola and Horatius Pulvillus
What famous battle pitted the Romans against the Latin league and Tarquinius Superbus in 496 B.C.?
Lake Regillus
What year was the Battle of Lake Regillus?
496 B.C.
Who led the Latins against Rome at the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 B.C.?
Tarquinius Superbus and Octavius Mamilius
Where did Octavius Mamilius serve as princeps?
Tusculum
Who was the victorious general at the Battle of Aricia in 506 B.C.?
Aristodemus of Cumae
What did Octavius Mamilius serve as in Tusculum?
Princeps
Where did Aristodemus rule as a tyrant?
Cumae
What Syracusan leader of the 4th century established a brief empire in Italy and Sicily?
Dionysius I
What did Etruscans call themselves?
Rasenna
What did the Greeks call Etruscans?
Tyrsenoi (Tyrrhenoi)
What did the Romans call the Etruscans?
Tusci
In what year does Heichelheim say the Battle of Aricia was fought?
504 B.C.
According to Heichelheim, what battle was fought in 504 B.C., though conflicting sources say it was fought two years prior in 506 B.C.?
Aricia
What city and family did Rome fight against at Lake Regillus?
Veii, Tarquinii
Around 485 B.C., what two tribes did the Romans defeat with the aid of the Hernici?
Aequi and Volsci
With the aid of what tribe did the Romans defeat the Aequi and Volsci around 485 B.C.?
Hernici
What principle was evident following the Romans and Hernici’s victory over the Aequi and Volsci in 485 B.C.?
Divide and Rule
In what year did Gaius Marcius Coriolanus march on Rome with the Volsci?
491 B.C.
In what year did the Sabine chief Appius Herdonius capture the Capitol in Rome which he occupied for a few days?
460 B.C.
For how many days did Appius Herdonius hold the Capitol?
3
What Latin neighbors of the Romans crushed the Sabine forces led by Appius Herdonius?
Tusculum
What Sabine leader was crushed by Tusculum in 460 B.C.?
Appius Herdonius
Where did Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus go into voluntary exile?
Lavinium
Who went into voluntary exile at Lavinium?
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
Who was the wife of Lucius Iunius Brutus?
Vitellia
What slave was said to be the first to be emancipated when he revealed the conspiracy of Titus and Tiberius to Lucius Iunius Brutus?
Vindicius
Whose plot did the slave Vindicius reveal to Lucius Iunius Brutus?
(Brutus’ sons) Titus and Tiberius
Who commanded the infantry for the Romans at Silva Arsia?
Publius Valerius Publicola
After the Battle of Silva Arsia, whose voice was heard in the woods saying that “the Romans had killed one more enemy than the Etruscans”?
Silvanus
After what battle was Silvanus’ voice heard in the woods saying that “the Romans had killed one more enemy than the Etruscans”?
Silva Arsia
What shrine now stands where Publius Valerius Publicola’s house sat at the bottom of the Velian?
Via Pota
The shrine of Via Pota now stands where what man’s house sat at the bottom of the Velian Hill?
Publius Valerius Publicola
What city was Publius Valerius Publicola sent to fight when Horatius Pulvillus dedicated the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus?
Veii
Who was sent to fight Veii when Horatius Pulvillus dedicated the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus?
Publius Valerius Publicola
After what temple was dedicated by Horatius Pulvillus was Publicola sent to fight Veii?
Jupiter Capitolinus
What news did Horatius Pulvillus ignore when he was in the midst of praying during the dedication of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
His son died
Who ignored the news of the death of his son because he was busy praying during the dedication of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus?
Horatius Pulvillus
Who were the consuls of 508 B.C.?
Publius Valerius Publicola and Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus
Who was Dictator during the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
To prove that they were gods, whose beard did Castor and Pollux touch after the Battle of Lake Regillus turning it bronze?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
Who was told of the victory at Lake Regillus by the Dioscuri?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
What two mythological brothers appeared to Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus after the Battle of Lake Regillus and touched his beard, turning it bronze?
Castor and Pollux
What color did Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus’ beard turn after the Dioscuri touched it following the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Bronze
In whose courts did Tarquinius Superbus take refuge after the Battle of Lake Regillus where he then died in 495 B.C.?
Aristodemus
Who took refuge in Aristodemus’ courts in Cumae after the Battle of Lake Regillus where he then died in 495 B.C.?
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
What year did Tarquinius Superbus die while in exile at Cumae in the courts of Aristodemus?
495 B.C.
Where did Tarquinius Superbus die while in exile in 495 B.C., in the courts of Aristodemus?
Cumae
What year did Aristodemus die?
490 B.C.
What parade of horsemen, held on July 15, celebrated the victory at Lake Regillus and was revived during the reign of Augustus?
Transvectio Equitum
The Transvectio Equitum was a parade of horsemen which celebrated the victory at which Battle?
Lake Regillus
What emperor revived the Transvectio Equitum?
Augustus
What prince of Tusculum was supposedly descended from Ulysses and Circe?
Octavius Mamilius
What two mythological beings was Octavius Mamilius supposedly descended from?
Ulysses and Circe
In what naval battle did Hiero I lead the Greeks to victory over the Etruscans in 474 B.C.?
Cumae
What Syracusan leader led the Greeks to victory over the Etruscans in 474 B.C. at the Battle of Cumae?
Hiero I
What year did Hiero I lead the Greeks to victory over the Etruscans at the Battle of Cumae?
474 B.C.
What year was the first secession of the Plebs?
494 B.C.
What were the years of the 5 secessions of the plebs?
494, 449, 445, 342, and 287 B.C.
Traditionally, how many secessions of the Plebs were there throughout the history of the republic?
5
In 494 B.C., where did the Plebs secede to?
Aventine (or Mons Sacer, aka the Holy Mountain)
Though some say that the plebs seceded to the Aventine in 494 B.C., they may have gone to what place, known in English as “the Holy Mountain”?
Mons Sacer
Who was the first Magister Equitum?
Spurius Cassius
What three-time consul proposed the first agrarian law in 486 B.C.?
Spurius Cassius
Who was Gaius Marcius Coriolanus’ wife?
Volumnia
Who was Gaius Marcius Coriolanus’ mother?
Veturia
Who was the first Roman Dictator, appointed in 501 B.C.?
Titus Lartius
Who convinced Coriolanus to stop his attack on Rome?
Veturia and Volumnia
What are two possible dates of the Battle of Cremera?
479, 477 B.C.
What two cities fought in the Battle of Cremera?
Rome and Veii
Who was the one Fabii member to survive the Battle of Cremera, only because he was too young to fight?
Fabius Maximus Vibulanus
For what reason did Fabius Maximus Vibulanus survive the Battle of Cremera?
He was too young to fight
What gens were consuls from 485-479 B.C.?
Fabii
What popular council in Rome was changed from a plebeian curiate assembly to a plebeian tribal assembly which indicated that they began organization by tribes?
Concilium Plebis Tributum
What law backed the seizure of public land in the Aventine district for distribution to the needy in 456 B.C.?
Lex Icilia
What year was the Lex Icilia established?
456 B.C.
What law of 454 B.C. limited the size of a fine that a consul could impose?
Lex Aternia-Tarpeia
What year was the Lex Aternia-Tarpeia established?
454 B.C.
What year was the office of Military Tribune held by a plebeian for the first time?
422 B.C.
In what distinguished Volscian’s house did Coriolanus take refuge while in exile?
Attius Tullius Aufidius
Who oversaw the Foedus Cassianum in 493 B.C.?
Spurius Cassius
What year did Spurius Cassius oversee the Foedus Cassianum?
493 B.C.
What consul defeated the Volsci at Antium in 493 B.C.?
Postumus Cominius (Auruncus)
Where did Postumus Cominius Auruncus defeat the Volsci in 493 B.C.?
Antium
What year did Postumus Cominius Auruncus defeat the Volsci at Antium?
493 B.C.
What people were defeated by Postumus Cominius Auruncus at Antium in 493 B.C.?
Volsci
Where did the Volsci take refuge after their defeat by Postumus Cominius Auruncus at Antium in 493 B.C.?
Longula
What people took refuge at Longula after their defeat at Antium by Postumus Cominius Auruncus?
Volsci
Coriolanus’ victory at Corioli overshadowed what consul who also fought there and is only known through a column?
Postumus Cominius Auruncus
Who was told by Jupiter in a dream that the Romans had to restart the Ludus Magnus (Great Games) because the god was displeased with the leading dancer?
Titus Latinius
What games had to be restarted because Jupiter told Titus Latinius he was displeased with the lead dancer?
Ludus Magnus (Great Games)
What did Jupiter tell Titus Latinius he was displeased with during the Ludus Magnus, prompting the Romans to restart the games?
Lead dancer
The Volsci marched on Rome in 491 B.C. because they were thrown out of the city during what event?
Ludus Magnus
What year did the Volsci march on Rome because they were thrown out of the city during the Ludus Magnus?
491 B.C.
What people marched on Rome when they were thrown out of the city during the Ludus Magnus?
Volsci
Where did Attius Tullius Aufidius rally the Volsci after they were thrown out of Rome?
Fidenae
Who rallied the Volsci at Fidenae after they were thrown out of Rome?
Attius Tullius Aufidius
What town did Coriolanus first take during his march on Rome in 491 B.C.?
Circeii
What year did Coriolanus take Circeii?
491 B.C.
Who took Circeii in 491 B.C.?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
Where did Coriolanus position himself 5 miles outside Rome during his march on the city?
Cluilian Trenches
Who positioned his army in the Cluilian Trenches, 5 miles outside of Rome, during his march on the city?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
What class did Coriolanus spare from any destruction during his march on Rome?
Patricians
Who spared the Patricians from destruction during his march on Rome?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
Who were the two consuls of 491 B.C. during Coriolanus’ siege of Rome?
Nautius and Furius
Who joined Veturia and Volumnia in their persuading of Coriolanus to cease his attack?
Coriolanus’ two sons
What temple was consecrated to preserve the memory of Coriolanus ceasing his attack on Rome?
Fortuna Muleibris
The Temple of Fortuna Muleibris was consecrated to preserve the memory of what man ceasing his attack on Rome?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
What temple was built over Spurius Cassius’ destroyed house?
Tellus
The Temple of Tellus was built over what man’s destroyed house?
Spurius Cassius
Who did the Concilium Plebis Tributum elect?
Plebeian Tribunes and Plebeian Aediles
What council elected the plebeian tribunes and aediles?
Concilium Plebis Tributum
What famous battle pitted the Romans against the Aequi?
Mt. Algidus
Who was nominated dictator and led a relief effort to rescue Lucius Minucius Esquilinus’ army which had been trapped?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
What consul got trapped at Mt. Algidus and was later saved by Cincinnatus in 458 B.C.?
Lucius Minucius Esquilinus (Augurinus)
Who retired his dictatorship and returned to his plow after sixteen days?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
After how many days of being dictator did Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus retire back to his plow?
16
What did the name Cincinnatus mean?
Curly haired
When were the 12 tables written?
451 B.C.
What group wrote the 12 tables?
Decemviri
What man lusted after Verginia, a girl whose father, Verginius, was a respected centurion?
Appius Claudius Crassus
Who killed Verginia?
Verginius
What year did the plebs secede for the 2nd time?
449 B.C.
What law of 449 B.C. ended the second secession of the plebs?
Lex Valeria-Horatia
What two consuls ended the 2nd secession of the plebs with further laws in favor of the plebs in 449 B.C.?
Lucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus Horatius Barbatus
What year was the lex Canuleia made?
445 B.C.
Who passed the Lex Canuleia in 445 B.C.?
Gaius Canuleius
Who ended the 3rd secession of the plebs?
Gaius Canuleius
Who won the 2nd spolia opima?
Aulus Cornelius Cossus
Who did Aulus Cornelius Cossus slay to win the 2nd Spolia Opima?
Lars Tolumnius
What people was Tolumnius king of?
Veientes
What Roman colony allied themselves with Lars Tolumnius of Veii in 439 B.C.?
Fidenae
What year was the 2nd ever spolia opima awarded?
426 B.C.
What year was the Battle of Algidus Pass?
431 B.C.
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Algidus Pass in 431 B.C.?
Aulus Postumius Tubertus
What was the last major Battle against the Aequi?
Algidus Pass
According to Polybius, what year did Rome negotiate a treaty with Carthage for the first time?
509 B.C.
According to Polybius, with who did Rome negotiate a treaty for the first time in 509 B.C.?
Carthage
Where did Lucius Iunius Brutus travel to along with Tarqiunius Superbus and his other sons Titus and Arruns after the Rape of Lucretia?
Oracle of Delphi
What two sons of Tarquinius Superbus went with him and Lucius Iunius Brutus to the Oracle of Delphi after the Rape of Lucretia?
Titus and Arruns
What consul accompanied Tarquinius Superbus and his two sons to the Oracle of Delphi after the Rape of Lucretia?
Lucius Iunius Brutus
Who were the 3 sons of Tarquinius Superbus?
Sextus, Titus, and Arruns
Which of the young men kissed his mother (the earth) first, gaining the supreme sway of Rome?
Lucius Iunius Brutus
After travelling to the Oracle of Delphi, the men there were told that the first among them to kiss their mother “shall hold supreme sway in Rome”. Which of the men there interpreted “mother” to mean Gaia, and so pretended to trip and kiss the ground?
Lucius Iunius Brutus
Where did Sextus Tarquinius flee to after raping Lucretia, where he wished to become king but was later killed for his past actions?
Gabii
What office replaced the kings during the Republic?
Consul
Why did Lucius Iunius Brutus travel to the Oracle of Delphi with Tarquinius Superbus and Superbus’ two sons, Titus and Arruns?
He saw a snake in the palace
What two sons of Brutus were exiled for trying to reinstall Superbus as king?
Titus and Tiberius
What year was the Battle of Aricia?
506 B.C.
What Sabine chieftain was persuaded by Publicola to migrate his clan to Rome in 504 B.C., where he was admitted to the patriciate and his people received Roman citizenship?
Attius Clausus
What year did Attius Clausus migrate to Rome where he was admitted to the patriciate?
504 B.C.
Who became consul in place of Brutus?
Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus
Who was consul 4 times and received the agnomen “Poplicola” meaning “friend of the people”?
Publius Valerius Publicola
The money would be a public menace in the hands of any one person, so Publius Valerius Publicola entrusted it to what god thus making his temple in the Roman Forum the Roman treasury?
Saturn
What brother of Publicola did the people elect as consul?
Marcus Valerius Volusus
What brother of his did Publius Valerius Publicola go to war with against the Sabines?
Marcus Valerius Volusus
What city was Attius Clausus originally from?
Regillus
Who was killed when he charged on horseback at Tarquinius Superbus to “avenge” his brother at Lake Regillus?
Marcus Valerius Volusus
Marcus Valerius Volusus was killed while charging whom on horseback at Lake Regillus?
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
With what was Titus Herminius mortally wounded after slaying Octavius Mamilius on horseback?
Javelin
Who slayed Octavius Mamilius on horseback at the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Titus Herminius
Who did Titus Herminius slay before being mortally wounded at the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Octavius Mamilius
Who did Verginius and Vetusius appoint as dictator in 494 B.C. against the plebs?
Manlius Valerius
What year was the dictator Manlius Valerius appointed against the plebs?
494 B.C.
What man suggested to the plebs that they secede to the Mons Sacer?
Sicinius
Sicinius suggested to the plebs that they secede to where?
Aventine hill (or Mons Sacer, aka the Holy Mountain)
What law of 509 B.C. gave plebeians the right to provocatio?
Lex Valeria
What year was the first Lex Valeria passed, with which, the plebeians were given the right to provocatio?
509 B.C.
What was the term for the plebeians’ right to appeal the decision of a magistrate?
Provocatio
What name did Attius Clausus take when he arrived at Rome in 504 B.C.?
Appius Claudius
Where were laws kept before the Tabularium was built?
Temple of Saturn
In what year was the Temple of Saturn built?
496 B.C. (497 B.C.)
What temple was built in 497 B.C.?
Temple of Saturn
What festival was first made a public holiday in 497 B.C. by Aulus Sempronius and Marcus Minucius?
Saturnalia
What year was the Saturnalia festival first made public?
497 B.C.
What did the agnomen “Poplicola” mean?
Friend of the people
How many times did Publicola serve as consul in all?
4
What agnomen, meaning “friend of the people” did Publicola earn?
Poplicola
Where did the Romans supposedly see Castor and Pollux in 496 B.C.?
Spring of Juturna
Who killed Octavius Mamilius at the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 B.C.?
Titus Herminius
Who was killed by Titus Herminius at the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 B.C.?
Octavius Mamilius
According to legend, in what battle did the Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux) assist Rome?
Lake Regillus
What treaty did Spurius Cassius negotiate in 493 B.C. with the Latins which provided for a common defense drawn from both the Latin League and Rome?
Foedus Cassianum
What year did Spurius Cassius negotiate the Foedus Cassianum with the Latins?
493 B.C.
Who negotiated the Foedus Cassianum in 493 B.C. with the Latins after the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Spurius Cassius
What did the Plebs do when they seceded to the Aventine Hill?
Threatened to build a new town
During which of the 5 secessions of the plebs did they threaten to build a new town?
First
Who convinced the Plebs to return from the secession with his parable of “The Belly and the Limbs”?
Menenius Agrippa
What was Menenius Agrippa’s parable called?
The Belly and the Limbs
What religious office overshadowed the Rex Sacrorum?
Pontifex Maximus
What was a dictator originally called?
Magister Populi
What law, made in 494 B.C. established the tribuneship?
Lex Sacrata
What year was the office of tribune created due to the Lex Sacrata?
494 B.C.
What office was formed as a result of the Lex Sacrata in 494 B.C.?
Tribune
Who earned his cognomen in 493 B.C. by taking the Volscian town of Corioli?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
In what year was Spurius Cassius killed for “regal aspirations”?
485 B.C.
Who was killed for “regal aspirations” in 485 B.C.?
Spurius Cassius
What did the Nexum state?
A lender could execute a debtor
What was the original job of an aedile?
Temple watcher
What law of 494 B.C. bound the plebeians to a sworn confederacy?
Lex Sacrata
With whom did the Romans establish a divide and conquer technique against the Aedui and the Volsci?
Hernici
Who became consul suffectus to Lucius Iunius Brutus when he died at Silva Arsia?
Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus
At what battle did Lucius Iunius Brutus die?
Silvia Arsia
What year did Lucius Iunius Brutus die at Silvia Arsia?
509 B.C.
What consul died at Silvia Arsia in 509 B.C.?
Lucius Iunius Brutus
Who was the consul suffectus to Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus after the old man died within a few days of becoming consul?
Horatius Pulvillus
After how many days of being consul did Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus die?
3
What old man died a few days after becoming consul in the year 509 B.C.?
Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus
Where was a statue to Horatius Cocles placed for his honor?
Comitium
What year did Gaius Marcius earn the cognomen “Coriolanus” when he took the Volscian town of Corioli?
493 B.C.
Who did Horatius Cocles pray to as he fell with the Pons Sublicius?
Tiberinus
Who prayed to Tiberinus as he fell with the Pons Sublicius?
Horatius Cocles
Who lied 2 miles outside the Gabinian Road in order to drive out Lars Porsenna?
Titus Herminius
Titus Herminius lied 2 miles outside the Gabinian Road in order to drive out what man?
Lars Porsenna
2 miles outside what road did Titus Herminius lie in order to drive out Lars Porsenna?
Gabinian Road
Who was stationed at the Colline Gate in order to drive out Lars Porsenna?
Spurius Lartius
Where was Spurius Lartius stationed in order to drive out Lars Porsenna?
Colline Gate
Spurius Lartius was stationed at the Colline Gate in order to drive out what man?
Lars Porsenna
Who was granted a land west of the river known as the “Mucian Meadows”?
Mucius Scaevola
Mucius Scaevola was granted a land west of the river known as what?
Mucian Meadows
What two peoples aided the Romans against Arruns Porsenna at Aricia in 506 B.C.?
Cumaeans and Latins
At what battle did the Cumaeans and Latins aid Rome against Arruns Porsenna in 506 B.C.?
Aricia
How many times was Publius Valerius Publicola elected consul?
4
On the further side of what river was Attius Clausus settled?
Anio
Who was settled on the further side of the Anio River?
Attius Clausus
What consul was so poor that he could not pay for his own funeral?
Publius Valerius Publicola
Who was the first Magister Equitum under Titus Lartius in 501 B.C.?
Spurius Cassius
What Roman general had to retire from the Battle of Lake Regillus after simultaneously wounding both himself and Octavius Mamilius?
Aebutius Elva
Who wounded both Octavius Mamilius and himself, prompting him to retire from the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Aebutius Elva
At what battle did Aebutius Elva wound both Octavius Mamilius and himself, prompting him to retire from the battle?
Lake Regillus
Who did Aebutius Elva wound along with himself?
Octavius Mamilius
What king of Rome was Gaius Marcius Coriolanus descended from?
Ancus Marcius
What honorary round wreath made of connected branches and leaves of the bay laurel did Gaius Marcius Coriolanus earn?
Oakleaf garland
What people was Gaius Marcius Coriolanus commander of?
Volsci
After his success against the Volsci, who was said to have been very anti-plebeian?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
At what battle did Gaius Marcius Coriolanus win his spurs?
Lake Regillus
What general won his spurs at the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
While in exile, Gaius Marcius Coriolanus was contacted by what Volscian leader?
Attius Tullius Aufidius
Who, while in exile, was contacted by the Volscian leader Attius Tullius Aufidius?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
When there was a famine in Rome during the time of Coriolanus, what tyrant of Syracuse might have sent grain to Rome to spite the Etruscans with whom he was feuding?
Hiero I
Who was the Magister Equitum at the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Aebutius Elva
Who did Rome conclude a treaty with in 486 B.C.?
Hernici
What year did Rome conclude a treaty with the Hernici?
486 B.C.
What clan volunteered to fight in the Battle of Cremera but was nearly wiped out?
Fabii
What year was the “Concilium Plebis Tributum”?
471 B.C.
At what battle were all but a child of Rome’s Fabii family slaughtered by the Etruscan Veientes?
Cremera
In what year did Rome sign its first treaty with Carthage?
509 B.C.
Rome signed its first treaty with what city in 509 B.C.?
Carthage
Who was the son of Lars Porsenna?
Arruns Porsenna
What son of Lars Porsenna was defeated at the Battle of Aricia in 506 B.C.?
Arruns Porsenna
What tribe slaughtered all but one of the Fabii at the Battle of Cremera in 477 B.C.?
Veientes
What law of 471 B.C. recognized the constitutional existence of the Concilium Plebis Tributum?
Lex Publilia
What year was the first Lex Publilia passed?
471 B.C.
What Sabine captured Rome and occupied the citadel on the Capitoline for a brief period in 460 B.C.?
Appius Herdonius
Of what origin was Appius Herdonius?
Sabine
What year did Appius Herdonius occupy the Capitoline for a brief period?
460 B.C.
What year was the Battle of Mt. Algidus?
458 B.C.
What law of 456 B.C. granted land on the Aventine to the plebeians?
Lex Icilia
The Lex Icilia granted land upon what hill to the plebeians in 456 B.C.?
Aventine
Who was the chief of the Decemviri?
Appius Claudius Crassus
What tribune first proposed the 12 tables in 462 B.C.?
Terentilius Harsa
What year did Terentilius Harsa first propose the 12 tables?
462 B.C.
What law of 445 B.C. made it legal for plebeians and patricians to intermarry?
Lex Canuleia
Of what tribe was Lars Tolumnius king?
Veientes
What town did Aulus Cornelius Cossus take in 426 B.C. before killing Tolumnius?
Fidenae
What year did Aulus Cornelius Cossus take Fidenae before going on to kill Lars Tolumnius?
426 B.C.
Who took Fidenae in 426 B.C.?
Aulus Cornelius Cossus
Who killed Lars Tolumnius in 426 B.C., earning himself the Spolia Opima?
Aulus Cornelius Cossus
In 483 B.C., what Vestal Virgin was condemned by the haruspex of unchastity and was executed?
Oppia
What year was the Vestal Virgin Oppia condemned by the Haruspex of unchastity and was executed for it?
483 B.C.
What city did the Fabii march against in 477 B.C.?
Veii
How many members of Fabii marched against Veii in 477 B.C.?
306
What did the Fabii see which led to the ambush by the Veientes at Cremera?
Cattle
What gens saw cattle which led to the ambush by the Veientes at Cremera?
Fabii
What decree for the suspension of public business did the senate enact in 465 B.C. because of the Aequi?
Justitium
Because of what tribe did the Senate enact the Justitium in 465 B.C.?
Aequi
What year did the Senate enact the Justitium?
465 B.C.
What ceremony did Titus Quinctius Barbatus perform to end the Justitium in 465 B.C.?
Lustrum
Who performed the ceremony known as “Lustrum” to end the Justitium in 465 B.C.?
Titus Quinctius Barbatus
What decree was ended when Titus Quinctius performed the ceremony known as “Lustrum” in 465 B.C.?
Justitium
What general subdued the Aequi in 464 B.C. while saving Furius’ army?
Titus Quinctius Barbatus
What year did the general Titus Quinctius Barbatus subdue the Aequi while saving Furius’ army?
464 B.C.
What tribe did Titus Quinctius Barbatus subdue while saving Furius’ army in 464 B.C.?
Aequi
How many days did the Justitium last in 465 B.C.?
4
How many commissioners did the tribune Terentilius Harsa propose the use of in 462 B.C. to control the consuls?
5
Who proposed the use of 5 commissioners to control the senate in 462 B.C.?
Terentilius Harsa
In 461 B.C., what gigantic Roman warrior did Patricians use to subdue the mobs that were influenced by Terentilius Harsa?
Caeso Quinctius
What year did the Patricians use Caeso Quinctius to subdue the mobs that were influenced by Terentilius Harsa?
461 B.C.
Who was the father of Caeso Quinctius who pleaded to the people to spare his son?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Who told the mob that his own brother was killed by Caeso Quinctius which led to the latter’s condemnation?
Volscius Fictor
Volscius Fictor told the mob that his own brother was killed by whom, which led to the latter’s condemnation?
Caeso Quinctius
Where did Caeso Quinctius flee to the night before his trial?
Etruria
Who were the consuls of 460 B.C. when Appius Herdonius seized the Capitol?
Publius Valerius Publicola II and Claudius Sabinus
What man rallied the town of Tusculum to go to the aid of Rome during Appius Herdonius’ siege in 460 B.C.?
Lucius Mamilius (son of Octavius Mamilius)
What town came to the aid of Rome under Lucius Mamilius (son of Octavius Mamilius) after Appius Herdonius had taken the Capitol in 460 B.C.?
Tusculum
Who declared that no one should vote for him for the consulship of 459 B.C. and if anyone did, their vote would be discounted?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
What year did Cincinnatus declare that no one should vote for him for the consulship and that if anyone did, their vote would be discounted?
459 B.C.
What consul of 459 B.C. slaughtered a contingent of Aequi on the slopes of Mt. Algidus?
Fabius Maximus Vibulanus
What tribe did the consul Fabius Maximus Vibulanus slaughter on the slopes of Mt. Algidus in 459 B.C.?
Aequi
What year did the consul Fabius Maximus Vibulanus slaughter a contingent of Aequi on the slopes of Mt. Algidus?
459 B.C.
Where did Fabius Maximus Vibulanus camp after defeating the Aequi at Mt. Algidus in 459 B.C.?
Columen
Whose headquarters were shaded by an enormous oak tree on Mt. Algidus?
Cloelius Gracchus
On what mountain was Cloelius Gracchus’ headquarters located, which were shaded by an enormous oak tree?
Mt. Algidus
What were Cloelius Gracchus’ headquarters shaded by?
An enormous oak tree
According to St. Augustine, how many acres large was Cincinnatus’ farm?
4
Who did Cincinnatus appoint as his Magister Equitum in 458 B.C.?
Lucius Tarquitius
What year did Cincinnatus appoint Lucius Tarquitius as his Magister Equitum?
458 B.C.
What year did the decemviri take office?
451 B.C.
Who many “tables” were originally instituted in 450 B.C.?
10
What was the number of “tables” upped to in 449 B.C.?
12
What year were 10 tables instituted?
450 B.C.
What year were the number of “tables” upped to 12?
449 B.C.
What group did the consuls Lucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus Horatius Barbatus compare to “10 Tarquins”?
Decemviri
What did the consuls Lucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus Horatius Barbatus compare the Decemviri to?
10 Tarquins
What year did Lucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus Horatius Barbatus serve as consular colleagues?
449 B.C.
What two consuls compared the Decemviri to “10 Tarquins”?
Lucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus Horatius Barbatus
In what year was Verginia killed?
449 B.C.
To what ex-tribune was Verginia betrothed?
Lucius Icilius
What pimp did Appius Claudius Crassus send to take Verginia as his own slave?
Marcus Claudius
Who sent the pimp Marcus Claudius to take Verginia as his own slave? (not as Marcus Claudius’ slave)
Appius Claudius Crassus
Who was Verginia’s uncle?
Numitorius
Where did Verginius kill Verginia with a butcher’s knife?
Sacrum Cloacina
Who was killed by her father at the Sacrum Cloacina?
Verginia
In 443 B.C., in what town was there a civil war because of a girl who was loved by a poor man and a nobleman?
Ardea
What year was there a civil war in Ardea because of a girl who was loved by a poor man and a nobleman?
443 B.C.
What city did the aristocrats of Ardea call in to help them as they were being sieged in 443 B.C.?
Rome
What Volscian leader led his tribe on Ardea to aid the popular party in 443 B.C.?
Cluilius
What consul marched to Ardea and dug a trench around the Volsci who were sieging the town in 443 B.C.?
Geganius
What people inhabited Ardea?
Rutulians
Who was Cincinnatus’ Magister Equitum in 439 B.C.?
Servilius Ahala
What was unusual about Aulus Cornelius Cossus’ Spolia Opima victory?
Cavalry duel
Who won the Spolia Opima in a cavalry duel?
Aulus Cornelius Cossus
What year did Cossus slay Tolumnius?
426 B.C.
In 432 B.C., a law was passed making it so what toga was no longer white?
Toga Candida
Who did Titus Quinctius Barbatus appoint as dictator in 431 B.C.?
Aulus Postumius Tubertus
On what body part was the dictator Aulus Postumius Tubertus wounded at the Second Battle of Mt. Algidus?
Shoulder
What Volscian fighter rallied his troops at the Second Battle of Mt. Algidus in 431 B.C. which led to the injuries of many Roman commanders?
Vettius Messius
The consul Gnaeus Julius Mento dedicated what temple in 431 B.C. in honor of the victory at the Second Battle of Mt. Algidus?
Temple of Apollo
What consul dedicated the Temple of Apollo in 431 B.C. in honor of the Second Battle of Mt. Algidus?
Gnaeus Julius Mento
What Military Tribune was stoned to death by the mob in 414 B.C. after he had insulted Rome and been unfaithful to his troops?
Postumius Regillensis
Carthaginians were also known as Tyrians because Carthage was at first a colony of what origin?
Phoenician
What were Carthaginians known as at first because Carthage was originally a Phoenician colony?
Tyrians
What people are also called “Tyrians” because their city was originally a Phoenician colony?
Carthaginians
What people originally founded Carthage?
Phoenicians
Who bestowed Gaius Marcius Coriolanus with an oak-leaf crown for his bravery during the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Postumus Cominius Auruncus
Who was bestowed with an oak-leaf crown, by Postumus Cominius, for his bravery in the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus was bestowed with an oak-leaf crown by Postumus Cominius for his bravery in what battle?
Lake Regillus
What Roman consul was awarded the first Triumph of the Republic after commanding the infantry at the Battle of Silva Arsia in 509 B.C.?
Publius Valerius Publicola
What two consuls led the Romans at the Battle of Silva Arsia?
Lucius Iunius Brutus and Publius Valerius Publicola
For his victory in what battle was Publius Valerius Publicola awarded the first Triumph of the Republic?
Silva Arsia
What year did Publius Valerius Publicola die?
503 B.C.
What was the fate of Appius Claudius Crassus?
Committed suicide
How did Appius Claudius Crassus die?
Suicide
What was the Latin term for the office which was created from the 1st Plebeian Secession?
Tribunus Plebis
What is another name for the office of Magister Populi?
Dictator
Which law affected the replacement of consuls with military tribunes?
Lex Canuleia
Although the dictator Mamercus Aemilius was granted a triumph, who claimed the Spolia Opima?
Aulus Cornelius Cossus
What dictator was granted a triumph, though Aulus Cornelius Cossus claimed the Spolia Opima?
Mamercus Aemilius
What Roman general argued that grain should only be distributed if pro-plebeian legislation was reversed?
Gaius Marcius Coriolanus
What official established the calendar for the year?
Pontifex Maximus
Which comitia elected the consuls?
Comitia Centuriata
What word did a tribune use to proclaim his veto?
Intercedo
Which official had the right of intercedo?
Tribune
How many enemy soldiers did a Roman army have to kill in battle to win its commander a triumph?
5000
What council did the Lex Valeria-Horatia create?
Concilium Plebis
What law created the Concilium Plebis?
Lex Valeria-Horatia
From the years 444-367 B.C., what office was not held in Rome?
Consul
Tarquinius Superbus secured the aid of Lars Porsenna after what indecisive battle against Rome?
Silva Arsia
Whose aid did Tarquinius Superbus secure after the indecisive Battle at Silva Arsia in 509 B.C.?
Lars Porsenna
Which magistrate managed the contracts of the publicani and for building viae?
Censor
What was the position of consul originally called?
Praetor
For most of the years between 444-367 B.C., which magistrates were elected in place of consuls?
Tribuni Militum Consulari Potestaste
What man of the early republic was made prefect of the city when Brutus left for Ardea?
Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus
Spurius Cassius was the first to hold what position in Rome?
Magister Equitum
From what city did the Romans adopt the gods Castor and Pollux, after the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Tusculum
To where did Coriolanus flee, after which he brought the Volsci to the gates of Rome?
Antium
Who was the only man to serve on both commissions of the decemviri legibus scribundis?
Appius Claudius Crassus
In what year did Titus Lartius become Rome’s first dictator?
501 B.C.
After he relieved a grain shortage out of his own pocket, who was denounced by Lucius Minucius Augurinus as a tyrant and later killed by Gaius Servilius Ahala in 439 B.C.?
Spurius Maelius
Who alerted the senate of Spurius Maelius’ uprising in 439 B.C.?
Lucius Minucius Augurinus
What year did Spurius Maelius buy up a large amount of grain and sell it at low prices during a severe famine?
439 B.C.
An ox with golden horns was presented to Lucius Minucius Augurinus at what location in 439 B.C.?
Porta Trigemina
The presentation of an ox with golden horns was presented to what man at the Porta Trigemina in 439 B.C.?
Lucius Minucius Augurinus
For what reason was Spurius Maelius arrested in 440 B.C.?
Bought up a large amount of grain and sold it at low prices during a severe famine
Who was arrested for buying up a large amount of grain and selling it at low prices during a severe famine?
Spurius Maelius
Who relieved a grain shortage out of his own pocket in 439 B.C., but was later killed because he was suspected of wanting to become tyrant?
Spurius Maelius
What Magister Equitum assassinated Spurius Maelius in 439 B.C.?
Gaius Servilius Ahala
What position did Gaius Servilius Ahala hold when he assassinated Spurius Maelius?
Magister Equitum
During whose consulship was Spurius Maelius killed in 439 B.C.?
Titus Quinctius Barbatus
In what year was Cincinnatus appointed to the dictatorship for a second time to combat the uprising of Maelius?
439 B.C.
The house of Spurius Maelius was destroyed and now possesses what name as a reminder of the plot that failed?
Aequimaelium
Whose house was destroyed and is now known as Aequimaelium as a reminder of the plot that failed?
Spurius Maelius
Where was Aulus Postumius Albinus said to have built a temple in Castor and Pollux’s name?
Forum Romanum/Where their horses watered
How many consulships did Fabius Maximus Vibulanus hold in all?
3
What law provided for the election of tribuni militum consulari potestate?
Lex Canuleia
What legislation had barred plebeians from marrying patricians?
Twelve Tables
To what temple was a man’s goods consecrated if he harmed a tribune or aedile after he was put to death? (Iovi Sacrum)
Temple of Ceres, Liber, Libera
Resolutions of the senate or “senatus consultus” were put in what temple under the care of the aediles?
Temple of Ceres
In what year was the Temple to Ceres, Liber, and Libera constructed on the Aventine?
495 B.C.
On what hill was the Temple of Ceres, Liber, and Libera located?
Aventine
How did Lucretia die?
Suicide
Who was the mother of Lucius Iunius Brutus?
Tarquinia (daughter of Tarquinius Priscus)
Upon what hill was a statue of Lucius Iunius Brutus placed following his death?
Capitoline
Who persuaded Attius Clausus to migrate his clan to Rome in 504 B.C.?
Publius Valerius Publicola
Whose accomplishment did Livy call “more famous than credible”?
Horatius Cocles
What son of Attius Clausus served as Titus Quinctius Barbatus’ consular colleague in 471 B.C.?
Appius Claudius
Titus Quinctius Barbatus once ordered that what consular colleague of his be removed from the forum, by force, if need be, as he was haranguing the mob which was threatening to tear him to pieces in 471 B.C.?
Appius Claudius (son of Attius Clausus)
What veteran general’s pleas allowed Caeso Quinctius to escape into exile?
Titus Quinctius Barbatus
Who was the consular colleague of Titus Quinctius Barbatus in 439 B.C.?
Menenius Agrippa
Titus Quinctius Barbatus fought the Etruscans under what military tribune of 438 B.C.?
Mamercus Aemilius
Who were the two sons of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus?
Caeso and Lucius
Who set up home in an abandoned cottage near the city after he sold everything in order to bail out his son Caeso?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Who was appointed to replace the consul Publius Valerius Publicola II following his death at the hands of the Sabines in 460 B.C.?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
What does Livy suggest Cincinnatus was doing when a delegation went to summon him?
Digging a ditch
Around 454 B.C., before the 12 tables were established, a delegation of Romans traveled to Athens to study that city’s laws which had previously been codified by what lawmaker around 590 B.C.?
Solon
What year did the Romans send a delegation to Athens to study that city’s laws which had previously been codified by Solon, in order to better prepare themselves for the writing of the 12 tables?
454 B.C.
A delegation of Romans was sent in 454 B.C. to study the laws codified by Solon in Athens in order to better prepare themselves for the writing of what code of laws?
Twelve Tables
After Verginius fought his way out of the city following his murder of Verginia, the populace withdrew from the city in disgust and camped on what hill?
Janiculum
What had Appius Claudius Crassus called the prison in which he was thrown, prior to his suicide?
The working men’s quarters
Who had called the prison in which he was thrown “the working men’s quarters”?
Appius Claudius Crassus
Appius Claudius Crassus committed suicide following the failed impassioned plea by what uncle (or brother) of his?
Gaius Claudius
What soldier and statesman was responsible for the capturing of Veii in 396 B.C.?
Marcus Furius Camillus
Who brought the large statue of Juno Regina to Rome from Veii?
Marcus Furius Camillus
A large statue of what patron goddess of Veii was brought to Rome by Marcus Furius Camillus in 396 B.C. after he pillaged the city?
Juno Regina
What year was the Temple of Juno Regina finally completed on the Aventine, where the Romans set up the statue of her which they discovered in Veii in 396 B.C.?
392 B.C.
Upon what hill was the Temple of Juno Regina constructed in 392 B.C.?
Aventine
What year did Marcus Furius Camillus capture the city of Falerii?
394 B.C.
Who captured the city of Falerii in 394 B.C.?
Marcus Furius Camillus
What people inhabited the city of Falerii?
Faliscans
While Marcus Furius Camillus was in exile at Ardea, which of the Fabii felt free to join the Clusians in fighting the Gauls?
Fabius Maximus Ambustus
During the Gallic attack, what man is said to have helped in the evacuation of the Vestal Virgins?
Lucius Albinius
During the Gallic attack, Lucius Albinius is said to have helped what group in evacuating?
Vestal Virgins
At what battle of 361 B.C. did the dictator Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus fight a group of Gauls who had encamped near the Via Salaria?
Anio River
What year was the Battle of Anio River?
361 B.C.
What dictator fought a group of Gauls in the Battle of Anio River who had encamped near the Via Salaria in 361 B.C.?
Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus
What were the dates of the 10-year siege over Veii?
405-396 B.C.
Who was proclaimed “Pater Patriae” and “Second Founder of Rome”?
Marcus Furius Camillus
What Senonian chieftain lead the Gauls to defeat the Romans at the Battle of Allia River then advanced to Rome and captured all of it except for the Capitoline Hill?
Brennus
After Brennus defeated the Romans at Allia River, he then advanced into Rome and captured all of it except for what part?
Capitoline Hill
Along with the unending feud with the Volsci, Rome suffered both a plague and a famine so severe that what tyrant of Sicily supposedly sent relief supplies of grain to Rome around 412 B.C.?
Dionysius I
Where was Dionysius I tyrant?
Sicily
According to legend, who was awoken by the sacred geese of Juno and rallied the Romans on the Capitoline Hill?
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
What did Brennus say after the Romans tried to pay him off with 1,000 pounds weight in gold?
Vae victis
What does the infamous saying “vae victis” mean?
Woe to the conquered
For how long did Brennus occupy Rome?
7 months
The dispute over the scales used to measure the gold gave time for who to rally an army and save the city from Brennus?
Marcus Furius Camillus
The dispute over what gave Marcus Furius Camillus time to rally an army and save the city from Brennus?
The scales used to measure the gold
What year was the Battle of Veii?
396 B.C.
What color did Marcus Furius Camillus paint himself, like Jupiter, for his triumph?
Red
What year was the Lex Licinia-Sextia passed?
367 B.C.
What two tribunes passed the Lex Licinia-Sextia?
Licinius Stolo and Sextius Lateranus
Who was the first plebeian military tribune?
Licinius Stolo
What did the Lex Licinia-Sextia do?
One of the two consuls could be a plebeian
What year was the Battle of Allia River?
390 B.C.
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Allia River in 390 B.C.?
Marcus Manlius Torquatus
At what battle of 390 B.C. did Marcus Manlius Torquatus lead the Romans?
Allia River
Who was the first praetor of Rome?
Marcus Furius Camillus
Where did Marcus Furius Camillus go into exile in 395 B.C.?
Ardea
What famous Roman general was exiled to Ardea but returned to help combat the invasion of Gauls?
Marcus Furius Camillus
What year did Marcus Furius Camillus go into exile at Ardea?
395 B.C.
What town other than Veii did Marcus Furius Camillus take?
Falerii
How many times was Marcus Furius Camillus dictator?
5
What city did Brennus threaten before the Battle of Allia River?
Clusium
What Gallic chieftain threatened Clusium before going on to defeat the Romans at Allia River?
Brennus
Of what tribe was Brennus the chief?
Senones
What city during the Gallic attack provided refuge for the Vestal Virgins?
Caere
What city helped pay the Gallic ransom for Rome?
Massilia
What city became the first Roman municipium in 381 B.C.?
Tusculum
What year did Tusculum become the first Roman municipium?
381 B.C.
What Roman statesman lived long enough to vow a temple to Concord?
Marcus Furius Camillus
What year is Marcus Furius Camillus said to have vowed the Temple of Concord?
367 B.C.
What temple is said to be the earliest vowed?
Temple of Concord
Who vowed the Temple of Concord in 367 B.C.?
Marcus Furius Camillus
What temple did Marcus Furius Camillus vow in 367 B.C.?
Temple of Concord
Who was the first to institute payment for soldiers?
Marcus Furius Camillus
What city did the Romans take by digging tunnels under the walls of it?
Veii
Who was the first plebeian consul?
Sextius Lateranus
What year was the first plebeian consul, Sextius Lateranus, in office?
366 B.C.
What were the dates where military tribunes with consular power were elected?
444-367 B.C.
The years 444-367 B.C. were the years where what were elected with consular power?
Military tribunes
Who was the first plebeian to hold the office of dictator?
Marcius Rutilus
Who was the first plebeian to hold the office of censor?
Marcius Rutilus
Marcius Rutilus was the first plebeian to hold what two offices?
Dictator and Censor
Who earned his cognomen by defeating a giant Gallic warrior in single combat who was wearing an ornamental neck-chain called a “torques” in 361 B.C.?
Marcus Manlius Torquatus
What ornamental neck-chain was a giant Gallic warrior wearing when Marcus Manlius Torquatus defeated him in single combat in 361 B.C.?
Torques
What year did Marcus Manlius Torquatus defeat a giant Gallic warrior in single combat?
361 B.C.
What year was the first plebeian dictator, Marcius Rutilus, in office?
356 B.C.
What year was the first plebian censor, Marcius Rutilus, in office?
351 B.C.
Who was the first plebeian to hold the office of praetor?
Publilius Philo
What year was the first plebian praetor, Publilius Philo, in office?
337 B.C.
Who was the first plebeian to hold the office of Pontifex Maximus, though this feat wasn’t achieved until the year 254 B.C.?
Tiberius Coruncanius
What nearly impregnable town was located on a steep rock but eventually fell to Camillus in 396 B.C.?
Veii
Upon what was Veii located?
Steep rock
Who was responsible for capturing Veii in a siege that lasted from 405-396 B.C.?
Marcus Furius Camillus
From what years did the siege of Veii last?
405-396 B.C.
Who was exiled in 395 B.C. following accusations of the misappropriation of spoils and the disappearance of the Bronze Gates of Veii?
Marcus Furius Camillus
Marcus Furius Camillus was exiled for the disappearance of what?
Bronze Gates of Veii
What Senonian chieftain led the Gauls to victory over the Romans at Allia River in 390 B.C.?
Brennus
What exiled dictator returned to Rome and saved the city from the Gauls?
Marcus Furius Camillus
What thing, other than making it so one of the two consuls could be a plebeian, did the Lex Licinia-Sextia do?
Limited public land ownership
What was the term for a military disaster?
Dies Ater
What was the land limit set by the Lex Licinia-Sextia?
500 iugera
What temple was built in honor of Rome being saved after the attack of Brennus and the Gauls?
Juno Moneta
Why was Marcus Manlius Capitolinus executed in 384 B.C.?
Tried to make himself popular
Who was executed in 384 B.C. for trying to make himself popular?
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
What year was Marcus Manlius Capitolinus executed?
384 B.C.
What three cities came to the aid of Veii during Camillus’ siege?
Capena, Falerii, Tarquinii
In Rome’s first offer to repay it’s debt to Greece, what spoil of Veii did they dedicate to Pythian Apollo at Delphi?
Golden bowl
Who gave up his property to redeem debtors?
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
The Lex Licinia-Sextia also limited the number of what farm animals on public pastures?
Sheep and cattle
What Greek colony did the Romans give citizenship to because they helped pay the ransom by Brennus and even helped Rome build their walls?
Massilia
What Greek colony helped the Romans to build their walls?
Massilia
In what year did Rome seize Tusculum, thereby absorbing them into the ranks of Roman citizens?
381 B.C.
What city did Rome seize in 381 B.C., thereby absorbing its population into the ranks of Roman citizens?
Tusculum
From 370-367 B.C., what Latin town did Rome siege?
Velitrae
From what years was Velitrae seized?
370-367 B.C.
What year did the siege of Velitrae start?
370 B.C.
In what year were Tibur and Praeneste subdued by the Romans?
354 B.C.
What two cities were subdued by the Romans in 354 B.C.?
Tibur and Praeneste
What was the meaning of the Greek cognomen “Philo”?
Lover
Before taking Veii, at what battle did Marcus Furius Camillus defeat the forces of Falerii and Capena in 396 B.C.?
Nepete
What two cities’ forces did Marcus Furius Camillus defeat at the Battle of Nepete in 396 B.C.?
Capena and Falerii
What year did Marcus Furius Camillus defeat Capena and Falerii at Nepete?
396 B.C.
Who defeated the forces of Capena and Falerii at the Battle of Nepete in 396 B.C.?
Marcus Furius Camillus
Under what Etruscan city did the Romans dig tunnels in order to capture it?
Veii
How did the Romans capture Veii?
Dug tunnels underneath the walls
What ceremony was first performed in 399 B.C. by the duumvirs which is known as the “Draping of Couches”?
Lectisternium
What year was the ceremony “Lectisternium” first performed by the duumvirs?
399 B.C.
In what year was Camillus appointed dictator for the first time?
396 B.C.
A prophecy said that what lake had to be drained in order for the Romans to have victory over Veii in 396 B.C.?
Alban Lake
A prophecy stated that the Romans wouldn’t be able to capture what city until the Alban Lake was drained?
Veii
What temple, originally consecrated by Servius Tullius, did Marcus Furius Camillus swear to restore if he conquered Veii?
Mater Matuta
What king originally consecrated the temple of Mater Matuta?
Servius Tullius
Who swore that if he conquered Veii he would restore the Temple of Mater Matuta?
Marcus Furius Camillus
Marcus Furius Camillus swore that he would restore the Temple of Mater Matuta if he conquered what city?
Veii
Who said that he would restore the Votive Games if he captured Veii?
Marcus Furius Camillus
What games did Marcus Furius Camillus say that he would restore if he conquered Veii?
Votive Games
What man said “whoever wants spoils from Veii should go and claim it themselves” in 396 B.C.?
Licinius
To what deity did Marcus Furius Camillus pray and grant a tenth of the spoils of Veii in 396 B.C.?
Pythian Apollo
How much of Veii’s spoils were dedicated to Pythian Apollo?
A tenth
In 391 B.C., what plebeian man told the tribunes that he had heard a voice saying, “tell the magistrates that the Gauls are coming!”?
Caedicius
WHAT is said to have lured the Gauls into Italy in 391 B.C.?
Wine and fruit
What man of Clusium is said to have suggested to the Gauls that they attack Clusium in 391 B.C.?
Arruns
Who caused the Gauls’ attack on Rome when he killed a Gallic chieftain who had requested that Clusium grant them a portion of their land in 391 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Ambustus
What did Fabius Maximus Ambustus do to cause the Gauls’ attack on Rome in 391 B.C.?
Killed a Gallic chieftain
What man drove the Vestal Virigins in his cart to Caere after having his wife and sons step out?
Lucius Albinius
Who did Camillus replace as commander at Veii after being called in to serve?
Caedicius
With what people did the Romans sign a treaty in 354 B.C.?
Samnites
Why did the Romans recall Marcus Furius Camillus from exile in Ardea?
Invasion of Gauls
What did Camillus convince the Romans not to do during the invasion of Gauls?
Abandon Rome and move to Veii
Who convinced the Romans not to abandon Rome, rather than move to Veii, during the invasion of Gauls?
Marcus Furius Camillus
After driving the Celts from Rome, Camillus gave the Senate an impassioned speech to dissuade them from abandoning Rome and resettling in which city which had been conquered years before?
Veii
What temple was built to celebrate the end of class struggle between the patricians and plebeians?
Temple of Concord
What honest action of Camillus caused the besieged people of Falerii to peacefully capitulate rather than continue their resistance?
He returned the children who had been handed over by their schoolteacher
What goddess did Camillus transplant to Rome amid the spoils of Veii after the men witnessed an omen of the statue nodding its approval?
Juno Moneta
What two titles was Marcus Furius Camillus awarded with following the conflict with Brennus?
Pater Patriae, “Second Founder of Rome”
After what year did 1 consul have to be plebeian?
342 B.C.
What patrician office was made in 367 B.C.?
Curule Aedile
Who set a bad example for future Roman generals by slaughtering and selling the citizens of Veii?
Marcus Furius Camillus
According to Livy, what year was the construction of the Servian Wall begun?
387 B.C.
What structure was begun in 387 B.C.?
Servian Wall
Why did Camillus go into exile at Ardea?
Accused of hiding the spoils of Veii
Who was appointed consul for the first time at age 23 in 346 B.C.?
Marcus Valerius Corvus
At what age was Marcus Valerius Corvus elected consul for the first time in 346 B.C.?
23
What year was Marcus Valerius Corvus elected consul for the first time at age 23?
346 B.C.
What general took the city of Satricum in 346 B.C., later burning it to the ground to remove it forever from enemy hands?
Marcus Valerius Corvus
What year did Marcus Valerius Corvus take the city of Satricum and later burn it to the ground to remove it forever from enemy hands?
346 B.C.
What city did Marcus Valerius Corvus take in 346 B.C. and later burn to the ground?
Satricum
In 368 B.C. patricians upped the number of officials responsible for religious ceremonies from 2 to 10. What was this group of 10 officials called?
Decemviri Sacris Faciundis
What year did the Patricians up the number of officials responsible for religious ceremonies from 2 to 10?
368 B.C.
What was the fate of the population of Veii after Camillus’ siege of the city in 396 B.C.?
Sold into slavery
How was Fabius Maximus Rullianus related to Fabius Maximus Cunctator?
Great-grandfather
What tribe captured the town of Melpum in 396 B.C.?
Insubres
What year did the Insubres capture the town of Melpum?
396 B.C.
What town near Mediolanum did the Insubres capture in 396 B.C.?
Melpum
Conquest of Italy-Republic
What were the dates of the First Samnite War?
343-341 B.C.
What law of 312 B.C. formalized the automatic admission of ex-magistrates to the senate for life?
Lex Ovinia
What law of 312 B.C. granted censors the right to revise the Senate list?
Lex Ovinia
Who first made, in convenient form, the procedures and official calendar necessary to give the average citizen better access to the courts?
Gnaeus Flavius
In what year was the Patrician right to vote canceled by the Lex Publilia?
339 B.C.
The Patrician right to vote was canceled by what law of 339 B.C.?
Lex Publilia
Instead of consuls, what 3 officials with consular powers reigned from 444-367 B.C. on 22 different occasions?
Military Tribune (Tribunus Militum)
On how many different occasions from 444-367 B.C. did the office of Military Tribune reign?
22
What was the term for a military tribune with consular powers?
Tribuni Militum Consulari Potestate
Who was the first king that the Tarentines gained the support of during the First Samnite War?
Archidamus of Sparta
Who executed his son for disobeying his order to not engage an enemy in single handed combat in 340 B.C. at the Battle of Mt. Vesuvius?
Titus Manlius Torquatus
What year did Titus Manlius Torquatus execute his son for disobeying his order to not engage an enemy in single handed combat at the Battle of Mt. Vesuvius?
340 B.C.
Around what city was the First Samnite War fought?
Capua
What year was the Lex Genucia passed?
342 B.C.
What two things did the Lex Genucia do?
Prohibited loans and usury, Made it so one of the two consuls had to be plebeian
What law made it so one of the two consuls had to be plebeian?
Lex Genucia
What were the dates of the Great Latin War?
340-338 B.C.
With what people did the Romans ally to defeat a contingent of Latins and Campanians at Suessa Aurunca in 340 B.C.?
Samnites
What year was the Battle of Suessa Aurunca?
340 B.C.
What year was the Fourth Secession of the Plebs?
342 B.C.
What title was given to towns as an inferior grade of Roman citizenship during the Great Latin War?
Municipium
During what war would the title of “Municipium” be given to towns as an inferior grade of Roman citizenship?
Great Latin War
What year was the Battle of Mt. Vesuvius?
340 B.C.
At what battle did Publius Decius Mus I perform devotio in 340 B.C.?
Mt. Vesuvius
Who led the Romans in the Battle of Mt. Vesuvius in 340 B.C.?
Titus Manlius Torquatus and Publius Decius Mus I
At what battle did Titus Manlius Torquatus and Publius Decius Mus I lead the Romans in 340 B.C.?
Mt. Vesuvius
What year did the Romans capture the town of Antium?
338 B.C.
What did the Romans take from the town of Antium and attach to the speaker’s platforms in the Forum?
Rostra
What year did the Romans secure control of central Italy?
338 B.C.
What year did the Latin League break up?
338 B.C.
What league broke up in 338 B.C.?
Latin League
Where, to secure Capua against further Samnite raids, did the Romans post a Latin colony in 334 B.C.?
Cales
What year did Rome post a Latin colony at Cales to further secure Capua against Samnite raids?
334 B.C.
During the Second Samnite War, what two valleys were untraversable due to the Romans’ many outposts?
Liris and Volturnus
During what war were the Liris and Volturnus valleys nearly untraversable due to the Romans’ many outposts?
Second Samnite War
What two years are possible dates that the Lex Poetelia was passed?
326, 313 B.C.
What year does Livy say the Lex Poetelia was formed?
326 B.C.
What city did Livy call Palaeopolis?
Neapolis (Naples)
What year does Varro say the Lex Poetelia was passed?
313 B.C.
What did the Lex Poetelia do when it was passed in 326 (or 313) B.C.?
Eliminated nexum (debt bondage)
What was “nexum”, which the Lex Poetelia abolished?
Debt bondage
What were the dates of the Second Samnite War?
326-304 B.C.
What small Campanian town did the Samnites attack in 343 B.C.?
Sidicini
What year did the Samnites attack the Sidicini on the northern border of Capua?
343 B.C.
At what Battle of 343 B.C. did the dictator Marcus Valerius Corvus defeat an enormous Gaul in combat with the help of a raven which landed on an opponent’s helmet?
Mt. Gaurus
What dictator defeated an enormous Gaul in combat with the help of a raven which landed on the opponent’s helmet at the Battle of Mt. Gaurus in 343 B.C.?
Marcus Valerius Corvus
What dictator was widely known for living 100 years, and in that time, served as consul 6 times?
Marcus Valerius Corvus
How many years is Marcus Valerius Corvus said to have lived?
100
What year was the Battle of Mt. Gaurus?
343 B.C.
What did Carthage send to Rome after the Battle of Mt. Gaurus in congratulations to be put in the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
A golden crown
Where was the golden crown, which Carthage sent to Rome after the Battle of Mt. Gaurus, meant to be placed?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
What man had been consul 6 times, second only to (Titus Quinctius Barbatus and) Marius?
Marcus Valerius Corvus
When there was a strange disease in 331 B.C. a slave girl revealed to the senior statesman of the day, a Quintus Fabius Maximus, the source of the mysterious sickness and led investigations to a group of women led by what two people who were preparing potions?
Cornelia and Sergia
What year were Cornelia and Sergia discovered making potions when there was a strange disease going around?
331 B.C.
What consul defeated the Latins at the Battle of Antium in 338 B.C.?
Gaius Maenius
At what battle did Gaius Maenius lead the Romans to victory in 338 B.C.?
Antium
What is an alternate name for the Battle of Antium?
Pedum
What was the dispute over the Samnites which began the 2nd Samnite War?
Neapolis (Naples)
What year was a Roman colony founded at Tarracina?
329 B.C.
Who carried out the siege of Neapolis from 327-326 B.C.?
Publilius Philo
What were the dates that Publilius Philo carried out the siege of Neapolis?
327-326 B.C.
What year was the Battle of Caudine Forks?
321 B.C.
How many Romans were slaughtered at the Battle of Caudine Forks in 321 B.C.?
20000
What Samnite chieftain trapped the Romans under a mountain pass and forced the Roman soldiers to shamefully pass under the yoke following the Battle of Caudine Forks?
Gavius Pontius
What father of Gavius Pontius advised him at the Battle of Caudine Forks?
Herennius Pontius
What Roman took command after the Battle of Caudine Forks?
Papirius Cursor
After what Battle did Papirius Cursor take command?
Caudine Forks
Who was leading the Romans during the Battle of Caudine Forks?
Titus Veturius Calvinus and Spurius Postumius Albinus
What did the Romans have to pass under at the Battle of Caudine Forks in 321 B.C.?
Yoke
What was the yoke?
Crossed spears
What year was the Battle of Lautulae?
315 B.C.
What Roman general was defeated at the Battle of Lautulae?
Fabius Maximus Rullianus
What city revolted and turned to the Samnites as a result of the loss at Lautulae?
Capua
At what battle of 314 B.C. did the Romans drive the Samnites away and receive a surrender from Capua?
Tarracina
What year was the Battle of Tarracina?
314 B.C.
What censor of 312 B.C. built the Via Appia?
Appius Claudius Caecus
What is an alternate name for the Via Appia meaning “queen of the roads”?
Regina Viarum
What road of Rome was known as “queen of the roads” or “Regina Viarum”?
Via Appia
What law of 311 B.C. provided for the establishment of two men to be in charge of the equipping and repairing of the fleet?
Lex Decia
What year was the Lex Decia formed?
311 B.C.
Perhaps influenced by their Greek allies at Naples, what naval board did the Romans establish in 311 B.C., along with a little squadron to patrol the Tyrrhenian coast?
Duoviri Navales
In what year were the Duoviri Navales established?
311 B.C.
What law established the Duoviri Navales in 311 B.C.?
Lex Decia
What year was the First Battle of Lake Vadimo?
310 B.C.
What battle, fought in 305 B.C., ended the Second Samnite War?
Bovianum
What colleague of the censor Appius Claudius Caecus resigned in disgust of Caecus’ manipulation of the electoral roles?
Gaius Plautius Venox
When Gaius Plautius Venox resigned in disgust towards his co-censor Appius Claudius Caecus, Caecus should have too but did not, nor did he when the 18 months had expired for his censorship. What tribune tried to arrest Caecus for this but failed?
Sempronius
What year was the Battle of Bovianum?
305 B.C.
What aedile of 304 B.C. published a handbook of procedures to give the average citizen better access to the courts?
Gnaeus Flavius
What year was Gnaeus Flavius elected as aedile and published a handbook of procedures to give the average citizen better access to the courts?
304 B.C.
What position did Gnaeus Flavius hold in 304 B.C.?
Aedile
What does the name “Caecus” mean?
Blind
What city did the Via Appia end at originally, after its contruction in 312 B.C.?
Capua
What censor built the Aqua Appia in 312 B.C.?
Appius Claudius Caecus
How many times was Papirius Cursor elected consul?
5
How many times was Fabius Maximus Rullianus elected consul?
5
At what battle of 315 B.C. did Fabius Maximus Rullianus get trapped in a low mountain pass which led to Rome suffering a second major disaster in the Second Samnite War?
Lautulae
Who was dictator during the First Battle of Lake Vadimo in 310 B.C.?
Papirius Cursor
The First Samnite War ended in a Roman victory under what commander?
Marcus Valerius Corvus
After allying themselves with the Samnites and descending through the valley of the Liris towards Campania, where did the Romans and Samnites defeat a contingent of Latins and Campanians in 340 B.C.?
Suessa Aurunca
Where did the Romans defeat a Volscian fleet in 338 B.C., where they then took the prows of the enemy ships and decorated the rostra in the Roman Forum?
Antium
What people did the Romans defeat at Antium in 338 B.C.?
Volsci
What year was the Battle of Antium?
338 B.C.
What town asked for help from the Romans against the Samnites in 327 B.C.?
Capua
What consul defeated the Etruscan League at the First Battle of Lake Vadimo?
Fabius Maximus Rullianus
What dictator aided Fabius Maximus Rullianus at Lake Vadimo in 310 B.C.?
Papirius Cursor
What Roman commander was defeated by the Samnites at Lautulae in 315 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Rullianus
What did the Lex Ogulnia do?
Opened the priesthood to plebeians
Who were the two tribunes of 300 B.C. who carried out a law that established 8 pontiffs and 9 augurs?
Gnaeus and Quintus Ogulnius
What law established 8 pontiffs and 9 augurs?
Lex Ogulnia
What law of 300 B.C. opened various priesthoods to plebeians?
Lex Ogulnia
During what war was the “municipia” established which granted towns citizenship “sine suffragio”?
Great Latin War
In what year did Alexander the Great die?
323 B.C.
After the defeat at Lautulae in 315 B.C., what town switched sides from Rome to the Samnites?
Capua
What five-time consul and two-time dictator led the Romans to start the Second Samnite War?
Papirius Cursor
What year could plebeians become augurs and pontiffs?
300 B.C.
What colony protected Campania from the Samnites?
Fregellae
After Lautulae, what changes did the Romans make in their formation?
Phalanx to legion
After what battle did the Romans change their formation from phalanx to legion?
Lautulae
What two years was Gaius Maenius, victor at Antium in 338 B.C., elected dictator?
320, 314 B.C.
What was the area of Volscian land that was distributed for settlement in Northern Campania in 318 B.C.?
Ager Falernus
The Great Latin War was precipitated by a treaty between Rome and Carthage signed in what year?
349 B.C.
The Great Latin War was precipitated by a treaty in 349 B.C. between Rome and whom?
Carthage
Who did Rome conclude a treaty with in 349 B.C.?
Carthage
In 349 B.C., Rome threatened to withhold aid against the Gauls for what people?
Latins
After the Battle of Suessa Aurunca in 340 B.C., with whom did the Romans come to terms?
Campanians
After coming to terms with the Campanians during the Great Latin War, what people did the Romans twice defeat?
Latins
Who did the Romans defeat at Antium in 338 B.C. after defeating the Latins twice?
Volsci
In a treaty following Caudine Forks, what town in Latium did the Samnites receive?
Fregellae
Following what battle did the Samnites receive possession of Fregellae?
Caudine Forks
What town surrendered to the Romans in 314 B.C. after the Romans drove the Samnites out of Tarracina?
Capua
Where did the Romans defeat the Samnites in 314 B.C., which led to the town of Capua’s surrender?
Tarracina
What two consuls led the Romans at Tarracina in 314 B.C.?
Marcus Poetelius and Sulpicius Longus
In what year did Rome renew its treaty with Carthage which had been signed in 348 B.C.?
306 B.C.
Where was the first ever battle fought between the Romans and the Samnites in 343 B.C.?
Mt. Gaurus
What ally of Rome sent a 25-pound golden crown to the Temple of Jupiter to congratulate their victory over the Samnites at Mt. Gaurus in 343 B.C.?
Carthage
What father of Gavius Pontius advised him to either accept the Romans as allies or to kill them all?
Herennius Pontius
What two cities did the Via Appia connect when it was first built in 312 B.C.?
Rome and Capua
What two architectural structures did Appius Claudius Caecus build?
Via Appia and Aqua Appia
What political office was first proposed in 326 B.C. to meet specific military needs?
Proconsul (Propraetor)
What was the name of the Roman treasury?
Aerarium
What road was the main passageway through the Apennines?
Via Valeria
In 334 B.C., what brother-in-law of Alexander the Great was employed by Tarentum and then beat off Lucanian, Bruttian, and Samnite raiders?
Alexander of Epirus
In what year did Tarentum employ King Alexander of Epirus to fight the Lucanians, Bruttians, and Samnites?
334 B.C.
What tribe slew Alexander of Epirus after the Tarentines withdrew support of him because they suspected him of becoming too powerful?
Lucanians
Which formation came about in direct response to Rome losing several engagements in the Second Samnite War?
Maniple
The formation of the Maniple came about in direct response to Rome losing several engagements in what war?
Second Samnite War
What conflict is translated into Latin as “Furculae Caudinae”?
Caudine Forks
What is the Latin name for the Battle of Caudine Forks?
Furculae Caudinae
Upon what mountain range did the Samnites live?
Apennines
What people lived in the Apennines?
Samnites
The Romans adopted the legion in order to defeat what people?
Samnites
What term refers to being sold into slavery to satisfy one’s debts?
Nexum
What military colony protected Campania from the Samnites?
Fregellae
What ancient Italian region did Fregellae protect from the Samnites?
Campania
Fregellae protected Campania from what people?
Samnites
What Roman colony, built in 328 B.C., disallowed the Samnites from entering the Liris valley and cut them off from the western seaboard?
Fregellae
The obstruction of Fregellae disallowed the Samnites from entering what valley, cutting them off from the western seaboard?
Liris Valley
What Roman colony was established in 328 B.C.?
Fregellae
What year was the colony at Fregellae built?
328 B.C.
Where was the first Roman victory in the Great Latin War?
Suessa Aurunca
Suessa Aurunca was the first victory for the Romans in what conflict?
Great Latin War
What year was the Lex Ovinia passed?
312 B.C.
What colleague of Publilius Philo gave him the dictatorship in 339 B.C. while he was also serving as consul?
Tiberius Aemilius
What year did Tiberius Aemilius give Publilius Philo the dictatorship?
339 B.C.
Who was given the dictatorship by his colleague Tiberius Aemilius in 339 B.C.?
Publilius Philo
Who was the first plebeian praetor in 337 B.C.?
Publilius Philo
What year did Publilius Philo serve as the first plebeian praetor?
337 B.C.
Publilius Philo was the first plebeian to hold what position?
Praetor
What Plebeian dictator of 339 B.C. passed a law requiring at least one censor to be plebeian?
Publilius Philo
What was the casus belli of the First Samnite War?
Rome granted protection to Capua (the Samnites were also interested in Campania)
How many times was Papirius Cursor elected dictator?
2
What title did Gavius Pontius hold?
Meddix
Whose dictatorship was extended by the proconsulship for the siege of Neapolis in 326 B.C.?
Publilius Philo
Whose dictatorship was extended by the proconsulship in 307 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Rullianus
What despot of Syracuse all but succeeded in reducing Carthage itself after invading Africa from 310-306 BC?
Agathocles
From what years did Agathocles invade Africa?
310-306 B.C.
Who was the first Roman to attain the proconsulship, which was achieved in 326 B.C.?
Publilius Philo
At what battle of 339 B.C. did the Romans under the command of Titus Manlius Torquatus win a victory over the Latins?
Trifanum
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Trifanum in 339 B.C.?
Titus Manlius Torquatus
What year did Titus Manlius Torquatus defeat the Latins at the Battle of Trifanum?
339 B.C.
List, in order, the 4 battles of the Great Latin War.
Suessa Aurunca (340), Mt. Vesuvius (340), Trifanum (339), Antium (338)
Following the disaster at Lautulae during the Second Samnite War, the Romans were able to recover lost resources in part by establishing several colonies, such as one on the site of what Samnite stronghold in Apulia which they captured in 314 B.C.?
Luceria
What year did the Romans capture the Samnite stronghold of Luceria?
314 B.C.
What Spartan king was employed by Tarentum during the First Samnite War, though he eventually perished in a battle against the Lucanians in 338 B.C.?
Archidamus
Archidamus of Sparta eventually perished in a battle against what southern-Italian people in 338 B.C.?
Lucanians
What year did Archidamus of Sparta perish in a battle against the Lucanians?
338 B.C.
During what war did Tarentum employ Archidamus against the Lucanians?
First Samnite War
Of what origin was Archidamus?
Spartan
What woman, the first plebeian Vestal Virgin, was buried alive after being accused of incest in 337 B.C.?
Minucia
What year was the Vestal Virgin Minucia accused of incest and later buried alive for her crime?
337 B.C.
What woman became the first plebeian Vestal Virgin in 337 B.C.?
Minucia
After a march through the Ciminian Mountains, where did Fabius Maximus Rullianus redeem himself, of the disaster at Lautulae, in 310 B.C. by defeating the Etruscans, who had allied themselves with the Samnites?
Lake Vadimo
After a march through what mountain pass did Rullianus defeat the Etruscans at Lake Vadimo in 310 B.C.?
Ciminian Mountains
What man led a march through the Ciminian Mountains in order to fight the Etruscans at Lake Vadimo in 310 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Rullianus
600 hostage equites were handed over following the defeat at what battle of the late 4th century B.C.?
Caudine Forks
Following the defeat at Caudine Forks, how many hostage equites were handed over?
600
How many hostage equites were handed over following the defeat at Caudine Forks?
600
What group had a federal sanctuary at the Fanum Voltumnae?
Etruscan League
Where did the Etruscan League have a federal sanctuary near Volsinii?
Fanum Voltumnae
When fighting the Samnites in 296 B.C., Appius Claudius Caecus received his only significant victory in his campaigns due to the fortunate arrival of what fellow consul, who inspired Appius’ army with a brilliant speech?
Lucius Volumnius
What law of 300 B.C. gave plebeians access to the priesthood?
Lex Ogulnia
What was the effect of the Lex Ogulnia?
Opened priesthood to Plebeians
What were the dates of the 3rd Samnite War?
298-290 B.C.
At what battle of 298 B.C. did Scipio Barbatus win a victory against the Etruscans?
Volaterrae (Volterra)
What year did Scipio Barbatus win a victory over the Etruscans at Volaterrae?
298 B.C.
Who won a victory over the Etruscans at Volaterrae in 298 B.C.?
Scipio Barbatus
Who claimed to have subdued all of Lucania during the Third Samnite War?
Scipio Barbatus
Scipio Barbatus won a victory over what people at Volaterrae in 298 B.C.?
Etruscans
While he was fighting the Samnites, what year did Appius Claudius Caecus earn his only significant victory in his campaigns due to the fortunate arrival of Volumnius?
296 B.C.
Where did the Third Samnite War begin?
Camerinum
What year was the Battle of Camerinum?
298 B.C.
Who was consul and commander at the Battle of Camerinum?
Scipio Barbatus
Who precipitated the beginning of the 3rd Samnite War?
Scipio Barbatus
What Italian region did Scipio Barbatus drive the Samnites out of to start the Third Samnite War?
Lucania
What year was the Battle of Sentinum?
295 B.C.
What were the elephants that fought with Pyrrhus referred to as by the Romans?
Lucanian/Grey oxen
Whose elephants were referred to as “Lucanian oxen”?
Pyrrhus
Where had Pyrrhus once been king before Epirus?
Macedon
Who ruled as king in Macedon before ruling over Epirus?
Pyrrhus
In 274 B.C. Pyrrhus stole the throne of what region from Antigonus II?
Macedon
Who stole the throne of Macedon from Antigonus II in 274 B.C.?
Pyrrhus
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Sentinum?
Publius Decius Mus II and Fabius Maximus Rullianus
Who led the Samnites at the Battle of Sentinum?
Gellius Egnatius
At what battle did Publius Decius Mus II perform devotio?
Sentinum
What year was the Battle of Aquilonia?
293 B.C.
What man heard rumors that Rome wanted to fight the Linen Legion but was promptly killed by a javelin?
Gaius Papirius
What battle of 293 B.C. essentially ended the third Samnite War after the Romans sacked the city of its gold and decorated their public temples with it?
Aquilonia
When the Romans sacked Aquilonia in 293 B.C., they decorated what buildings of theirs with the gold of the city?
Temples
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Aquilonia in 293 B.C.?
Papirius Cursor
What group led the Samnites at the Battle of Aquilonia in 293 B.C.?
Linen Legion
What consul of 290 B.C. ended the Third Samnite War?
Manius Curius Dentatus
What Roman’s name meant “toothy”?
Dentatus
What did Manius Curius Dentatus’ name mean?
Toothy
Where did Pyrrhus rule as king?
Epirus
How was Pyrrhus related to Alexander the Great?
Cousin
What consul of 284 B.C. fell in the war against the Senones and was succeeded by Manius Curius Dentatus?
Caecilius Metellus Denter
What year was Caecilius Metellus Denter consul?
284 B.C.
Who preceded Publius Cornelius Dolabella as commander and consul?
Caecilius Metellus Denter
What year was the Battle of Heraclea?
280 B.C.
After the Battle of Heraclea, who did Pyrrhus conduct negotiations with?
Gaius Fabricius
After what battle did Pyrrhus conduct negotiations with Gaius Fabricius?
Heraclea
The negotiations with Gaius Fabricius were done through what agent of Pyrrhus?
Cineas
What Carthaginian ambassador negotiated the treaty between Carthage and Pyrrhus in 280 B.C.?
Mago
At what battle of 284 B.C. did the Romans rout the Gallic Senones who were led by Britomaris?
Arretium
Who led the Gauls at the Battle of Arretium in 284 B.C.?
Britomaris
Of what tribe was Britomaris the chief?
Senones
At what battle of 282 B.C. did Rome end the Etruscan resistance to its rule in Italy?
Populonia
What year was the Battle of Arretium?
284 B.C.
What year was the Battle of Populonia?
282 B.C.
Who did the Tarentines gain the support of in 303 B.C.?
Cleonymus of Sparta
What Syracusan tyrant did the Tarentines gain the support of in 298 B.C.?
Agathocles
What year did Tarentum gain the support of Cleonymus of Sparta?
303 B.C.
What year did Tarentum gain the support of Agathocles of Syracuse?
298 B.C.
What town was affiliated with the likes of Cleonymus and Agathocles?
Tarentum
What temple was dedicated in 303 B.C.?
Temple of Salus
The Temple of Salus is said to have been the handiwork of what Roman nobleman?
Fabius Pictor
What year was the Temple of Salus dedicated?
303 B.C.
What Roman ambassador was said to be unbribable?
Gaius Fabricius
What were the dates of the Pyrrhic War?
280-275 B.C.
Who gave a rousing speech to the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea?
Appius Claudius Caecus
At what battle did Appius Claudius Caecus give a rousing speech to the Romans?
Heraclea
What year was the Battle of Ausculum?
279 B.C.
At what battle did Publius Decius Mus III perform devotio?
Ausculum
What were both of Pyrrhus’ losses known as?
Pyrrhic victories
What southern Italian city did the Romans attempt to aid in the Pyrrhic War, though by doing so, they ticked off the Tarentines as they had to sail past Tarentum’s harbor which was forbidden in Rome’s treaty with them?
Thurii
What year was the victor at Lake Vadimo (283), Publius Cornelius Dolabella, killed under the command of Lucius Valerius Laevinus by the Tarentines?
282 B.C.
What year was the Battle of Beneventum?
275 B.C.
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Beneventum?
Manius Curius Dentatus
What year did Tarentum surrender for good?
272 B.C.
Where did Pyrrhus die?
Argos, Greece
What year was the Lex Hortensia passed?
287 B.C.
Where did the plebs secede to for the fifth and final time?
Janiculum Hill
Who passed the Lex Hortensia in 287 B.C.?
Quintus Hortensius
What man arguably ended the Conflict of Orders when he proposed legislation that gave plebiscita the ability to affect all citizens?
Quintus Hortensius
What year was the Second Battle of Lake Vadimo?
283 B.C.
Who led the Romans at the Second Battle of Lake Vadimo in 283 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Dolabella
What year was the Amicitia with Egypt?
273 B.C.
What year did the plebs secede for the fifth and final time?
287 B.C.
What did the Lex Hortensia do?
Made all resolutions passed by the Concilium Plebis binding on all citizens
What king of Epirus’ help did Tarentum gain before the First Punic War?
Pyrrhus
At what battle of 280 B.C. did Rome first encounter elephants?
Heraclea
What enemy of Rome was the first to use elephants in battle?
Pyrrhus
How many elephants did Pyrrhus use at the Battle of Heraclea?
20
Who is known for saying “one more such victory, and I will be ruined”, following the battle of Ausculum in 279 B.C.?
Pyrrhus
After what battle did Pyrrhus comment “one more such victory and I will be ruined”?
Ausculum
What did Pyrrhus comment upon winning a Pyrrhic victory at the Battle of Ausculum?
One more such victory, and I will be ruined
Who did Pyrrhus defeat at the Battle of Ausculum in 279 B.C.?
Publius Decius Mus III
What did Curius Dentatus rename Malventum to?
Beneventum
What was the original name of Beneventum, before Curius Dentatus changed it?
Malventum
Who renamed Malventum to Beneventum?
Manius Curius Dentatus
What year did Pyrrhus die?
272 B.C.
What was the Amicitia of Egypt?
Rome established friendly ties with Ptolemy II
With which king of Egypt did Rome establish friendly ties, forming the Amicitia of Egypt in 273 B.C.?
Ptolemy II
What year was the Amicitia of Egypt formed?
273 B.C.
What law of 300 B.C. confirmed the right of appeal or “provocatio” and shared the name of laws passed in 509 and 449 B.C.?
Lex Valeria
What people killed Lucius Valerius Laevinus and Publius Cornelius Dolabella in 282 B.C.?
Terentines
What precipitated the Third Samnite War?
Scipio Barbatus drove the Samnites out of Lucania
What three tribes were defeated by the Romans at Sentinum?
Samnites, Gauls, Etruscans
What leader of the Samnites was defeated by the Romans at Sentinum in 295 B.C.?
Gellius Egnatius
What act did Publius Decius Mus II perform to save the right wing at Sentinum after an onslaught of Greek chariots?
Devotio
What consul defeated the Samnites and Sabines in 290 B.C., thus ending the Third Samnite War?
Manius Curius Dentatus
What Roman ambassador did Cineas try to negotiate peace with, though he was ultimately unsuccessful because the ambassador was “unbribable”?
Gaius Fabricius
Where did the Romans first witness the use of war elephants in battle?
Heraclea
Who was the agent of Pyrrhus who attempted to negotiate peace with Gaius Fabricius?
Cineas
What aged censor gave a rousing speech against Cineas and encouraged the Romans to keep fighting Pyrrhus?
Appius Claudius Caecus
What year did Appius Claudius Caecus die?
273 B.C.
How was Pyrrhus killed?
Old lady dropped a floor tile on his head
What tribe did Publius Cornelius Dolabella defeat at the Second Battle of Lake Vadimo in 283 B.C.?
Boii
Who did the Romans make friendly ties with in 273 B.C.?
Ptolemy II
What general defeated the Senones and reduced their country to the Ager Gallicus?
Curius Dentatus
What is the name of the land that Curius Dentatus reduced the Senones’ country to?
Ager Gallicus
To what Greek city did Rome send a relief force which led to immediate hostilities between Rome and Tarentum, resulting in the Pyrrhic War?
Thurii
Where is Heraclea located?
Gulf of Otranto
What people signed a military alliance with the Romans against Pyrrhus in 279 B.C.?
Carthaginians
What year did Carthage sign a military alliance with the Romans against Pyrrhus?
279 B.C.
Who famously ate turnips when Samnite envoys came with expensive gifts?
Manius Curius Dentatus
What did Curius Dentatus famously eat when Samnite envoys came with expensive gifts?
Turnips
In what year did Rome take Rhegium, the last free city in Magna Graecia?
270 B.C.
What city did Rome take in 270 B.C., the last free city in Magna Graecia?
Rhegium
What was Pyrrhus’ nickname?
Eagle
What did the Romans call Pyrrhus’ elephants?
Grey oxen
Whose elephants were called “grey oxen” by the Romans?
Pyrrhus
Where did Pyrrhus go after the Battle of Ausculum to fight Carthage?
Sicily
What was the name of Rome’s second aqueduct which was constructed in 272 B.C.?
Anio Vetus
What year was the Anio Vetus, Rome’s second aqueduct, constructed?
272 B.C.
Appius Claudius Caecus offended the nobility in revising the list of the senate, a right which recently had been transferred to the censors from the consuls by what law?
Lex Ovinia
Whose dictatorship was extended by the proconsulship in 307 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Rullianus
At what battle of 298 B.C. did Gellius Egnatius and the Samnites defeat Scipio Barbatus?
Camerinum
Who led the Samnites at the Battle of Camerinum in 298 B.C.?
Gellius Egnatius
Who led the Roman forces at the Battle of Camerinum against Gellius Egnatius in 298 B.C.?
Scipio Barbatus
In 284 B.C. the Senones sieged what town after they began their invasion of Etruria?
Arretium
Who turned the land of the Senones into a desert for their attacks on Etruria?
Manius Curius Dentatus
What was the desert land made by Curius Dentatus of the Senones called?
Ager Gallicus
What Spartan in 303 B.C. didn’t accomplish anything for the Tarentines after being employed?
Cleonymus
Of what origin was Cleonymus?
Spartan
In what year did Tarentum employ Cleonymus of Sparta?
303 B.C.
What tyrant of Syracuse in 298 B.C. did nothing for the Tarentines after being employed?
Agathocles
What year was Agathocles employed by Tarentum?
298 B.C.
During the Pyrrhic War, what Carthaginian ambassador came to Rome twice, succeeding in making a treaty the second time?
Mago
From what years was there essentially a Fourth Samnite War fought?
283-272 B.C.
Who did the Samnites call upon for aid in 276 B.C., leading to this man giving up on his Sicilian expedition?
Pyrrhus
Along with the Via Appia, what road was an alternative route for communicating with Capua?
Via Latina
What Roman general was defeated at Heraclea in 280 B.C., earning Pyrrhus his first victory?
Publius Valerius Laevinus
At what battle was Publius Valerius Laevinus defeated by Pyrrhus, winning him his first victory?
Heraclea
Who was Publius Valerius Laevinus’ consular colleague in 280 B.C.?
Tiberius Coruncanius
What year did Tiberius Coruncanius serve as Publius Valerius Laevinus’ consular colleague before becoming the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus in 254 B.C.?
280 B.C.
Where did Pyrrhus’ march on Rome come to an end?
Praeneste
What rebellious Etruscan city did Rome destroy in 264 B.C. from which they brought back 2,000 statues to place in the Forum Boarium?
Volsinii
What year did Rome destroy the Etruscan city of Volsinii, capturing 2,000 statues to place in the Forum Boarium in the process?
264 B.C.
Who is said to have taken more cities in Greece by diplomacy than his advisee, Pyrrhus, did through arms?
Cineas
What year was Publius Cornelius Dolabella elected consul?
283 B.C.
Who was the chieftain of the Senones during the battles of Arretium (284) and in a preliminary to Lake Vadimo (283)?
Britomaris
In what two years was Appius Claudius Caecus consul?
307 and 296 B.C.
Who was the first to permit plebeians into the senate?
Appius Claudius Caecus
In what year did Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla attempt a siege of Syracuse?
265 B.C.
Who attempted a siege of Syracuse in 265 B.C.?
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla
In 265 B.C., Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla attempted a siege of what city?
Syracuse
In what year had the Mamertines first inhabited Sicily?
288 B.C.
What people first inhabited Sicily in 288 B.C.?
Mamertines
What province did the Mamertines capture in 288 B.C.?
Sicily
From what region were the Mamertines?
Campania
What tyrant of Syracuse originally hired the Mamertines to help against Carthage and whose successor had to appeal to Pyrrhus of Epirus for against them?
Agathocles
Who originally hired the Mamertines as mercenaries?
Agathocles
What people did Agathocles hire as mercenaries?
Mamertines
What law gave every Roman citizen the right of appeal to the people if he had been given the death penalty in Rome?
Lex Valeria
What man called the Roman Senate an “assembly of kings”?
Cineas
What group did Cineas call an “assembly of kings”?
The Roman Senate
What did Cineas call the Roman Senate?
An assembly of kings
Cineas was the agent of what king?
Pyrrhus
What year did the Romans mint their first silver coins in Rome?
269 B.C.
What Greek town called for Rome’s help against the Terentines in 282 B.C., which can be viewed as the casus belli for the Pyrrhic War?
Thurii
What year did Thurii call for Rome’s help against the Terentines?
282 B.C.
Thurii called to Rome for help against what people in 282 B.C.?
Terentines
What Latin colony was established in 298 B.C. during the construction of the Via Valeria?
Carseoli
What year was the Latin colony of Carseoli established?
298 B.C.
At what site did Pyrrhus earn a “Pyrrhic Victory” over the Romans?
Ausculum
Who passed the Lex Valeria of 300 B.C., guaranteeing the right to appeal, or “provocatio” from a magistrate’s sentence of death or whipping within the city?
Marcus Valerius Maximus
In what year did Atilius Regulus hold his first consulship?
267 B.C.
What tribe did Atilius Regulus defeat during his first consulship in 267 B.C.?
Sabellians
Who defeated the Sabellian tribe in 267 B.C. during his first consulship?
Atilius Regulus
What port city did Atilius Regulus capture during his first consulship in 267 B.C.?
Brundisium
What Roman general refused the bribes of the Samnites, preferring to rule the rich rather than having riches himself?
Manius Curius Dentatus
What year did Manius Curius Dentatus hold his first consulship?
290 B.C.
What group did the Romans establish in 289 B.C. to supervise an official mint?
Triumviri Monetales
What year did the Romans establish the Triumviri Monetales to supervise an official mint?
289 B.C.
How was Fabius Maximus Rullianus related to Fabius Maximus Cunctator?
Great-grandfather
What Etruscan city did the Romans annex and grant “civitas sine suffragio” to in 273 B.C.?
Caere
What year did the Romans annex and grant “civitas sine suffragio” to Caere?
273 B.C.
Pyrrhus of Epirus fancied himself as a descendant of what mythological hero?
Achilles
What king of Epirus fancied himself as a descendant of Achilles?
Pyrrhus
At what battle of 297 B.C. did both Fabius Rullianus and Decius Mus reverse the course of the war with a rousing victory?
Tifernum
What year was the Battle of Tifernum, at which Fabius Maximus Rullianus and Publius Decius Mus II won a rousing victory?
297 B.C.
What two consuls of the year won a decisive victory at the Battle of Tifernum in 297 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Rullianus and Publius Decius Mus II
The Roman envoy Postumius addressed what Apulian city in its native language in 282 B.C.?
Tarentum
In 282 B.C., what Roman envoy addressed Tarentum in their native language?
Postumius
What year did the Roman envoy Postumius address Tarentum in their native language?
282 B.C.
First Punic War-Republic 264 - 241 B.C.
What were the dates of the First Punic War?
264-241 B.C.
What Syracusan leader attacked the Mamertines from Messana?
Hiero II
Who did the Mamertines appeal to for help against the Carthaginians?
Romans
Who was the first commander for the Romans during the First Punic War?
Appius Claudius Caudex
Appius Claudius Caudex was the first commander for the Romans in what war?
First Punic War
How was Appius Claudius Caudex related to Appius Claudius Caecus?
Grandson
What Roman consul seized Messana in 264 B.C.?
Appius Claudius Caudex
What people were Campanian mercenaries?
Mamertines
What tactic did Xanthippus use against Marcus Atilius Regulus at Bagradas Valley in 255 B.C.?
Encirclement
What Carthaginian commander, with the aid of Hannibal Gisgo, defeated Scipio Asina at Lipari Islands in 260 B.C.?
Boodes
Who was defeated by the Carthaginian commander Boodes and Hannibal Gisgo at the battle of Lipari Islands in 260 B.C.?
Scipio Asina
What does the name “Asina” mean?
The ass
Where was Scipio Asina defeated in 260 B.C. by the Carthaginian commander Boodes and Hannibal Gisgo?
Lipari Islands
Who used encirclement to defeat Marcus Atilius Regulus at Bagradas Valley in 255 B.C.?
Xanthippus
Who gained the first triumphal cognomen in Roman history by aiding Messana against Syracuse and Carthage?
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla earned his cognomen by aiding Messana against what two cities?
Syracuse and Carthage
A dispute over what city began the First Punic War?
Messana
What was the cause of the First Punic War?
Messana was being attacked by Syracuse and then Carthage
Who was the first to earn a triumphal cognomen?
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla
What year did Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla earn his cognomen?
263 B.C.
Who negotiated a peace treaty with Hiero II of Syracuse?
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla
What year was the Siege of Agrigentum?
262 B.C.
What island was the base of the Carthaginians made on?
Sicily
What Syracusan tyrant had hired the Mamertines, a group of Campanian mercenaries, though they eventually deserted him in 289 B.C. and seized Messana?
Agathocles
What year did the Mamertines desert Agathocles and seize Messana?
289 B.C.
What people killed Messanan men, took their women, and plundered Syracusan territory?
Mamertines
What year was Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla consul?
263 B.C.
Who is said to have brought the first sundial to Rome?
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla
Where was the first battle of the First Punic War?
Agrigentum
Who did Rome defeat at the battle of Agrigentum?
Hanno and Hannibal Gisgo
What year was the battle of Lipari Islands?
260 B.C.
What Greek ex-slave was believed to have set up the first school at Rome in 250 B.C. and was the first to introduce the Hellenic tongue into Roman schools?
Spurius Carvilius
What year did Spurius Carvilius set up the first school at Rome?
250 B.C.
Spurius Carvilius is said to have set up the first school in Rome and implemented with it what language to teach the Romans?
Greek
Spurius Carvilius set up the first of what building in Rome in 250 B.C.?
School
What small cluster of islands right off of Sicily’s northern coast was the location of a battle in 260 B.C.?
Lipari Islands
What Roman consul was given an agnomen following his defeat and capture after a Carthaginian naval ambush at the Battle of Lipari Islands?
Scipio Asina
Who is said to have brought gladiatorial fights to Rome in 264 B.C.?
Iunius Brutus Pera
What year were gladiator fights brought to Rome?
264 B.C.
What was the meaning of the name “Mamertini”?
Sons of Mars
What year was the Battle of Mylae?
260 B.C.
What battle was Rome’s first naval victory?
Mylae
Who led the Romans at the battle of Mylae in 260 B.C.?
Gaius Duilius
What Roman made his fleet after a Carthaginian ship crashed on the Italian shore?
Gaius Duilius
Who did Gaius Duilius defeat at the battle of Mylae in 260 B.C.?
Hannibal Gisgo
What was the grappling hook called which was used for boarding ships at the battle of Mylae?
Corvus
What did the Romans set up in the Forum in honor of Gaius Duilius and his victory at Mylae?
A column
What year was the battle at Cape Ecnomus?
256 B.C.
What two generals led the Romans to victory at the battle of Cape Ecnomus?
Marcus Atilius Regulus and Manlius Vulso
What year was the battle of Bagradas Valley during the first Punic War?
255 B.C.
After the battle of Cape Ecnomus what city did Marcus Atilius Regulus attack and capture before Carthaginian reinforcements could arrive in 256 B.C.?
Aspis
What year did Marcus Atilius Regulus attack and capture Aspis before Carthaginian reinforcements could arrive?
256 B.C.
Who attacked and captured Aspis before Carthaginian reinforcements could arrive in 256 B.C.?
Marus Atilius Regulus
What year was the battle of Aspis?
256 B.C.
What victory made Marcus Atilius Regulus believe it was a good idea to invade mainland Africa?
Cape Ecnomus
At what battle were the Romans defeated by the Spartan mercenary Xanthippus and Marcus Atilius Regulus captured in 255 B.C.?
Bagradas Valley
What Roman was captured at the battle of Bagradas valley in 255 B.C.?
Marcus Atilius Regulus
What year was the battle of Sulci (Sardinia)?
258 B.C.
What year was the battle of Tyndaris?
257 B.C.
After Marcus Atilius Regulus won at the battle of Tyndaris in 257 B.C., what Syracusan became an ally of Rome?
Hiero II
Who did Marcus Atilius Regulus and Manlius Vulso defeat at the battle of Cape Ecnomus in 256 B.C.?
Hanno and Hamilcar (not Barca)
What was another name for the battle of Bagradas Valley, fought in 255 B.C.?
Tunis
What Spartan mercenary captured Marcus Atilius Regulus at the battle of Bagradas Valley in 255 B.C.?
Xanthippus
What general was captured by the Carthaginians and later returned to convince the Romans to surrender?
Marcus Atilius Regulus
What did Marcus Atilius Regulus tell the Romans after being sent by the Carthaginians to Rome to negotiate a peace treaty?
Fight on
What year was the Battle of Cape Hermaeum?
255 B.C.
At what battle was the Carthaginians’ navy wiped out by a storm when they tried to counter-attack the Romans during the first Punic War?
Cape Hermaeum
How many ships did the Romans lose at the Battle of Cape Hermaeum?
80
How many ships did the Carthaginians lose at the Battle of Cape Hermaeum?
250
What year was the Battle of Panormus?
254 B.C.
Who led the Romans to victory at the Battle of Panormus in 254 B.C.?
Scipio Asina
Scipio Asina’s victory at Panormus in 254 B.C. can be viewed as redemption for a previous humiliation at what site in 260 B.C.?
Lipari Islands
Where did Scipio Asina later redeem himself in 254 B.C. for his loss at Lipari Islands?
Panormus
What year did Rome try to raid Tripoli?
253 B.C.
The Romans suffered more casualties due to storms when raiding what coast in 253 B.C.?
Tripoli
What year did the Romans fail in capturing Lilybaeum during the First Punic War?
249 B.C.
What year was the battle of Drepana?
249 B.C.
Before what battle did Claudius Pulcher throw the sacred chickens overboard because they wouldn’t eat?
Drepana
What does the name “Pulcher” mean?
Beautiful
After the loss at Drepana in 249 B.C., Claudius Pulcher was ordered to appoint a new dictator and attempted to use his consular position to force the Romans to appoint what son of one of his former slaves?
Claudius Glicia
After the loss at Drepana in 249 B.C., what man attempted to use his consular positions to force the Romans to appoint as dictator the son of one of his former slaves, Claudius Glicia?
Claudius Pulcher
Which dictator during the First Punic War became the first to lead Roman troops out of the Italian mainland?
Aulus Atilius Calatinus
After which Roman naval defeat was Aulus Atilius Calatinus made dictator?
Drepana
In what province did Aulus Atilius Calatinus command Roman troops?
Sicily
After the battle of Cape Passaro, Iunius Pullus managed to capture the city of Eryx and what temple?
Temple of Aphrodite
Who threw sacred chickens overboard before the battle of Drepana?
Claudius Pulcher
What did Claudius Pulcher say before throwing the sacred chickens overboard?
If they won’t eat, let them drink
Who defeated Claudius Pulcher at Drepana?
Adherbal
At what battle of 249 B.C. was the consul Iunius Pullus defeated?
Cape Passaro
What battle was fought a few days after Drepana in 249 B.C.?
Cape Passaro
Who were the consuls of 249 B.C.?
Claudius Pulcher and Iunius Pullus
What year were Claudius Pulcher and Iunius Pullus serving as consular colleagues together?
249 B.C.
Who defeated Iunius Pullus at Cape Passaro?
Carthalo
Who became dictator after the disasters at Drepana and Cape Passaro in 249 B.C.?
Aulus Atilius Calatinus
What year was Aulus Atilius Calatinus elected dictator?
249 B.C.
What year was the battle of Adys?
255 B.C.
Who gained chief command in Sicily in the year 247 B.C.?
Hamilcar Barca
What two strongholds did Hamilcar capture in 247 B.C.?
Mt. Eryx and Mt. Hercte
What year did Hamilcar capture Mt. Eryx and Mt. Hercte?
247 B.C.
Who used Guerrilla warfare to capture Mt. Hercte and Mt. Eryx in 247 B.C.?
Hamilcar Barca
What consul along with Lutatius Catulus in 242 B.C. was a priest of Mars, and as such, was forbidden to leave the city?
Postumius Albinus
Lutatius Catulus and Postumius Albinus were serving as what in 242 B.C., which meant that they were forbidden to leave the city?
Priests of Mars
What year was the battle of Aegates Islands?
241 B.C.
What battle ended the first Punic War?
Aegates Islands
Who led the Romans at the battle of Aegates Islands in 241 B.C.?
Lutatius Catulus and Valerius Falto
Who did Lutatius Catulus and Valerius Falto defeat in 241 B.C. at Aegates Islands?
Hanno
What Carthaginian stronghold did Lutatius Catulus conquer after the Battle of Aegates Islands in 241 B.C.?
Lilybaeum
What year did Lutatius Catulus capture Lilybaeum?
241 B.C.
How was Gaius Duilius honored for his victory at Mylae?
A column was placed in the Forum
What Carthaginian was defeated at the battle of Aegates Islands?
Hanno the Great
Where did Hamilcar Barca defeat the Romans after raiding Italy, occupying it from 247-242 B.C.?
Mt. Hercte
What Spanish town did Hamilcar Barca found?
Barcino (Barcelona)
What were the ships called that the Romans built a fleet of in the First Punic War?
Quinqueremes
During what conflict did the Romans build a fleet called the “quinqueremes”?
First Punic War
What is the meaning of Hamilcar’s name “Barca”?
Blitz, Lightning
What battle off the coast of Drepana, where Lutatius Catulus cut off Hamilcar Barca’s supplies, ended the First Punic War?
Aegates Islands
What Carthaginian admirals won the battle of Lipari Islands in 260 B.C.?
Hannibal Gisgo and Boodes
What were the two chief magistrates of Carthage called?
Suffetes
Who was given an Eastern Sicilian strip from Cape Passaro to Mt. Etna following Syracuse aligning themselves with Rome?
Hiero II
What were the three Punic strongholds of the First Punic War?
Panormus, Drepana, Lilybaeum
The Spartan condottiere Xanthippus employed the use of what animals at Bagradas Valley?
Elephants
While on land before being defeated at Cape Passaro, Iunius Pullus was able to capture what city and take the temple of Aphrodite on the mountain behind Drepana?
Eryx
Who captured Eryx and took the Temple of Aphrodite before being defeated at Cape Passaro?
Iunius Pullus
How did Quintus Ennius describe the Carthaginians’ policy of half-measures during the First Punic War?
Peddling war
Where did Hiero II aid the Romans in 262 B.C.?
Agrigentum
What Syracusan king aided the Romans at the Battle of Agrigentum in 262 B.C.?
Hiero II
What Carthaginian leader was crucified by his own troops after their loss at Sulci (Sardinia) in 258 B.C.?
Hannibal Gisgo
Following what battle was Hannibal Gisgo crucified by his own troops for the loss?
Sulci (Sardinia)
How was Hannibal Gisgo killed after the battle of Sulci (Sardinia) in 258 B.C.?
Crucifixion
What Roman general won the naval battle of Sulci (Sardinia) in 258 B.C.?
Paterculus
Who led the Romans at the battle of Sulci (Sardinia) in 258 B.C.?
Paterculus
What Carthaginian was defeated at Mylae by Gaius Duilius?
Hannibal Gisgo
What temple did Lutatius Catulus construct in the Campus Martius following his victory at Aegates Islands?
Temple of Juturna
Who constructed the Temple of Juturna after his success at Aegates Islands?
Lutatius Catulus
After his success at what battle did Lutatius Catulus construct the Temple of Juturna in the Campus Martius?
Aegates Islands
What was the name of Lutatius Catulus’ co-consul of 241 B.C. who also fought at the battle of Aegates Islands?
Valerius Falto
Where did Marcus Atilius Regulus win a battle in 257 B.C., taking the town, resulting in a Roman alliance with Hiero II?
Tyndaris
Who led the Romans at the battle of Tyndaris in 257 B.C.?
Marcus Atilius Regulus
After what battle did the Romans sign a treaty with Hiero II?
Tyndaris
With whom did Rome sign a treaty following the battle of Tyndaris in 257 B.C.?
Hiero II
What peoples’ incursion into Sicily hastened the First Punic War?
Mamertines
The Mamertines’ incursion into what province hastened the First Punic War?
Sicily
Of what origin was Xanthippus?
Spartan
After what victory was the 1st major Roman fleet constructed?
Agrigentum
Who commanded the Carthaginian army during the latter portion of the First Punic War?
Hamilcar Barca
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla invaded and failed to capture the territory of Hiero II in what year?
263 B.C.
In 263 B.C., Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla invaded and failed to capture the territory of what man?
Hiero II
What was the last Carthaginian stronghold on Sicily?
Lilybaeum
Lilybaeum was the last Carthaginian stronghold on what province?
Sicily
In 262 B.C., what important Carthaginian base did the Romans capture?
Agrigentum
Who persuaded Hiero II of Syracuse to join the Romans against Carthage?
Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla
In what year did Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla lay siege to Syracuse?
263 B.C.
What city did Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla lay siege to in 263 B.C.?
Syracuse
From what years did Hamilcar Barca hold chief command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily?
247-242 B.C.
What Carthaginian stronghold in Sicily had a shrine sacred to Aphrodite?
Eryx
The Carthaginian stronghold of Eryx had a shrine sacred to what deity?
Aphrodite
After what war was an indemnity of 3,200 euboic talents placed upon the Carthaginians for 10 years?
First Punic War
For how long was the indemnity of 3,200 euboic talents placed upon the Carthaginians after the First Punic War?
10 years
How many total tribes were represented in the Comitia Tributa after the addition of the last tribes in 241 B.C.?
35
What year was Tiberius Coruncanius made the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus?
254 B.C.
Who was made the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus in 254 B.C.?
Tiberius Coruncanius
Tiberius Coruncanius was the first plebeian to hold what office?
Pontifex Maximus
What discharged Campanian mercenaries had been holding Messana since 288 B.C.?
Mamertines
Since what year had the Mamertines been holding Messana before the Romans seized it?
288 B.C.
What city had the Mamertines been holding since 288 B.C.?
Messana
In 259 B.C., the Romans lost their fleet while trying to take what Carthaginian colonies?
Corsica and Sardinia
What year did the Romans lose their fleet while trying to take the Carthaginian colonies of Corsica and Sardinia?
259 B.C.
How many galleys did Marcus Atilius Regulus and Manlius Vulso set out with to “conquer Africa”?
230
What landowner succeeded Hamilcar Barca in the fight against Rome in the First Punic War?
Hanno the Great
Where were the Carthaginian ships heading with supplies when they were intercepted and destroyed at Aegates Islands?
Lilybaeum
What conflict began when the populace voted to send an army overseas for the first time?
First Punic War
What elitist woman was fined heavily after she commented that it was too bad her brother (Claudius Pulcher at Drepana) was not around to lose another fleet and thin out the plebeian population a little more?
Claudia Pulchra
What year was the Via Appia extended from Capua to Brundisium?
264 B.C.
What was the route of the Via Appia after it was extended from Capua in 264 B.C.?
Rome to Brundisium
What year was Marcus Atilius Regulus tortured and killed in Carthage?
250 B.C.
What man’s torturous death perhaps included having been enclosed in a barrel or box with spikes driven through it?
Marcus Atilius Regulus
In 242 B.C., what did Rome adopt to complement the Praetor Urbanus, deciding cases involving foreigners?
Praetor Peregrinus
What international law was developed following the institution of the Praetor Peregrinus in 242 B.C.?
Ius Gentium
In what year did Rome adopt the Praetor Peregrinus?
242 B.C.
After 242 B.C., the office of the Praetor Peregrinus handled what?
Lawsuits involving foreigners
Prior to the Battle of Drepana, the Romans failed to besiege what Carthaginian stronghold and remained the last stronghold in Sicily, until finally being taken by the Romans in 241 B.C.?
Lilybaeum
Who was governing Lilybaeum during the attempted siege in 249 B.C.?
Hamilco
The Carthaginians were able to gain intelligence of the Roman navy at Drepana due to the efforts of what ship captain, who used a specially designed ship to break through the blockade enforced by the Romans at Lilybaeum in 249 B.C.?
Hannibal the Rhodian
What city in Sicily was saved from a siege when the Roman troops under Appius Claudius Caudex snuck across the straits in darkness and defeated both the Carthaginians and Syracusans?
Messana
What king of Syracuse, originally an ally of the Carthaginians, decided to switch his allegiance to Rome after the Carthaginians neglected to stop Caudex’s troops from crossing the strait of Messana?
Hiero II
A victory at what site resulted in the adoption of the elephant?
Panormus
What year was Brundisium colonized?
244 B.C.
What Roman town was colonized in 244 B.C.?
Brundisium
Second Punic War - Republic 218 - 201 B.C.
What year was the Lex Claudia passed?
218 B.C.
In 216 B.C., Philip V assembled a fleet of light ships for whose usage, however this plan was abandoned at the mere mention of an approaching Roman fleet?
Demetrius of Pharos
Whose assembled fleet was abandoned at the mere mention of an approaching Roman fleet?
Philip V
What year did Philip V assemble a fleet of light ships for Demetrius of Pharos, yet this plan was abandoned at the mere mention of an approaching Roman fleet?
216 B.C.
Who swore at age 9 to forever hate the Romans?
Hannibal
At what age did Hannibal swear to forever hate the Romans?
9
What law of 218 B.C. said that senators and their sons could not partake in overseas trade?
Lex Claudia
Who was the only senator to support the Lex Claudia?
Gaius Flaminius Nepos
What were the dates of the Second Punic War?
218-201 B.C.
How was Hasdrubal the Fair related to Hamilcar Barca?
Son-in-law
How was Hasdrubal the Fair related to Hannibal Barca?
Brother-in-law
What was the base of Carthage which was established during the Second Punic War called?
Carthago Nova
The siege of what city in 219 B.C. broke the rules of the Ebro Treaty?
Saguntum
What treaty did the Siege of Saguntum break?
Ebro Treaty
What politician tried to prevent Carthaginian expansion in Spain but failed?
Hanno
Hanno tried to prevent Carthaginian expansion in where?
Spain
What town did Carthage lay siege to, sparking the start of the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
What year did Carthage lay siege to Saguntum, thus starting the Second Punic War?
219 B.C.
What was the cause of the Second Punic War?
Hannibal crossed the Ebro River and laid siege to Saguntum
What year was the battle of Ticinus River?
218 B.C.
Who did Hannibal defeat at the battle of Ticinus River in 218 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio the Elder
At what battle did Hannibal defeat Publius Cornelius Scipio the Elder?
Ticinus River
Who saved Publius Scipio the Elder’s life in 218 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What year was the battle of Trebia River?
218 B.C.
At what battle of 218 B.C. did Scipio Africanus save his father?
Ticinus River
What battle was said by Livy to have been fought on the right bank of the river and was alternatively said by Polybius to have been fought on the left bank?
Trebia River
What pass did Hannibal probably use during the battle of Trebia River?
Pass of Colina
Hannibal probably used the Pass of Colina during what battle of 218 B.C.?
Trebia River
Near what river was the battle of Cannae fought?
Aufidus River
What battle was fought near the Aufidus River?
Cannae
What was the first battle of the Second Punic War?
Lilybaeum
What year was the naval battle at Lilybaeum during the Second Punic War?
218 B.C.
What battle came directly after the battle at Lilybaeum and was the second battle of four fought in 218 B.C.?
Cissa
What was the third battle of 218 B.C.?
Ticinus River
What was the fourth and final battle of the year 218 B.C.?
Trebia River
Who were Hannibal’s brothers?
Hasdrubal Barca and Mago Barca
What year was the battle of Cissa?
218 B.C.
What uncle of Scipio Africanus was victorious at the battle of Cissa?
Gnaeus Scipio Calvus
How was Gnaeus Scipio Calvus related to Scipio Africanus?
Uncle
For how many years did Hannibal fight Rome?
16
What year did Hannibal cross the Alps?
218 B.C.
How many elephants did Hannibal take with him over the Pyrenees and Alps in 218 B.C.?
37
How many of Hannibal’s elephants survived the march through the Alps?
All 37 of them
After a severe ice storm hit northern Italy following the Battle of Trebia River, how many elephants of Hannibal survived?
1
Following the Battle of Trebia River, what was the name of the only elephant to survive the severe ice storm who would later become Hannibal’s personal war elephant?
Surus
What was the meaning of the name “Surus”, Hannibal’s personal war elephant?
The Syrian
Who did Hannibal defeat at the Battle of Trebia River in 218 B.C.?
Tiberius Sempronius Longus
At what battle did Hannibal defeat Tiberius Sempronius Longus in 218 B.C.?
Trebia River
What year was the battle of Lake Trasimene?
217 B.C.
Who did Hannibal defeat and kill at the battle of Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius Nepos
At what battle of 217 B.C. did Hannibal have one of the most successful ambushes in military history?
Lake Trasimene
Which of Hannibal’s famous victories involved the ambush of the consul Gaius Flaminius’ army under thick fog that ended in the consul’s death in 217 B.C.?
Lake Trasimene
What natural occurrence aided Hannibal in his ambush of the consul Gaius Flaminius at Lake Trasimene in 217 B.C.?
Thick fog (along with an earthquake)
Who was elected dictator after the disaster at Lake Trasimene in 217 B.C.?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Who defeated Antiochus III at Raphia in 217 B.C.?
Ptolemy IV
Who was defeated by Ptolemy IV at Raphia in 217 B.C.?
Antiochus III
Where was Antiochus III defeated by Ptolemy IV in 217 B.C.?
Raphia
What year was Antiochus III defeated by Ptolemy IV at Raphia?
217 B.C.
Who led the Romans against Hannibal at the battle of Ager Falernus in 217 B.C.?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Whose accension to the Roman dictatorship was fueled in part by daily meetings of the senate?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
At what battle of 217 B.C. did Fabius Maximus Verrucosus almost capture Hannibal before he escaped by tying torches to the horns of cattle to scare the Romans away?
Ager Falernus
How did Hannibal escape capture at the hands of Fabius Maximus Verrucosus at Ager Falernus in 217 B.C.?
Tied torches to the horns of cattle
Whose election for dictator was very unique?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Who received the agnomen “Cunctator” for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Who was known as “Shield of Rome”?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Whose Magister Equitum was Minucius Rufus?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Who was Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus’ Magister Equitum?
Minucius Rufus
What year was the battle of Cannae? (worst Roman defeat up to that point)
216 B.C.
What proconsul of 216 B.C. fought at Cannae along with Varro and Paullus?
Gnaeus Servilius Geminus
What was Gnaeus Servilius Geminus serving as while he fought at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C.?
Proconsul
What two Roman commanders did Hannibal defeat at the battle of Cannae?
Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus (Paullus died in battle)
What tactic did Hannibal use at the battle of Cannae?
Encirclement
Who returned from the battle of Cannae to a warm reception despite the disaster?
Terentius Varro
What were the disgraced soldiers sent to do for 10 years after the battle of Cannae?
Labor on Sicily
For how many years were the soldiers of Varro sent to labor on Sicily, following the disaster at Cannae?
10
According to Livy, at what battle did an earthquake occur in 217 B.C.?
Lake Trasimene
At what site did Gnaeus Scipio Calvus have a victory in 217 B.C.?
Ebro River
At what battle did Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus almost capture Hannibal before he escaped by tying torches to the horns of cattle to scare the Romans in 217 B.C.?
Ager Falernus
What year was the battle of Ager Falernus?
217 B.C.
What was Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator’s original cognomen which meant “warty” referring to a wart above his upper lip?
Verrucosus
Where did Cunctator have a wart which is what gave him the original agnomen “Verrucosus” meaning “warty”?
Above his upper lip
Who was named “Ovicula” meaning “Little Sheep” in his childhood for his mildness and willingness to follow others about?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
What nickname meaning “Little Sheep” did Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus earn for himself for his mildness and willingness to follow others about?
Ovicula
What did Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus’ nickname “Ovicula” mean?
Little Sheep
What were the dates of the revolt of Capua?
216-211 B.C.
Though they controlled it in 217, the Romans lost what town to Hannibal but later won it back due to the efforts of Claudius Marcellus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus in 215 B.C.?
Casilinum
What were the dates of the siege of Casilinum?
216-215 B.C.
Due to the efforts of what two men were the Romans able to recapture Casilinum in 215 B.C.?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
What year were Claudius Marcellus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus finally able to recapture Casilinum?
215 B.C.
What year was Capua recaptured after its revolt?
211 B.C.
Who were the Romans under during the revolt of Capua?
Fulvius Flaccus
What were the dates of the revolt of Tarentum?
212-209 B.C.
What year was Tarentum recaptured after its revolt?
209 B.C.
Until what year did Hiero II rule Syracuse?
215 B.C.
What grandson of Hiero II succeeded him and supported Carthage instead of Rome which is who Hiero II supported?
Hieronymus
What year did Hieronymus die?
214 B.C.
What year was Syracuse recaptured after the Romans laid siege to it?
211 B.C.
Who was responsible for the design of the weapons for Syracuse, but died during the siege in 211 B.C.?
Archimedes
What year did Archimedes die during the Siege of Syracuse?
211 B.C.
Who defeated Claudius Marcellus during his siege of Syracuse by his creative inventions?
Archimedes
Who did Archimedes defeat during the siege of Syracuse by his creative inventions?
Claudius Marcellus
Who were the Romans carried on by during the siege of Syracuse?
Claudius Marcellus
Who was known as “Sword of Rome”?
Claudius Marcellus
What famous scientist was accidentally killed after the Romans rushed the city?
Archimedes
How old was Scipio Africanus when he saved his father at Ticinus River in 218 B.C.?
17
What does the agnomen “Cunctator” mean?
Delayer
Following the Battle of Cannae, Hannibal came within sight of Rome but turned back for what reason?
Lack of troops
Although outnumbered in ships, 35-40, where in 217 B.C. did Gnaeus Scipio Calvus defeat the Carthaginians led by Hamilco and Hasdrubal Barca?
Ebro River
Who led the Carthaginians at the battle of Ebro River in 217 B.C.?
Hasdrubal Barca and Hamilco
What year was there a battle fought at Ebro River?
217 B.C.
Who led the Romans to victory over Hasdrubal Barca and Hamilco at the battle of Ebro River in 217 B.C.?
Gnaeus Scipio Calvus
What 3 men were collectively known as “The Lion’s Brood”?
Hannibal, Hasdrubal, and Mago (3 Barca brothers)
What were Hannibal, Hasdrubal, and Mago collectively known as?
The Lion’s Brood
Who led the anti-Barcan faction in Carthage during the Second Punic War?
Hanno the Great
What coin was introduced during the Second Punic War?
Denarius
Who was the first man to be proconsul without being consul in 209 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What year did Scipio Africanus become proconsul?
209 B.C.
What Carthaginian politician proposed venturing into Africa rather than Italy during the Second Punic War?
Hanno the Great
What year did the siege of Saguntum start?
219 B.C.
For how long did the Siege of Saguntum last?
8 months
How many Romans were there at Cannae, of which almost all were lost?
50000
How many Carthaginians were there at Cannae, of which only 6,000 were lost?
40000
What was Varro thanked for by the senate after returning from Cannae?
Not despairing of the Republic
Who was thanked for “not despairing of the Republic”?
Terentius Varro
In 213 B.C., what frontier post did Claudius Marcellus capture where he slaughtered a great number of people?
Leontini
Who captured Leontini in 213 B.C.?
Claudius Marcellus
What year did Claudius Marcellus capture Leontini?
213 B.C.
Syracuse responded to Claudius Marcellus’ slaughter at Leontini by renewing their treaty with Carthage that had first been enacted by what successor of Hiero II?
Hieronymus
Who designed cranes for Syracuse that could drop weights on warships or lift a lesser craft out of the water?
Archimedes
What floating siege tower with grappling hooks did the Romans attempt to capture the city of Syracuse with?
Sambuca
The Romans attempted to capture what city in 211 B.C., using siege towers with grappling hooks called “sambuca”?
Syracuse
Around 213 B.C., where did the Punic government establish a base, however in 210 B.C., it was given back to Rome by mutinous Carthaginians?
Agrigentum
Where were citizens slaughtered by a Roman commander which led to most of the Sicilian towns allying themselves with Carthage?
Enna
What Roman province saw a revolt in 215 B.C. which led to the Carthaginians sending an envoy to reclaim it, however, both of these uprisings were stopped by the Romans?
Sardinia
Where was Gnaeus Scipio Calvus based to begin the Second Punic War?
Emporiae
Who was based at Emporiae at the start of the Second Punic War?
Gnaeus Scipio Calvus
At what age did Hannibal gain command in 221 B.C.?
25
What year did Hannibal gain command at age 25?
221 B.C.
After the battle of Ebro River, Publius Scipio the Elder arrived with reinforcements to aid Gnaeus Scipio. Where did they camp which still has traces of it left today?
Saguntum
Who did Hannibal leave in command of Carthago Nova when he marched on Italy?
Hasdrubal Barca
After the defeat at Trebia River, Tiberius Sempronius Longus was recalled from his planned invasion of what country?
Africa
Who were the consuls of 218 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio the Elder, Tiberius Sempronius Longus
Who were the consuls of 217 B.C.?
Gaius Flaminius Nepos, Gnaeus Servilius Geminus
What assembly appointed Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus’ Magister Equitum instead of letting him choose?
Comitia Centuriata
The Comitia Centuriata appointed what man’s Magister Equitum (Minucius Rufus) instead of letting him choose?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Who were the consuls of 216 B.C.?
Gaius Terentius Varro, Lucius Aemilius Paullus
What two young Roman leaders escaped Cannae?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Marcus Claudius Marcellus
How many attacks from Hannibal did Claudius Marcellus repel at Nola?
3
On what road was Gnaeus Servilius Geminus and 4,000 cavalrymen ambushed and killed as they were on their way to aid Flaminius at Lake Trasimene?
Via Flaminia
What general was ambushed along with 4,000 cavalrymen as he was on his way to aid Flaminius at Lake Trasimene in 217 B.C.?
Gnaeus Servilius Geminus
Who was said to be rash, impulsive, and headstrong and would always disagree with Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus?
Minucius Rufus
In what year was Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus quaestor?
237 B.C.
In what year was Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus censor?
230 B.C.
How many times was Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus consul?
5
Where did Claudius Marcellus repel three separate attacks from Hannibal in the Second Punic War?
Nola
What praetor of Sicily led the Romans at the battle of Lilybaeum in 218 B.C.?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
The Po Valley fell into the possession of Carthage after what battle of 218 B.C.?
Trebia River
What valley fell into the possession of Carthage after the Battle of Trebia River?
Po Valley
Cornus, Silaria, and Herdonia were all sites of minor battles during what conflict?
Second Punic War
What uncle of Scipio Africanus won a victory at Cissa in 218 B.C.?
Gnaeus Scipio Calvus
Who recaptured Capua for the Romans in 211 B.C. with trenches because Hannibal was at Tarentum?
Fulvius Flaccus
How did Fulvius Flaccus capture Capua in 211 B.C.?
Trenches
Who recaptured Tarentum for the Romans in 209 B.C.?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Who defeated Hasdrubal at Dertosa?
Publius and Gnaeus Scipio
What year was the battle of Dertosa?
215 B.C.
Who did Publius and Gnaeus Scipio defeat at the Battle of Dertosa in 215 B.C.?
Hasdrubal Barca
At what battle of 215 B.C. did Publius and Gnaeus Scipio defeat the Carthaginians under Hasdrubal Barca?
Dertosa
Who did Scipio Africanus defeat at Baecula?
Hasdrubal Barca
Who defeated Hasdrubal Barca at Baecula in 208 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What Roman admiral was sent to the Adriatic in 214 B.C. to wage a domestic war against Philip V?
Marcus Valerius Laevinus
What year was Marcus Valerius Laevinus sent to the Adriatic to wage a domestic war against Philip V?
214 B.C.
What Roman admiral was stationed at Brundisium and later sailed to Greece and landed at Apollonia to break up the alliance between Philip V and Hannibal during the First Macedonian War?
Marcus Valerius Laevinus
Who served as praetor in 215 B.C. before landing at Apollonia to break up the alliance between Philip V and Hannibal?
Marcus Valerius Laevinus
What year did Marcus Valerius Laevinus serve as praetor?
215 B.C.
What position did Marcus Valerius Laevinus hold in 215 B.C.?
Praetor
Who did the Romans ally with in 212/211 B.C. during the First Macedonian War?
Aetolians and Attalus I
After which battle in 216 B.C. did Hannibal’s cavalry commander, Maharbal, remark, “You, Hannibal, know how to gain a victory; you do not know how to use it.”?
Cannae
What cavalry commander remarked after the battle of Cannae, “You, Hannibal, know how to gain a victory; you do not know how to use it.”?
Maharbal
Under whom did Maharbal serve as cavalry commander?
Hannibal
Which dictator advocated not confronting Hannibal directly, but rather to delay and hinder him whenever possible?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
What Roman general stayed behind in Spain after Hannibal reached the Alps?
Gnaeus Scipio Calvus
What tribe opposed Hannibal’s march through the Alps?
Allobroges
Whose march through the Alps did the Allobroges oppose?
Hannibal
What man was killed within minutes at the Battle of Lake Trasimene in 217 B.C.?
Gaius Flaminius Nepos
What general was so successful in Spain that his Spanish allies tried to hail him as king?
Gnaeus Scipio Calvus
After 3 unsuccessful attacks in Campania, what town did Hannibal take by siege in 212 B.C.?
Tarentum
Which of the consuls of 216 B.C. was a novus homo?
Terentius Varro
After his success at Cannae, Hannibal incited which city in southern Italy to revolt by promising that it would replace Rome as the most important Italian town?
Capua
What two Vestal Virgins became scapegoats for the disaster at Cannae on the ground that they had been unchaste?
Floronia and Opimia
The Vestal Virgins Floronia and Opimia became scapegoats for the disaster at what battle on the grounds that they had been unchaste?
Cannae
What was another name for the Battle of Dertosa?
Ibera
What battle is also referred to as the Battle of Ibera?
Dertosa
The Carthaginians won their only land battle without being led by Hannibal in the Second Punic War at what site in Spain c. 211 B.C., at which Publius Scipio the Elder and Gnaeus Scipio Calvus were killed?
Upper Baetis
Gnaeus Scipio died after engaging Hasdrubal Barca in battle in the hinterland of what Spanish port city?
Carthago Nova
What year was Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus elected curule aedile?
213 B.C.
What famous scientist was responsible for the defense of Syracuse?
Archimedes
What king did Philip V sign a treaty with in 203 B.C.?
Antiochus III
What year did Philip V sign a treaty with Antiochus III?
203 B.C.
What does the name “Barca” mean?
Lightning, Blitz
With what group did Philip V sign a treaty in 206 B.C.?
Aetolian League
What year did Philip V sign a treaty with the Aetolian League?
206 B.C.
Where had Quinctius Flamininus been made propraetor in 205 B.C.?
Tarentum
What year was Quinctius Flamininus made propraetor in Tarentum?
205 B.C.
With what group did Valerius Laevinus sign a treaty in 211 B.C. which weakened Philip V’s land power?
Aetolian League
What year did Marcus Valerius Laevinus sign a treaty with the Aetolian League?
211 B.C.
Who was made propraetor in Tarentum in 205 B.C.?
Quinctius Flamininus
After what battle did the Romans flee to Canusium where they were provided with clothes, money, and provisions at huge expense of the noble woman Busa?
Cannae
At what battle of 203 B.C. did Scipio Africanus along with Gaius Laelius and Masinissa defeat Hasdrubal Gisgo and Syphax?
Campi Magni
Where did the Romans flee to after the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C.?
Canusium
What was the name of the wealthy woman who provided the Romans with provisions at Canusium after the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C.?
Busa
What were the dates of the Siege of Syracuse?
213-212 B.C.
What year was the Battle of Dertosa?
215 B.C.
What two brothers defeated Hasdrubal in 211 B.C.?
Publius Scipio the Elder and Gnaeus Scipio Calvus
What were the dates of the Siege of Nola?
216-214 B.C.
Cornus, Silarus, and Herdonia were all battles fought in what war?
Second Punic War
What were Archimedes’ last words?
Don’t disturb my circles
What Roman general denied Hannibal the city of Nola?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
What year did Publius Scipio the Elder and Gnaeus Scipio Calvus die?
211 B.C.
Where were Publius Scipio the Elder and Gnaeus Scipio Calvus killed by Hasdrubal (son of Gisgo) and Mago Barca in 211 B.C.?
Upper Baetis
What year was the battle of Castullo?
211 B.C.
What year was the battle of Ilorica?
211 B.C.
What enterprising knight was elected commander by the remnants of the Scipio brothers’ army and managed to stabilize the situation with Hannibal north of the Ebro?
Marcius
According to Polybius, who, when he arrived in Rome in 210 B.C., questioned everyone he met about the country and its people and integrated this information into his plans?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What year did Scipio Africanus arrive in Rome?
210 B.C.
What famous commander arrived in Rome in 210 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Who was given proconsular imperium in 210 B.C. after his father and uncle died?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Who was the first Privatus to be given proconsular imperium?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What year was the capture of new Carthage?
209 B.C.
What city was captured in 209 B.C.?
Carthago Nova
Where was Scipio Africanus’ first victory in Spain?
Carthago Nova
What year did Scipio Africanus have his first victory in Spain at Carthago Nova?
209 B.C.
What year was the battle of Baecula?
208 B.C.
What city’s capture in 210 B.C., with the help of treacherous Carthaginian auxiliaries, ended the Sicilian resistance to the Romans?
Agrigentum
What year, during the Second Punic War, was Agrigentum captured?
210 B.C.
What was Scipio Africanus’ first major battle after he took over Spain, at which he defeated Hasdrubal Barca?
Baecula
Who led the Romans at Baecula in 208 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Who did Scipio Africanus defeat at Baecula in 208 B.C.?
Hasdrubal Barca
What year was the battle of Metaurus River?
207 B.C.
At what battle did Hasdrubal Barca die in 207 B.C.?
Metaurus River
Who defeated Hasdrubal Barca at the battle of Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
How did Hasdrubal Barca die?
Decapitation
Where did the Romans throw Hasdrubal Barca’s decapitated head?
Carthaginian camp
What year was the battle of Ilipa?
206 B.C.
At what battle was Hasdrubal Gisgo and Mago Barca defeated by Silanus in 206 B.C.?
Ilipa
What Barcid did Scipio Africanus defeat at Ilipa in 206 B.C.?
Mago Barca
At what battle did Scipio Africanus defeat Mago Barca in 206 B.C.?
Ilipa
Who defeated Mago Barca at Ilipa in 206 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus and Marcus Iunius Silanus
What two Carthaginians did Silanus defeat in 206 B.C. at Ilipa?
Hasdrubal Gisgo and Mago Barca
Who defeated Hasdrubal Gisgo and Mago Barca at Ilipa in 206 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus and Marcus Iunius Silanus
What surviving brother of Hannibal Barca was commissioned to raise fresh troops and launch an invasion on northern Italy, which ultimately failed?
Mago Barca
What was Scipio Africanus’ full name?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Who cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
At what Spanish city did Scipio Africanus receive the Carthaginians’ official surrender, following the Battle of Ilipa?
Gades (Cadiz)
What Roman general received the Carthaginians’ official surrender at Gades, following the Battle of Ilipa?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What was the collective name which was given to the battles of Illorica and Castullo?
Upper Baetis
What year was the battle of Cartagena?
209 B.C.
At what battle of 207 B.C. had Cato the Elder been praised for his efforts as a military tribune?
Metaurus River
Who was praised for his efforts as a military tribune at the battle of Metaurus River in 207 B.C.?
Cato the Elder
What year was the battle of Campi Magni? (Great Plains)
203 B.C.
Who wanted to take the war to Africa, though his request for resources was refused by the senate?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Who did Scipio Africanus and Masinissa fight at the battle of Campi Magni in 203 B.C.?
Hasdrubal Gisgo and Syphax
When Scipio landed at Utica in 204 B.C. he became involved in the quarrels between what two Numidian kings?
Masinissa and Syphax
What Numidian king won the hand of Sophonisba, deposed Masinissa, and allied himself with Carthage?
Syphax
Who was the daughter of Hasdrubal Gisgo?
Sophonisba
Who was the father of Sophonisba?
Hasdrubal Gisgo
Where was Syphax’s capital?
Cirta
What beautiful daughter of Hasdrubal Gisgo were Masinissa and Syphax competing to marry?
Sophonisba
How did Sophonisba die?
Suicide (poison)
What year was Scipio Africanus’ request for resources refused?
205 B.C.
Who relied on volunteers including the soldiers who had been sent to Sicily after Cannae after his request for resources was refused in 205 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
In 204 B.C., Scipio Africanus was severely criticized in the Senate for secretly allowing the misconduct of what officer who had been guilty of sacrilege and other crimes in the Italian town of Locri?
Quintus Pleminius
What Roman general was severely criticized in the Senate in 204 B.C. for secretly allowing the misconduct of the officer Quintus Pleminius who had been guilty of sacrilege and other crimes in the Italian town of Locri?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What year was Scipio Africanus severely criticized in the Senate for secretly allowing the misconduct of the officer Quintus Pleminius who had been guilty of sacrilege and other crimes in the Italian town of Locri?
204 B.C.
In 204 B.C., Scipio Africanus was severely criticized for secretely allowing the misconduct of the officer Quintus Pleminius who had been guilty of sacrilege and other crimes in what Italian town?
Locri
What was Quintus Pleminius guilty of in the Italian town of Locri, which Scipio Africanus ignored in 204 B.C.?
Sacrilege
Scipio Africanus along with what two other men defeated Hasdrubal Gisgo and Syphax at the battle of Campi Magni in 203 B.C.?
Gaius Laelius and Masinissa
Who were the enemy leaders at the battle of Campi Magni in 203 B.C.?
Hasdrubal Gisgo and Syphax
What year was the battle Zama?
202 B.C.
What 3 men defeated Hannibal at Zama?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Gaius Laelius, Masinissa
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Zama
What name does Livy give to the battle of Zama?
Naragarra
What author gives the battle of Zama the name “Naragarra”?
Livy
Who was nominated dictator in 202 B.C. for the formal business of holding elections and attempted to prolong his term of office in defiance of established usage, thereby giving the finishing stroke to a moribund institution?
Gaius Servilius Geminus
What year was Gaius Servilius nominated dictator for the formal business of holding elections and attempted to prolong his term of office in defiance of established usage, thereby giving the finishing stroke to a moribund institution?
202 B.C.
Who was the final dictator for over 100 years until Sulla came along?
Gaius Servilius Geminus
What province did Carthage lose forever after the battle of Zama?
Hispania
What Numidian king aided Scipio Africanus in defeating Hannibal at Zama?
Masinissa
Who was a famous mid-republic figure for his conservative, anti-Greek mindset?
Cato the Elder
What law made in 215 B.C. limited some laws?
Lex Oppia
What year was the Lex Oppia passed?
215 B.C.
What law forbade any woman to possess more than half an ounce of gold, to wear a multi-colored garment (particularly those trimmed in purple), or to ride in an animal-drawn vehicle in the city or any town or within a mile thereof, except in the case of public religious festivals?
Lex Oppia
What law forbade women to wear a multi-colored garment except in the case of public religious festivals?
Lex Oppia
What politician was initially a staunch supporter of the Lex Oppia, though his opinion changed following the Second Punic War?
Cato the Elder
What name does Polybius give to the battle of Zama?
Margaron
What author gives the battle of Zama the name “Margaron”?
Polybius
What name does Appian give to the battle of Zama?
Killa
What author gives the battle of Zama the name “Killa”?
Appian
Who was the wife of Scipio Africanus?
Aemilia Tertia
What alternate name did Scipio Africanus’ only wife, Aemilia Tertia, have?
Aemilia Paulla
Who was the brother of Aemilia Tertia (Scipio Africanus’ wife)?
Aemilius Paullus
In 204 B.C. what supposed granddaughter of Appius Claudius Caecus is said to have been instrumental in bringing the goddess Cybele, “Great Mother” of the gods, from her shrine at Pessinus, Asia Minor to Rome and vindicated herself by single-handedly freeing the ship bearing the black stone that embodied her when it got stuck in the riverbed?
Claudia Quinta
How did Claudia Quinta help to get the goddess Cybele, “Great Mother”, from her shrine at Pessinus to Rome?
Single-handedly freed the ship bearing the black stone that embodied her when it got stuck in the riverbed
What year did Claudia Quinta help to bring the goddess Cybele from her shrine at Pessinus, Asia Minor to Rome?
204 B.C.
From where was the cult of Cybele brought to Rome in 204 B.C.?
Pessinus (Asia Minor)
By the good offices of what king was a Roman deputation able to bring home Cybele from her sanctuary at Pessinus in the form of a black fetish-stone?
Attalus I
How was Claudia Quinta said to be related to Appius Claudius Caecus?
Granddaughter
What Numidian cavalry commander aided the Romans at Campi Magni in 203 B.C.?
Masinissa
What Carthaginian was defeated at Campi Magni in 203 B.C.?
Hasdrubal Gisgo
What Numidian was defeated at Campi Magni?
Syphax
What city defected after the disaster at Cannae?
Capua
Who was the Italian cavalry commander who, along with Masinissa, outflanked Hannibal at Zama?
Gaius Laelius
What lieutenant of Scipio Africanus defeated Mago and Hanno at Ilipa, dispersing Mago’s troops, and leading to the capture of Hanno?
Marcus Iunius Silanus
After the defeat at Ilipa and giving up of Spain by the Carthaginians in 206 B.C., where did Hannibal go into exile for 4 years?
Bruttium
What year did Hannibal go into exile at Bruttium?
206 B.C.
Who went into exile at Bruttium in 206 B.C.?
Hannibal
For how many years did Hannibal go into exile at Bruttium?
4
Who brought the Cult of Cybele to Rome in the form of a black stone?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
Who established Italica (modern Santiponce) in Spain in 206 B.C., out of which came the future emperors Trajan and Hadrian?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Who led the Carthaginians against the Romans at Upper Baetis in 211 B.C.?
Hasdrubal Gisgo and Mago Barca
What was the first African city to join the Romans during the Second Punic War in 204 B.C.?
Utica
What Carthaginian was mortally wounded in 203 B.C. while raiding Northern Italy?
Mago Barca
In 210 B.C., what 25 year-old ex-aedile was given chief command of the Roman army after the defeats of Gnaeus and Publius Scipio?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
How old was Scipio Africanus when he was given chief command in 210 B.C.?
25
What year was Scipio Africanus given command of the Roman army?
210 B.C.
What Carthaginian raided the Balearic Islands?
Mago Barca
Who opposed Scipio Africanus’ plan to invade Africa in 206 B.C.?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Whose plans to invade Africa did Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus oppose in 206 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What Numidian cavalry commander had taken part in the destruction of Gnaeus Scipio Calvus’ army at Carthago Nova in 211 B.C.?
Masinissa
Scipio Africanus was able to capture what base when a strong north wind pushed the waters back so they could take the outside walls in 209 B.C.?
Carthago Nova
Who captured Carthago Nova for the Romans in 209 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
How were the Romans under Scipio Africanus able to capture Carthago Nova in 209 B.C.?
A strong north wind pushed the waters back so they could take the outside walls
What title did Scipio Africanus receive after capturing Carthago Nova when a strong north wind pushed the waters back so he could take the outside walls?
Neptune’s general
Who possessed the title “Neptune’s general”?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Where did Mago land with an army in 205 B.C.?
Genua
What Carthaginian general landed at Genua in 205 B.C.?
Mago Barca
In what year was Cato the Elder assigned to Scipio as quaestor in Sicily?
204 B.C.
In 204 B.C., Cato the Elder was assigned to Scipio as quaestor in what province?
Sicily
Who was assigned to Scipio as quaestor in Sicily in 204 B.C.?
Cato the Elder
Who was the Carthaginian governor of Numidia close to the end of the Second Punic War?
Hasdrubal Gisgo
Where did Scipio Africanus surround and burn the camp of Syphax in 204 B.C.?
Utica
What year did Scipio Africanus surround and burn Syphax’s camp at Utica?
204 B.C.
What did Masinissa provide Sophonisba with so she would not be shamed in Scipio’s parade?
Poison
Who asked for peace with the Romans in 201 B.C.?
Hannibal
What year did Hannibal ask for peace, following the Battle of Zama?
201 B.C.
To what Carthaginian position was Hannibal elected in 196 B.C.?
Sophet (Judge)
What year was Hannibal elected Sophet (Judge)?
196 B.C.
What was the Carthaginian position of a judge?
Sophet
Who led Mago’s cavalry at Ilipa in 206 B.C.?
Masinissa
Who did Hasdrubal Gisgo betroth his daughter, Sophonisba, to at first?
Masinissa
Who was the second man that Hasdrubal Gisgo betrothed his daughter Sophonisba to?
Syphax
Of what origin was Sophonisba?
Carthaginian
Of what origin was Hasdrubal Gisgo?
Carthaginian
Of what tribe was Syphax the king?
Masaesyli
Who did Sophonisba end up marrying after this man defeated his rival?
Masinissa
After the Second Punic War, Carthage was forced to accept what man as the legitimate Numidian king?
Masinissa
In what year was the cult of the Great Mother (Cybele) formally established in Rome?
204 B.C.
Whose cult was formally established in Rome in 204 B.C.?
Great Mother (Cybele)
What Carthaginian defeat led to the recall of Hannibal to Africa?
Campi Magni
The Carthaginian loss at Campi Magni led to the recall of what man to Africa?
Hannibal
What Carthaginian leader in the Second Punic War died on a voyage back home from Genua in 205 B.C.?
Mago Barca
Mago Barca died on a voyage back home from what Italian city in 205 B.C.?
Genua
Mago Barca died on a voyage back home from Genua in what year?
205 B.C.
In what year was the denarius first introduced into Roman currency?
212 B.C.
What Roman coin was first introduced in 212 B.C.?
Denarius
Many Romans attributed victory in the Second Punic War to the arrival of what cult in 204 B.C.?
Magna Mater (Cybele)
What Punic commander raised fresh troops in the Balearic Islands and attempted to invade northern Italy as Scipio Africanus was invading mainland Africa?
Mago Barca
On what western islands did Mago Barca raise fresh troops before attempting to invade northern Italy?
Balearic Islands
Mago Barca was recalled to Carthage after he was defeated and wounded at what site in 205 B.C.?
Genua
What year was Mago Barca recalled to Carthage after he was defeated and wounded at Genua?
205 B.C.
At what battle did the Romans capture Sophonisba?
Campi Magni
Who did the Romans capture at the battle of Campi Magni in 203 B.C.?
Sophonisba
The Roman victory at what battle can be partially credited to an intercepted message of Hasdrubal Barca, which asked his brother to meet him in Umbria?
Metaurus River
The victory at Metaurus River can be partially credited to an intercepted message written by what man?
Hasdrubal Barca
In a letter from Hasdrubal Barca which was intercepted prior to the Battle of Metaurus River, Hasdrubal asked his brother to meet him in what Italian reigon?
Umbria
In the peace treaty that followed the battle of Zama, what were the 3 terms that the Carthaginians had to abide by?
Pay an indemnity, Fleet downsized and limited to 10 ships, Carthage could not wage war without Rome’s consent
Paying an indemnity, the limiting of the Punic fleet to 10 ships, and Carthage not being allowed to wage war without Rome’s consent were the terms set forth in the peace treaty following what war?
Second Punic War
Third Punic War-Republic 149-146 B.C.
What were the dates of the Third Punic War?
149-146 B.C.
What was the casus belli of the Third Punic War?
Numidia was raiding Carthaginian territory
What did Rome do once the Third Punic War started in 149 B.C.?
Laid siege to Carthage
By whom was Carthage defended during the Third Punic War?
Hasdrubal the Boetharch
How did Rome further humiliate Carthage after the Third Punic War?
Sewed their fields with salt
Who stormed Carthage in 146 B.C. and destroyed it?
Scipio Aemilianus
Who was the first Roman to shave daily?
Scipio Aemilianus
Scipio Aemilianus was the first Roman to bring what form of self-care into fashion?
Shaving daily
What year did Africa become a province of Rome?
146 B.C.
What Roman province was created with Carthage and its surrounding territory in 146 B.C.?
Africa
What Roman general is said to have wept as he watched Carthage burn and feared that the same fate would come to Rome one day?
Scipio Aemilianus
What is Scipio Aemilianus said to have done while watching Carthage burn as he feared that the same fate would come to Rome one day?
Wept
Who was Scipio Aemilianus’ biological father?
Aemilius Paullus
Who was the king of Numidia at the time of the Third Punic War?
Masinissa
What historian accompanied Scipio Aemilianus during the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C.?
Polybius
What did Cato the Elder use to demonstrate the Punic threat?
Figs (from Carthage)
What was the boundary of Roman Africa?
Fossa Scipionis
What was Cato the Elder’s full quote about his hate towards Carthage?
Censeo Carthaginem esse delendam
What did Cato the Elder’s full quote, “Censeo Carthaginem esse delendam” mean?
In my opinion, Carthage must be destroyed
What is the shortened version of Cato the Elder’s quote?
Carthago delenda est
What assembly declared war on Carthage in 149 B.C.?
Comitia Centuriata
Who did Masinissa ask to arrange for Numidia’s future?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
How long did the Romans fight in Carthage once they made it inside the city?
6 days
After making it inside the walls, the Romans only took 6 days to capture what city?
Carthage
At the end of the Third Punic War, which city became the capital of the new Roman province of Africa?
Utica
At the end of what war did Utica become the capital of the new Roman province of Africa?
Third Punic War
What city and its surrounding territory became the Roman province of Africa in 146 B.C.?
Carthage
How many Carthaginians were sold into slavery after the capture of Carthage in 146 B.C.?
50000
What member of the Scipio family opposed Cato the Elder by ending all of his speeches with “Carthago servanda est” or “Carthage must be saved”?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum
With what sentence did Scipio Nasica Corculum end all of his speeches?
Carthago servanda est (Carthage must be saved)
What man did Scipio Nasica Corculum oppose by ending all of his speeches with “Carthago servanda est” or “Carthage must be saved”?
Cato the Elder
Conquest of the Western Mediterranean-Republic
What Roman fortress did the Gauls destroy in 200 B.C.?
Placentia
What year did the Gauls destroy the Roman fortress at Placentia?
200 B.C.
What group requested that Antiochus III invade Greece?
Achaean League
The Achaean League requested that what man go to war with Greece?
Antiochus III
What year was the annexation of Istria?
177 B.C.
What Roman, alongside Philopoemen, defeated Nabis of Sparta at Gythium in 195 B.C.?
Quinctius Flamininus
Of what origin was Philopoemen?
Achaean
In 196 B.C., Mediolanum was colonized by Rome. What Gallic tribe had Mediolanum as a center for their people?
Insubres
What year was Mediolanum colonized by Rome?
196 B.C.
What city was colonized by Rome in 196 B.C.?
Mediolanum
What province was Cato the Elder given the governorship of to restore order in 195 B.C.?
Hispania Citerior
Who was given the governorship of Hispania Citerior in 195 B.C.?
Cato the Elder
What year was Cato the Elder given governorship over Hispania Citerior?
195 B.C.
After signing a treaty with each other, Philip V and Antiochus III made a joint attack on what boy-king of Egypt from 202-201 B.C.?
Ptolemy V
What two men signed a treaty with each other in 203 B.C., then went on to lead a joint attack on Ptolemy V from 202-201 B.C.?
Philip V and Antiochus III
What was Ptolemy V’s title?
Epiphanes
What city first declared war on Philip V in 201 B.C., encouraging Rome to do the same?
Rhodes
What year did Rhodes declare war on Philip V, encouraging Rome to do the same?
201 B.C.
What was the fluent-Greek Flamininus’ slogan?
Freedom and self-determination of all Greeks
Whose slogan was “freedom and self-determination of all Greeks”?
Quinctius Flamininus
Who set up a major Spartan kingdom in Greece and tried to restore ancient Spartan glory?
Nabis
Where did Antiochus III defeat the Egyptians in 200 B.C. near Palestine?
Panium
What year did Antiochus III defeat the Egyptians at Panium?
200 B.C.
Who defeated the Egyptians at Panium in 200 B.C.?
Antiochus III
What people did Antiochus III defeat at Panium in 200 B.C.?
Egyptians
Who led the Egyptians against Antiochus III at the battle of Panium in 200 B.C.?
Scopas
Which daughter of Antiochus III married Ptolemy V in 193 B.C.?
Cleopatra I
Who was the father of Cleopatra I, wife of Ptolemy V?
Antiochus III
What year did Cleopatra I marry Ptolemy V?
193 B.C.
Who did Cleopatra I marry in 193 B.C.?
Ptolemy V
Who was Eumenes II’s father?
Attalus I
From what years did Philip V and Antiochus III lead a joint attack on Ptolemy V?
202-201 B.C.
Where did Hannibal arrive to offer his support to Antiochus III in 195 B.C.?
Ephesus
Who said that Antiochus III’s only chance for victory was to lay in the creation of a united front of all its enemies?
Hannibal
In what year was Antiochus III elected commander in chief of the Aetolian League?
192 B.C.
Who was elected commander in chief of the Aetolian League in 192 B.C.?
Antiochus III
What general was ill and could not fight at Magnesia in 190 B.C.?
Publius Conelius Scipio Africanus
After Magnesia, where did Hannibal first flee?
Crete
Who fled to Crete after the battle of Magnesia in 190 B.C.?
Hannibal
Around 200 B.C., with the aid of the Rhodians, who beat Philip V in a naval campaign off the coast of Asia Minor, however, he lost lots of men which led to a request for aid from Rome?
Attalus I
What were Philip V’s three fortresses which were known as the three “Fetters of Greece”?
Chalcis, Corinth, Demetrias
What collective name was given to Philip V’s 3 fortresses: Demetrias, Chalcis and Corinth?
Fetters of Greece
In what year did Quinctius Flamininus evacuate Greece after defeating the Spartan king Nabis along with the evacuation of the Fetters?
194 B.C.
Antiochus III arrived in Greece and, capturing Demetrias, overran what region?
Thessaly
What part of Greece did the Aetolian League occupy?
Central Greece
What part of Greece did the Achaean League occupy?
Peloponnesus
Who defeated the Cenomani and Insubres on the Mincio River near Mantua in 197 B.C.?
Cethegus
What two tribes did Cethegus defeat at the battle of Mincio River in 197 B.C.?
Cenomani and Insubres
Who defeated king Nabis of Sparta at Gythium?
Quinctius Flamininus
Who defeated the Galatians in 189 B.C.?
Manlius Vulso
What year did Manlius Vulso defeat the Galatians?
189 B.C.
What provincial people did Manlius Vulso defeat in 189 B.C.?
Galatians
When Athens was attacked by the Acarnanians, they were prompted to send what envoy to Rome around 200 B.C., although he arrived too late, as the Roman Comitia had already decided to wage war against Phillip V?
Cephisodorus
What Athenian leader opposed Philip V during the Second Macedonian War and, after allying Athens to fellow Greek powers including Attalus I, Ptolemy V, the Aetolian League, and Rhodes, travelled to Rome to request the Senate for further aid against Macedon?
Cephisodorus
The Second Macedonian War pitted Philip V against what city, and two groups?
Rome, Achaean League, and the Aetolian League
What treaty ended the Second Macedonian War?
Treaty of Tempe
What war did the Treaty of Tempe end?
Second Macedonian War
To whose court did Hannibal finally flee in 186 B.C. after Antiochus III’s defeat?
Prusias I
With what Greek city did Rome conclude a treaty in 187 B.C.?
Ambracia
What year did Rome conclude a treaty with the Greek city of Ambracia?
187 B.C.
What bellicose praetor of 167 B.C. summoned the Comitia Centuriata in order to obtain a declaration of war against the Rhodians without consulting the Senate?
Manius Iuventius Thalna
What year did Manius Iuventius Thalna summon the Comitia Centuriata in order to obtain a declaration of war against the Rhodians without consulting the Senate?
167 B.C.
Manius Iuventius Thalna summoned the Comitia Centuriata in order to obtain a declaration of war against what city without consulting the Senate in 167 B.C.?
Rhodes
What year was Scipio Africanus elected censor?
199 B.C.
What office was Scipio Africanus elected to be in 199 B.C.?
Censor
Of what city was Quinctius Flamininus propraetor from 205-202 B.C.?
Tarentum
From what years was Quinctius Flamininus serving as propraetor of Tarentum?
205-202 B.C.
What year did Quinctius Flamininus start his propraetorship of Tarentum?
205 B.C.
Who was the propraetor of Tarentum from 205-202 B.C.?
Quinctius Flamininus
When Quinctius Flamininus was hailed as Savior and received homage alongside the gods, he was also granted a priesthood, at which he was linked in a paean with what deity?
Apollo
What city was Cato the Elder born in?
Tusculum
What year was Cato the Elder serving as aedile?
199 B.C.
What office did Cato the Elder hold in 199 B.C.?
Aedile
In 199 B.C., who, along with his colleague Helvius, restored the Ludi Plebeii (Plebeian Games)?
Cato the Elder
What year did Cato the Elder, along with his colleague Helvius, restore the Ludi Plebeii (Plebeian Games)?
199 B.C.
What festival did Cato the Elder, along with his colleague Helvius, restore in 199 B.C.?
Ludi Plebeii (Plebian Games)
Following his restoration of the Ludi Plebeii (Plebeian Games) in 199 B.C., Cato the Elder gave upon the occasion a feast in honor of what deity?
Jupiter
Who was the consular colleague of Cato the Elder in 195 B.C.?
Valerius Flaccus
What year was Cato the Elder and Valerius Flaccus serving as consular colleagues together?
195 B.C.
Who were the consuls of the year 195 B.C.?
Cato the Elder and Valerius Flaccus
What king of Seleucia captured one of Scipio Africanus’ sons but later released him?
Antiochus III
Whose son was captured by Antiochus III but later had him returned to him in 192 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
What year was Scipio Africanus’ son captured but later returned to him by Antiochus III?
192 B.C.
Where did Scipio Africanus retire to in annoyance of his peers who had set up fake charges against him because they were jealous of his accomplishments in the Second Punic War?
Liternum
What year did Scipio Africanus retire to Liternum where he later died at?
185 B.C.
What year did Scipio Africanus die while in retirement at Liternum?
183 B.C.
What man retired to Liternum in annoyance of his peers after they set up fake charges against him because they had become jealous of his accomplishments in the Second Punic War?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Who were the two sons of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Lucius Cornelius Scipio
Because Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus the Younger (son of original Africanus) had no natural progeny, what first cousin of his did he adopt as son and heir?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
Who was the adoptive father of Scipio Aemilianus?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus the Younger (son of original Africanus)
Who was the biological father of Scipio Aemilianus?
Aemilius Paullus
Aemilius Paullus was the biological father of what man?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
What year was Cato the Elder elected praetor or governor of Sardinia?
198 B.C.
Where was Cato the Elder made governor in 198 B.C.?
Sardinia
Who was made governor of Sardinia in 198 B.C.?
Cato the Elder
What king of Pergamum did Rhodes persuade to declare war on Rome with?
Attalus I
What city persuaded Attalus I to declare war on Rome with them?
Rhodes
What year was Cato the Elder elected to be consul?
195 B.C.
What was the first stone bridge which was constructed in 179 B.C.?
Pons Aemilianus
What year was the Pons Aemilianus (first stone bridge) constructed?
179 B.C.
What year was Marcus Popillius Laenas serving as consul?
173 B.C.
What former consul of the year 173 B.C. attacked the Ligurian Statellati in 172 B.C.?
(Marcus) Popillius Laenas
What Ligurian tribe did Marcus Popillius Laenas attack in 172 B.C.?
Statellati
What year did Marcus Popillius Laenas attack the Statellati?
172 B.C.
What year was Cato the Elder elected to be censor?
184 B.C.
What year was the Ligurian War?
181 B.C.
After his military career, Cato the Elder went on to serve as censor in 184 B.C. along with what friend of his, whom he had also fought with at Thermopylae?
Valerius Flaccus
What year did Cato the Elder hold the censorship with Valerius Flaccus, a close friend of his?
184 B.C.
What year were western parts of the Iberian Peninsula divided into Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior?
197 B.C.
Western parts of what location were divided into Hispania Citerior and Ulterior in 197 B.C.?
Iberian Peninsula
Western parts of the Iberian Peninsula were divided into what two places in 197 B.C.?
Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior
Which tribe, that had helped with dominating the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, did Cato the Elder fight against?
Celtiberians
Who made peace with the Celtiberians in 151 B.C.?
Claudius Marcellus
What year did Claudius Marcellus make peace with the Celtiberians?
151 B.C.
Who promised the Lusitanians better land, lured them out of their homeland, then betrayed them?
Servius Sulpicius Galba
What Lusitanian chieftain fought the Romans from 146-139 B.C.?
Viriathus
What Lusitanian guerrilla leader was called from a herdsman to fight Rome and is called the “First National Hero of Portugal”?
Viriathus
In 197 B.C. what two provinces were created by the senate after Spain was annexed?
Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior
What year were the provinces Hispania Citerior and Ulterior created by the senate after Spain was annexed?
197 B.C.
Who bribed Viriathus’ agents to betray him?
Servilius Caepio
What consul was given command in Spain in 195 B.C.?
Cato the Elder
What year was Cato the Elder given command in Spain?
195 B.C.
At what battle in 190 B.C. did Regillus lead the Romans to defeat a Rhodian fleet led by Polyxenidas?
Myonessus
What Lusitanian chieftain used guerrilla warfare and defeated several Roman commanders?
Viriathus
From what years did the Romans fight the Lusitanian chieftain Viriathus?
146-139 B.C.
What does “Carthago delenda est” mean?
Carthage must be destroyed
What skilled shepherd and huntsman knew the mountains and led a guerilla war for eight years against the Romans?
Viriathus
What three men were sent to kill Viriathus?
Audax, Ditalcus, and Minurus
What was the first temple built with marble?
Temple of Jupiter Stator
Who dedicated a temple to Jupiter Stator in 146 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
What proconsul was trapped by Viriathus but let go after an agreement that the Romans would recognize the freedom of the Lusitanians?
Fabius Maximus Servilianus
Who was called the “First national hero of Portugal”?
Viriathus
What title was given to Viriathus?
First National Hero of Portugal
What Roman commander bribed Viriathus’ agents to betray him and later defeated him?
Servilius Caepio
What successor of Servilius Caepio in 137 B.C. raided Galicia?
Iunius Brutus
What were the dates of the Siege of Numantia?
134-133 B.C.
What were the dates of the First Macedonian War?
214-205 B.C.
At what location in 209 B.C. did Valerius Laevinus defeat Philip V twice?
Lamia
What year did Sempronius Tuditanus negotiate the Peace of Phoenice?
206 B.C.
What year was the Peace of Phoenice signed?
205 B.C.
Who negotiated the Peace of Phoenice with Philip V?
Sempronius Tuditanus
Who tried to aid Philip V during the First Macedonian War?
Hannibal
What year did Philip V conclude a secret treaty with Antiochus III?
203 B.C.
In 203 B.C., Philip V concluded a secret treaty with whom?
Antiochus III
Who concluded a secret treaty with Antiochus III in 203 B.C.?
Philip V
After concluding a treaty with Philip V, what boy-king did Antiochus III invite to make a joint attack on?
Ptolemy V
What Roman admiral was stationed at Brundisium and later sailed to Greece to break up the alliance between Hannibal and Philip V?
Valerius Laevinus
What were the dates of the 2nd Macedonian War?
200-196 B.C.
What tribune of 199 B.C. proposed a law which expressly affirmed critics’ rights of appeal outside Roman territory?
Porcius Laeca
What year was Publius Sulpicius Galba consul?
200 B.C.
What consul of 200 B.C. tried to get the Comitia Centuriata to declare war on Macedon, yet they rejected him the first time?
Publius Sulpicius Galba
What year did Publius Sulpicius Galba first try to get the Comitia Centuriata to declare war on Macedon?
200 B.C.
Who was given command in Macedonia in the 2nd Macedonian War?
Publius Sulpicius Galba
What stalemate battle in 199 B.C. caused the Aetolian League to side with Rome?
Lyncestis
What year was the battle of Lyncestis?
199 B.C.
The battle of Lyncestis in 199 B.C. caused what league to side with Rome?
Aetolian league
At what battle of 198 B.C. did Quinctius Flamininus defeat Philip V?
Aous River
What year was the battle of Aous River?
198 B.C.
Where was Phillip V defeated in 197 B.C.?
Cynoscephalae
At what battle did Masinissa lend elephants in 197 B.C.?
Cynoscephalae
Who commanded Philip V’s rearguard at the battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 B.C.?
Nicanor the Elephant
At what battle did Nicanor the Elephant command Philip V’s rearguard?
Cynoscephalae
What year was the battle of Cynoscephalae?
197 B.C.
What year was the battle of Mincio River?
197 B.C.
Who defeated Phillip V at Cynoscephalae in 197 B.C.?
Quinctius Flamininus
What battle of 197 B.C. showed the superiority of the legion over the phalanx?
Cynoscephalae
The battle of Cynoscephalae showed the superiority of the legion over what?
Phalanx
What was another name for the battle of Cynoscephalae?
Dog’s head
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece at the Isthmian games of 196 B.C.?
Quinctius Flamininus
At what games did Quinctius Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece in 196 B.C.?
Isthmian
At what battle of 195 B.C. did Quinctius Flamininus and Philopoemen defeat Nabis of Sparta?
Gythium
What year was the battle of Gythium?
195 B.C.
At what battle of 196 B.C. did Claudius Marcellus force the Insubres and the Cenomani to sue for peace?
Lake Como
What year was the battle of Lake Como?
196 B.C.
In 199 B.C., what proconsul of Hispania Ulterior celebrated victories in Spain by erecting two arches in Rome in 196 B.C.?
Lucius Stertinius
Who was the first Roman to build a triumphal arch in Rome?
Lucius Stertinius
What tribune did Cato the Elder find to raise the matter before the people and impose a fine and a demand for surety on Scipio Asiaticus when he refused to account for the money?
Gaius Minucius
Who did Rome fight at the battle of Gythium?
Nabis
What Achaean, alongside Quinctius Flamininus, defeated Nabis of Sparta at Gythium in 195 B.C.?
Philopoemen
What year did Philopoemen die?
183 B.C.
What year was the battle of Mutina following the end of the Second Macedonian War?
194 B.C.
What were the dates of the Seleucid War?
192-188 B.C.
What king of Cappadocia had sent a contingent to assist Antiochus at Magnesia in 190 B.C.?
Ariarathes VI
Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia received a fine from Rome for aiding Antiochus III in what battle?
Magnesia
Ariarathes VI was the king of what province?
Cappadocia
At what battle did the ex-consul, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, aid the Romans under Eumenes II in 190 B.C.?
Magnesia
During what war did Flamininus warn Antiochus III to stay away from the independent Greek cities in Asia Minor and not to cross the Hellespont?
Second Macedonian War
What king of Pergamum was alarmed by Antiochus III increasing the power of the Seleucids during the Second Macedonian War?
Eumenes II
Who did Rome go to war with during the Seleucid War?
Antiochus III
What league was Antiochus III allied with?
Aetolian league
What Carthaginian general was Antiochus III allied with?
Hannibal Barca
What year did Hannibal come to Antiochus III’s court in Ephesus?
195 B.C.
To whose courts did Hannibal flee in 195 B.C. after the Carthaginian oligarchy exiled him?
Antiochus III
What year was the battle of Thermopylae?
191 B.C.
At what battle did Eumenes II and Livius Salinator defeat Polyxenidas in 191 B.C.?
Cape Corycus
What year was the battle of Cape Corycus?
191 B.C.
Serving as an admiral of Antiochus III, at what sea-battle was Hannibal defeated in 190 B.C.? (give both names)
Eurymedon/Side
Who served as an admiral of Antiochus III at Eurymedon/Side in 190 B.C.?
Hannibal
Which Scipio defeated Hannibal at the naval battles Eurymedon & Myonessus?
Scipio Asiaticus
At what location did the Persians led by Xerxes defeat the Spartans under Leonidas I in 480 B.C.?
Thermopylae
Who led the Persians at the battle of Thermopylae in 480 B.C.?
Xerxes
Who defeated Antiochus III at Thermopylae?
Acilius Glabrio
At what battle was Antiochus III decisively defeated?
Thermopylae
Who served as a military tribune during the battle of Thermopylae?
Cato the Elder
What year was the battle of Myonessus?
190 B.C.
Who led the Romans at the battle of Myonessus?
Regillus
Who led the Romans along with Regillus at the battle of Myonessus?
Eudamus
Who led the Seleucids at the battle of Myonessus?
Polyxenidas
Because Scipio Africanus was ineligible to be elected consul in 190 B.C., what younger brother of his did the Romans elect?
Scipio Asiaticus
In 191 B.C. what son of Gnaeus Scipio Calvus and cousin of Scipio Africanus defeated the Boii?
Scipio Nasica
What ex-consul aided Eumenes II at Magnesia in 190 B.C.?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
Who led a Rhodian fleet which was defeated by Regillus at the battle of Myonessus in 190 B.C.?
Polyxenidas
What year was the battle of Magnesia?
190 B.C.
Why didn’t Scipio Africanus fight in the battle of Magnesia?
He was sick
Who was sick during the battle of Magnesia which is why he didn’t fight in it?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Because Scipio Africanus was sick, who led the Romans at the battle of Magnesia?
Scipio Asiaticus
What treaty ended the Seleucid War?
Apamea
Who oversaw the Treaty of Apamea, ending the Seleucid War?
Manlius Vulso
What year was Antiochus III assassinated?
187 B.C.
Where, in 187 B.C., was Antiochus III assassinated for robbing a temple?
Susa
Who was assassinated in Susa in 187 B.C.?
Antiochus III
What year was Antiochus III assassinated for robbing a temple in Susa?
187 B.C.
What city in Asia Minor did Philip V siege in 200 B.C. which led to the Second Macedonian War?
Abydus
Philip V’s siege of Abydus in 200 B.C. precipitated what war?
Second Macededonian War
Who sieged Abydus in 200 B.C.?
Philip V
What year did Philip V siege Abydus?
200 B.C.
List in order the 5 major battles of the Seleucid War?
Thermopylae, Cape Corycus, Eurymedon/Side, Myonessus, Magnesia
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Eurymedon/Side?
Eudamus
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Myonessus in 190 B.C.?
Regillus and Eudamus
Who led the Seleucid Empire at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 B.C.?
Antiochus III and Zeuxis
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 B.C.?
Scipio Asiaticus, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, and Eumenes II
Who was the father of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (victor over the Boii in 191)?
Gnaeus Scipio Calvus
What road, an extension of the Via Flaminia, built in 187 B.C., connected Roman settlements in Northern Italy?
Via Aemilia
What year was the Via Aemilia constructed?
187 B.C.
Who was the consul of 187 B.C. that built the Via Aemilia?
Aemilius Lepidus
Who was Aemilius Lepidus’ co-consul of 187 B.C.?
Gaius Flaminius (son of Flaminius at Lake Trasimene)
Who were the two consuls of the year 187 B.C.?
Aemilius Lepidus and Gaius Flaminius (son of Flaminius at Lake Trasimene)
Where did Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus crush a revolt between 177 and 176 B.C., later selling the population into slavery?
Sardinia
What military road did the Romans construct from Rome to Macedonia?
Via Egnatia
From what two points was the Via Egnatia constructed?
Dyrrachium to Constantinople
What mountain did Marcius Philippus cross over eleven days in 169 B.C. to invade Macedonia and fight Perseus, only to be held back by fatigue?
Mt. Olympus
For what reason was Marcius Philippus held back from his invasion of Macedonia in 169 B.C. after an eleven day march across Mt. Olympus?
Fatigue
What province was Marcius Philippus going to invade, yet he was held back by fatigue in 169 B.C. after an eleven day march across Mt. Olympus?
Macedonia
What battle of 194 B.C. ended Gallic incursions into Italy?
Mutina
Where did the Romans under the command of Quinctius Flamininus, along with Rhodes, Pergamum, and the Aetolian League, defeat King Nabis of Sparta in 195 B.C.?
Gythium
Whose son did Andriscus claim to be?
Perseus
What pretender to the throne claimed to be the son of Perseus?
Andriscus
Who was the dictator of the Achaean League during the Battle of Corinth?
Critolaus
Critolaus was the dictator of what group at the Battle of Corinth in 146 B.C.?
Achaean League
Who dissuaded Antiochus IV from continuing his invasion of Egypt in 168 B.C.?
Popillius Laenas
Who did Popillius Laenas dissuade from continuing his invasion of Egypt in 168 B.C.?
Antiochus IV
What year did Popillius Laenas draw a circle around Antiochus IV, telling him to choose war or peace before he stepped out of it?
168 B.C.
Popillius Laenas drew a circle around Antiochus IV, telling him to choose between peace or to continue his attack of what province in 168 B.C.?
Egypt
What consul of 173 B.C. went so far as to attack an unoffending tribe for the sake of taking booty off them?
Popillius Laenas
What man drew a circle in the sand with a stick around Antiochus IV and told him to make his decision about whether he would continue his attack on Egypt before he stepped out of it?
Popillius Laenas
Around whom did Popillius Laenas draw a circle in the sand with a stick in 168 B.C.?
Antiochus IV
After being told to choose war or peace by Popillius Laenas, where did Antiochus IV stir up the revolt of the Maccabees?
Israel
Who defeated the Cenomani and the Insubres in 196 B.C. at the battle of Lake Como?
Claudius Marcellus
What two tribes did Claudius Marcellus defeat at Lake Como in 196 B.C.?
Cenomani and Insubres
What two tribes were defeated at the battles of Mincio River (197) and Lake Como (196)?
Cenomani and Insubres
What architect did Antiochus IV commission to rebuild the Olympeion at Athens in 174 B.C.?
Decimus Cossutius
What year did Antiochus IV commission Decimus Cossutius to rebuild the Olympeion at Athens?
174 B.C.
What structure did Antiochus IV commission Decimus Cossutius to rebuild in 174 B.C.?
Olympeion
Who commissioned Decimus Cossutius to rebuild the Olympeion in 174 B.C.?
Antiochus IV
After the death of Antiochus IV, when the Senate rigorously enforced some neglected terms in the Peace of Apamea in order to have all the ward’s warships burnt and his elephants to be hamstrung, what chief commissioner, an ex-consul, was murdered in a riot by infuriated subjects because of the mutilated elephants?
Gnaeus Octavius
What year did Rome conclude a treaty with Judas Maccabaeus, a leader of the insurrection against the Seleucids in Palestine?
161 B.C.
Who was Judas Maccabaeus’ father?
Mattathius
What rival claimant to the Seleucid throne escaped from Rome where he was being detained as a hostage and went on to displace Antiochus’ son?
Demetrius I
Who were Judas Maccabaeus’ brothers?
Jonathan and Simon
What year did the senate support Alexander Balas to the Seleucid throne?
152 B.C.
What pretender to the Seleucid throne was encouraged to supplant the king whom it had recognized in 152 B.C.?
Alexander Balas
What general finally defeated the Boii in 191 B.C., thus leading to the final destruction of Cisalpine Gaul?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
What year did Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica defeat the Boii, thus leading to the final destruction of Cisalpine Gaul?
191 B.C.
What tribe did Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica defeat in 191 B.C., thus leading to the final destruction of Cisalpine Gaul?
Boii
The defeat of the Boii at the hands of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica in 191 B.C. led to the final destruction of what province?
Cisalpine Gaul
Before Lake Como, where were the Cenomani and Insubres defeated in 197 B.C.?
Mincio River
What Roman fortress, aside from Placentia which was destroyed, was attacked by the Insubres, Cenomani, and Boii?
Cremona
In 194 B.C. as praetor, Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica reduced what tribe into submission?
Turdetani
Who reduced the Turdetani into submission in 194 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
What year did Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica reduce the Turdetani into submission?
194 B.C.
Hannibal died in the employ of what king in 183 B.C.?
Prusias I
Who died in the employ of Prusias I of Bithynia?
Hannibal
What year did Aemilius Paullus serve as consul?
181 B.C.
Who served as consul in 181 B.C., later defeating the Ingauni?
Aemilius Paullus
What King of Sparta did Rome defeat in 195 B.C.?
Nabis
Who was the first Roman historian to write in Latin?
Cato the Elder
What group allied with Rome in the First Macedonian War?
Achaean League
In what war did the Achaean League ally with Rome?
First Macedonian War
What consul of 195 B.C. was sent to Spain to take command against the Celtiberians and Turdetani?
Marcus Porcius Cato (the Elder)
Against what two tribes was Cato the Elder sent to Spain to take command?
Celtiberians and Turdetani
Which propraetor managed to pacify the Celtiberians in 179 B.C.?
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder
What tribe did Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder pacify in 179 B.C.?
Celtiberians
What year did Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder pacify the Celtiberians?
179 B.C.
What year did Hannibal flee to the court of Prusias I?
186 B.C.
What island was placed under Athenian administration in 167 B.C. on the condition that no customs or harbor dues should be collected?
Delos
What year was Delos placed under Athenian administration?
167 B.C.
Which enemy leader deposited a bronze tablet with his accomplishments in the Temple of Hera Lacinia, near Croton, before leaving Italy?
Hannibal
In what temple did Hannibal deposit a bronze tablet with his accomplishments before leaving Italy?
Hera Lacinia
Which victory over Antiochus III in 190 B.C. was the last major victory of a Roman fleet over a foreign enemy?
Myonessus
Philip V’s siege of which town in Asia Minor in 200 B.C. had been taken as a violation of the peace, provoking the Romans to war?
Abydus
Following the Treaty of Apamea, Antiochus III was obliged to pay an indemnity of how many talents over a period of 12 years?
15000
Who was obliged to pay an indemnity of 15,000 talents over the period of 12 years following the Treaty of Apamea?
Antiochus III
To what country did Philip V attempt expanding his kingdom?
Greece
In what city were the Isthmian Games held, where Flamininus accounted the “liberation of Greece”?
Corinth
What two provinces were created in 197 B.C.?
Hispania Ulterior, Hispania Citerior
What king of Bithynia did the Romans force to hand over Hannibal?
Prusias I
Prusias I ruled as king of what province?
Bithynia
What king of Pergamum, carrying on a long feud with Macedon, was eager to shed negative light on Perseus and delivered a speech that denounced Perseus to the Roman Senate in 172 B.C.?
Eumenes II
What year did Eumenes II deliver a speech that denounced Perseus to the Roman Senate?
172 B.C.
What year did two proconsuls subdue the Apuani between Genua and Luna, later deporting 40,000 of them to Samnium?
180 B.C.
In 180 B.C., two proconsuls subdued what tribe between Genua and Luna, later deporting 40,000 of them to Samnium?
Apuani
In 180 B.C., two proconsuls subdued the Apuani between Genua and Luna, later deporting 40,000 of them to what Italian region?
Samnium
The Romans would not have won at Thermopylae had it not been for what senior legate’s advance on Mt. Callidromus?
Cato the Elder
The Romans would not have won at Thermopylae had it not been for Cato the Elder’s advance on what mountain?
Mt. Callidromus
Where in 205 B.C. did Philip V and the Romans meet to discuss a peace treaty that earned Philip both land on the Adriatic coast and the enmity of the Romans?
Phoenice
What is the meaning of “Thermopylae”?
Hot gates
What battle translates to “hot gates”?
Thermopylae
In 181 B.C., what pro-Roman statesman of the Achaean League advised the Senate to support the pro-Roman at the expense of the patriotic parties in various cities of Greece?
Callicrates
What year did Callicrates, a pro-Roman statesman of the Achaean League, advise the Senate to support the pro-Roman at the expense of the patriotic parties in various cities of Greece?
181 B.C.
In the year of Hannibal’s death in 183 B.C., a more general war broke out between what king of Pontus and a combination of all the neighboring kings?
Pharnaces I
In what year did a war break out between Pharnaces I of Pontus and a combination of all the neighboring kings?
183 B.C.
Eumenes II once more solicited Roman intervention when a more general war broke out between what king of Pontus and a combination of all the neighboring kings?
Pharnaces I
What king of Pergamum once more solicited Roman intervention when a more general war broke out between Pharnaces I of Pontus and a combination of all the neighboring kings?
Eumenes II
In 187 B.C., who instigated two tribunes, both named Petillius, to interrogate Lucius Scipio Asiaticus in the Senate about a sum of 500 talents which he had held back from the first installment of King Antiochus’ war indemnity in order to pay his troops?
Cato the Elder
What was the name that both tribunes shared whom Cato the Elder instigated to interrogate Lucius Scipio Asiaticus in the Senate about a sum of 500 talents which he had held back from the first installment of King Antiochus III’s war indemnity in order to pay his troops in 187 B.C.?
Petillius
In 187 B.C., Cato the Elder instigated two tribunes, both named Petillius, to interrogate what man in the Senate about a sum of 500 talents which he had held back from the first installment of King Antiochus’ war indemnity in order to pay his troops?
Lucius Scipio Asiaticus
By whom were the games given in 185 B.C. where many actors from Greece came to do him honor, and athletic contests were introduced for the first time in Rome?
Fulvius Nobilior
How many years did Numantia hold out against Rome?
9
What city held out against Rome for 9 years before falling in 133 B.C.?
Numantia
What city did Scipio Aemilianus starve into submission?
Numantia
By means of what did Scipio Aemilianus take Numantia in 133 B.C.?
Starvation
Who starved Numantia into submission in 133 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
How many years did Andriscus’ reign last?
1
Whose reign of Macedon only lasted 1 year?
Andriscus
In what year was Arpinum given full citizenship?
188 B.C.
What town was given full citizenship in 188 B.C.?
Arpinum
Who did the Syrian slave Eunus claim to be?
Antiochus
After the capture of Enna, what Syrian slave crowned himself king and subsequently took the name “Antiochus”?
Eunus
After the capture of what city did Eunus crown himself king and take on the name “Antiochus”?
Enna
After the capture of Enna, the Syrian slave Eunus crowned himself king and took on what name?
Antiochus
Who was the main leader of the First Servile Revolt?
Eunus
What Cilician slave became Eunus’ military commander?
Cleon
Where was Eunus from?
Apamea
Where was Cleon from?
Cilicia
What other three locations aside from Sicily, saw slave revolts in the First Servile War?
Athens, Delos, and Rome
In what year were athletic contests introduced to Rome?
185 B.C.
Who succeeded his father Phillip V?
Perseus
Who had his popular brother Demetrius executed on a treason charge?
Perseus
What consul of 184 B.C. safeguarded citizens from summary execution on military service?
Porcius Licinus
What year did the consul Porcius Licinus safeguard citizens from summary execution on military service?
184 B.C.
What year did Hannibal commit suicide?
183 B.C.
Who was Scipio Aemilianus’ brother?
Fabius Maximus Aemilianus
Who was the mother of Scipio Aemilianus?
Papiria
What father of Metellus Dalmaticus and Numidicus served as consul in 142 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Calvus
What year did the father of Dalmaticus and Numidicus, Caecilius Metellus Calvus, serve as consul?
142 B.C.
Who defeated the Lusitanians under Viriathus?
Servilius Caepio
What tribe was Viriathus the leader of?
Lusitanians
What year was Servius Sulpicius Galba consul?
144 B.C.
In what Roman province did Hannibal commit suicide?
Bithynia
In 181 B.C. Aemilius Paullus first made his mark by forcing what tribe into submission?
Ingauni
What year did Aemilius Paullus make his mark by forcing the Ingauni into submission?
181 B.C.
What law of 180 B.C. established a minimum age for the cursus honorum and set two-year intervals between offices?
Lex Villia Annalis
The lex Villia Annalis set how many year intervals between offices?
Two-year intervals
Following the establishment of the Lex Villia Annalis, what was the minimum age a man had to be before he could hold the consulship?
42
Following the establishment of the Lex Villia Annalis, what was the minimum age a man had to be before he could hold the praetorship?
39
Following the establishment of the Lex Villia Annalis, what was the minimum age a man must be before he could hold the aedileship?
36
What joint censors built a second basilica in 179 B.C.?
Fulvius Nobilior and Aemilius Lepidus
What method did Hannibal use to kill himself?
Poison
Where was an outpost reconstituted as a Roman colony in 177 B.C.?
Luna
What year was an outpost reconstituted at Luna as a Roman colony?
177 B.C.
What consul of 178 B.C. had been sent to overawe a confederacy of Istrian cantons but went beyond his instructions in making a preventive attack upon them?
Manlius Vulso
What tribe had Manlius Vulso been sent to overawe a confederacy of cantons?
Istri
What were the dates of the 3rd Macedonian War?
171-168 B.C.
What year was the battle of Larissa?
171 B.C.
What was another name for the battle of Larissa?
Callinicus
Who was defeated by Perseus at the battle of Larissa?
Licinius Crassus
In 170 B.C. what ex-praetor, who had ill-treated Rome’s allies in Greece during the Third Macedonian War, had a more drastic procedure adopted against him?
Lucretius Gallus
What consul of 169 B.C. made a perilous 11-day march across the densely wooded shoulder of Mt. Olympus, and by his mere appearance on Macedonian soil so unnerved Perseus as to cause him to abandon the entire frontier line?
Marcius Philippus
What year did Marcius Philippus try to cross the shoulder of Mt. Olympus, only to be held back by fatigue?
169 B.C.
Marcius Philippus made a perilous march of how many days across the densely wooded shoulder of Mt. Olympus?
11
What year did a second Roman force capture Genthius after a whirlwind campaign?
168 B.C.
What tribune of 169 B.C. carried a measure to limit the amount of real estate that might be devised to female heirs?
Quintus Voconius Saxa
What law of 169 B.C. carried a measure to limit the amount of real estate that might be devised to female heirs?
Lex Voconia
What year did Quintus Voconius Saxa pass his law which carried a measure to limit the amount of real estate that might be devised to female heirs?
169 B.C.
What year was the first battle of Pydna?
168 B.C.
What nobleman startled the Roman forces on the eve of the battle of Pydna by predicting a lunar eclipse, though his astronomical lore remained a mere oddity?
Sulpicius Gallus
At what battle was Perseus finally defeated, ending the 3rd Macedonian War in 168 B.C.?
Pydna (first)
Who defeated Perseus at the first battle of Pydna in 168 B.C.?
Aemilius Paullus
Where did Perseus escape to after the battle of Pydna, though he was captured shortly after and sent to Alba Fucens?
Samothrace
To where was Perseus exiled?
Alba Fucens
Because he had lent assistance to Perseus in the 3rd Macedonian War, what Illyrian chieftain was captured in 168 B.C. and had his kingdom partitioned?
Genthius
Who, along with 1,000 other Achaean hostages, was brought to Rome after the Third Macedonian War?
Polybius
Who was Perseus’ wife?
Laodice
Who was Perseus’ sister?
Apame
Who was Apame’s husband?
Prusias II
Who was the father of Apame?
Philip V
Who were the two brothers of Apame?
Perseus and Demetrius
Who was Laodice’s father?
Seleucus IV
Who succeeded his brother Eumenes II in 159 B.C.?
Attalus II
What year did Attalus II succeed his brother, Eumenes II?
159 B.C.
What were the dates of the 4th Macedonian War?
150-148 B.C.
What man anticipated Gracchan reforms circa 145 B.C. when he attempted to revive the Lex Licinia-Sextia’s restrictions on land ownership and redistribute the surplus land?
Gaius Laelius
What year did Gaius Laelius attempt to revive the Lex Licinia-Sextia’s restrictions on land ownership and redistribute the surplus land?
145 B.C.
What law’s restrictions on land did Gaius Laelius attempt to revive in 145 B.C.?
Lex Licinia-Sextia
What consul lost a battle near Numantia but was able to advance all the way to Celtiberian lands?
Fulvius Nobilior
Nurses are said to have told fractious children of what man?
Hannibal
What successor of Marcellus massacred many Lusitanians who had surrendered in 151 B.C.?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Who was Quintus Pompeius’ successor?
Hostilius Mancinus
Who was trapped by Numantines and was forced to sign treaties with them?
Hostilius Mancinus
What year was the city of Numantia captured?
133 B.C.
Who captured the city of Numantia in 133 B.C.?
Scipio Aemilianus
What year was the second battle of Pydna?
148 B.C.
Who was Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus’ successor?
Quintus Pompeius
Who led the Macedonians at the second battle of Pydna?
Andriscus
Who led the Romans at the second battle of Pydna?
Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
What pretender to the throne of Macedon claimed to be a bastard son of Perseus and restored the Macedonian monarchy in 149 B.C. but was defeated by Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus at the second battle of Pydna?
Andriscus
What name is also attributed to Andriscus?
Pseudo-Philip
Who was Nicomedes II’s father?
Prusias II
What year did Macedonia get annexed and become a province?
148 B.C.
What year was the battle of Corinth?
146 B.C.
What province, comprised mostly of the Greek mainland, was formed after the destruction of Corinth in 146 B.C.?
Achaea
After the destruction of what city in 146 B.C. was the province of Achaea formed?
Corinth
What year was the province of Achaea formed?
146 B.C.
What Roman defeated the Achaean League and destroyed Corinth in 146 B.C.?
Lucius Mummius
What league did Lucius Mummius defeat along with Corinth in 146 B.C.?
Achaean league
Who defeated the Achaean league in 146 B.C.?
Lucius Mummius
Who was Corinth under when it got destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 B.C.?
Critolaus
What praetor of 144 B.C. provided for the construction of Rome’s first high-level aqueduct, the Aqua Marcia, which conveyed the city’s purest supply of water from the head of the Anio valley over a distance of 36 miles?
Quintus Marcius Rex
What was Rome’s first high-level aqueduct, which began at the Anio valley?
Aqua Marcia
What battle marked the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Corinth
What year did Greece become a Roman province?
146 B.C.
What law of 139 B.C. substituted the ballot at electoral assemblies for the previous system of voting by open declaration?
Lex Gabinia Tabellaria
What year was the Lex Gabinia Tabellaria passed?
139 B.C.
What year was the affair with Pergamum?
133 B.C.
Who was the first over the wall of Carthage during the Third Punic War?
Tiberius Gracchus
Tiberius Gracchus was the first over the walls of what city?
Carthage
What proconsul of 136 B.C. was deprived of his command in Spain by the Senate?
(Marcus) Aemilius Lepidus
What year was the proconsul Marcus Aemilius Lepidus deprived of his command in Spain by the Senate?
136 B.C.
What year was Pergamum bequeathed to Rome?
133 B.C.
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
What Roman province did Pergamum become by the consul Manius Aquilius in 129 B.C.?
Asia
What city became the Roman province of Asia by the consul Manius Aquilius in 129 B.C.?
Pergamum
What foreign ruler preferred his studies of botany, zoology, and medicine to being king?
Attalus III
What son of Antiochus III attacked Egypt?
Antiochus IV
What son of Antiochus III tried to Hellenize Judea?
Antiochus IV
Antiochus IV tried Hellenizing what province?
Judaea
What pretender to the throne of Pergamum opposed the Romans in 133 B.C.?
Aristonicus
Who failed to defeat Aristonicus in 130 B.C.?
Licinius Crassus
Who was successful in defeating Aristonicus in 130 B.C.?
Marcus Perperna
What were the dates of the First Servile War?
135-132 B.C.
Where did the First Servile War begin?
Enna (Sicily)
What two men led the slave revolt on Sicily during the first Servile War?
Eunus and Cleon
What three Romans crushed Eunus and Cleon’s revolt?
Scipio Aemilianus, Calpurnius Piso, and Publius Rupilius
In 173 B.C., what two brothers were invaded by Antiochus IV in Egypt?
Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII
Who invaded Egypt in 173 B.C.?
Antiochus IV
What year did Antiochus IV invade Egypt?
173 B.C.
From what years was Egypt being invaded by Antiochus IV?
173-171 B.C.
Who followed up his manifesto by a second visit to Rome, in order to exhibit to the Senate some knife-marks on his body as evidence that Ptolemy VI was conspiring against him?
Ptolemy VII
What year did Ptolemy VI die?
145 B.C.
What absurdly fat Egyptian had the epithet “Physcon” meaning “fatty”?
Ptolemy VIII
What epithet meaning “fatty” did Ptolemy VIII earn for himself?
Physcon
What name did Ptolemy III earn for himself, a pun on his official epithet, Euergetes (benefactor)?
Kakergetes (malefactor)
To what two friendly client kings did Rome grant parts of Pergamum after it was bequeathed to them?
Ariarathes VI and Mithridates V
In what year did the Lusitanians surrender?
139 B.C.
What title was Scipio Aemilianus given in 133 B.C.?
Numantinus
What year was Scipio Aemilianus given the title “Numantinus”?
133 B.C.
Who was given the title “Numantinus” in 133 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
What other three prominent men fought alongside Scipio Aemilianus at Numantia in 133 B.C.?
Marius, Jugurtha and Rutilius Rufus
From what years did the Lusitanian/Viriathic War last?
146-139 B.C.
What war lasted from 146-139 B.C.?
Lusitanian/Viriathic War
What proconsul of Macedonia constructed the Via Egnatia from 146-120 B.C.?
Gnaeus Egnatius
What year was the Via Egnatia started?
146 B.C.
What did Lucius Mummius do with the people of Corinth after destroying it?
Sold them into slavery
What man failed to take Numantia in 137 B.C.?
Hostilius Mancinus
What year did Hostilius Mancinus fail to take Numantia?
137 B.C.
What city did Hostilius Mancinus fail to take in 137 B.C.?
Numantia
What pretender claimed to be the son of Eumenes II?
Aristonicus
Whose son did Aristonicus claim to be?
Eumenes II
In what year did the Romans sign a treaty with Judas Maccabaeus?
161 B.C.
Who did the Romans sign a treaty with in 161 B.C.?
Judas Maccabaeus
How many republics was Macedonia divided into?
4
What province did Rome divide into 4 republics after declaring war on them?
Macedonia
After what battle was Macedonia divided into 4 republics?
Second Battle of Pydna
What tribe was Genthius king of?
Ardiaei
Who was the last king of the Ardiaei?
Genthius
Genthius was the last king of what tribe?
Ardiaei
What king of the Ardiaei allied with the Romans against Perseus but switched sides in 169 B.C.?
Genthius
What year did Genthius switch sides from the Romans to Perseus of Macedon?
169 B.C.
Whose side did Genthius switch to in 169 B.C.?
Perseus
What year was Genthius captured?
168 B.C.
What Illyrian king was captured in 168 B.C.?
Genthius
Who, just like Hostilius Mancinus, had to surrender to Numantia after his army was trapped?
Quintus Pompeius
Where did Lucius Mummius defeat the Achaean League in 146 B.C. before destroying Corinth?
Luecopetra
Who defeated the Achaean League at Luecopetra in 146 B.C.?
Lucius Mummius
What year did Lucius Mummius defeat the Achaean League at Luecopetra?
146 B.C.
What group did Lucius Mummius defeat at Luecopetra in 146 B.C.?
Achaean League
What king stirred up the revolt of the Maccabees in Israel?
Antiochus IV
Aemilius Paullus (victor at Pydna in 168 B.C.) made his first mark by forcing what tribe into submission in 181 B.C.?
Ingauni
What general made his first mark by forcing the Ingauni into submission in 181 B.C.?
Aemilius Paullus
What year did Aemilius Paullus force the Ingauni into submission?
181 B.C.
In 179 B.C., what two men led a combined drive against the Celtiberians which led to the Celts’ surrender and sue for peace?
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder and Spurius Postumius
What year did Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder and Spurius Postumius lead a combined drive against the Celtiberians?
179 B.C.
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder and Spurius Postumius led a combined drive against what people in 179 B.C.?
Celtiberians
What town did Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder found on the Ebro River?
Gracchuris
Who founded Gracchuris on the Ebro River?
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder
On what river was the town “Gracchuris” founded by Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder?
Ebro River
From 153-152 B.C., what consul attempted a direct invasion of Old Castile from Aragon by the valley of the Salo and went as far as Numantia before being defeated there?
Fulvius Nobilior
The consul Fulvius Nobilior attemped a direct invasion of what town?
Old Castile
Fulvius Nobilior was defeated at Numantia because of a panic amongst a small group of elephants which had been sent to him by whom?
Masinissa
Who was defeated at Numantia because of a panic amongst a small group of elephants which had been sent to him by Masinissa?
Fulvius Nobilior
Who came to terms with the Celtiberians in 152 B.C. after the defeat of Fulvius Nobilior at Numantia?
Claudius Marcellus
What year did Claudius Marcellus come to terms with the Celtiberians after the defeat of Fulvius Nobilior at Numantia?
152 B.C.
Claudius Marcellus came to terms with what people in 152 B.C.?
Celtiberians
While Servius Sulpicius Galba was being defeated by the Lusitanians in 151 B.C., who was slaughtering the Vaccaei at Cauca?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Where did Lucius Licinius Lucullus slaughter the Vaccaei in 151 B.C.?
Cauca
What tribe did Lucius Licinius Lucullus slaughter at Cauca in 151 B.C.?
Vaccaei
What year did Lucius Licinius Lucullus slaughter the Vaccaei at Cauca?
151 B.C.
In 150 B.C., who came to the aid of Servius Sulpicius Galba and then slaughtered the Lusitanians which led to them suing for peace, however Galba then lured them out and massacred them all?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What year did Lucius Licinius Lucullus come to the aid of Servius Sulpicius Galba and then slaughter the Lusitanians which led to them suing for peace?
150 B.C.
Whose aid did Lucius Licinius Lucullus come to in 150 B.C. where he slaughtered the Lusitanians?
Servius Sulpicius Galba
What province did Decimus Iunius Brutus raid in 137 B.C.?
Galicia
What year did Decimus Iunius Brutus raid Galicia?
137 B.C.
Who raided Galicia in 137 B.C.?
Decimus Iunius Brutus
In what year did Philip V prematurely die?
179 B.C.
Who prematurely died in 179 B.C., leading to his son’s accension to the throne?
Philip V
Who was the successor of Antiochus III?
Seleucus IV
Who delivered a message about Perseus to Rome that led to the Third Macedonian War?
Eumenes II
Who were the four generals that fought against Perseus in the Third Macedonian War?
Licinius Crassus, Hostilius Mancinus, Marcius Philippus, Aemilius Paullus
At what town did Aemilius Paullus massacre the inhabitants in 168 B.C. which led to 150,000 people being taken prisoner?
Epirus
What year did Aemilius Paullus massacre the inhabitants of Epirus which led to 150,000 people being taken prisoner?
168 B.C.
Who massacred the inhabitants of Epirus in 168 B.C. which led to 150,000 people being taken prisoner?
Aemilius Paullus
Into how many federal republics was Genthius’ Illyrian kingdom split?
3
In 137 B.C., what law was passed by Cassius Longinus to extend the ballot to judicial assemblies of the people?
Lex Cassia Tabellaria
Who passed a law in 137 B.C. to extend the ballot to judicial assemblies of the people?
Cassius Longinus
What year was the Lex Cassia Tabellaria passed?
137 B.C.
What year was the Lex Gabinia Tabellaria passed?
139 B.C.
At what battle did Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus defeat and kill Critolaus in 146 B.C.?
Scarpheia
What year did Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus defeat and kill Critolaus at Scarpheia?
146 B.C.
Who did Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus defeat and kill at Scarpheia in 146 B.C.?
Critolaus
Who defeated and killed Critolaus at Scarpheia in 146 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
Andriscus’ father had what occupation?
Clothmaker
Lucius Mummius punished Corinth for joining sides with what enemy of Rome?
Achaean League
Lucius Mummius punished what city for joining sides with the Achaean League?
Corinth
What year did Antiochus IV come to Rome?
175 B.C.
What foreign ruler came to Rome in 175 B.C.?
Antiochus IV
What did Antiochus IV covert the Temple of Yahweh into?
Baal Shamin (Lord of the Heavens)
What temple was converted to the Temple of Baal Shamin by Antiochus IV?
Temple of Yahweh
Who converted the Temple of Yahweh into the Temple of Baal Shamin?
Antiochus IV
The Greeks identified Baal Shamin as what deity?
Zeus
What brothers of his did Judas Maccabaeus rebel against Antiochus IV with?
Jonathan and Simon
Who did Judas Maccabaeus and his two brothers rebel against?
Antiochus IV
In what province did Antiochus IV die in 164 B.C.?
Armenia
What year did Antiochus IV die at Armenia?
164 B.C.
What ruler died at Armenia in 164 B.C.?
Antiochus IV
In what year did Attalus III become king of Pergamum?
138 B.C.
Who became king of Pergamum in 138 B.C.?
Attalus III
When were the Ligurians finally conquered and settled by the Romans?
155 B.C.
In what province did Lucius Licinius Lucullus carry out a massacre in 151 B.C. as consul because he wanted a triumph even though there was peace?
Hispania Citerior
What year did Lucius Licinius Lucullus carry out a massacre of Hispania Citerior as consul because he wanted a triumph even though there was peace?
151 B.C.
Who carried out a massacre of Hispania Citerior in 151 B.C. as consul because he wanted a triumph even though there was peace?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Where did Servius Sulpicius Galba serve as consul in 150 B.C.?
Hispania Citerior
What people did Servius Sulpicius Galba slaughter in 150 B.C.?
Lusitanians
Who did Cato the Elder prosecute in 149 B.C., though Cato failed to indite him?
Servius Sulpicius Galba
Who prosecuted Servius Sulpicius Galba but failed to indite him in 149 B.C.?
Cato the Elder
What year did Cato the Elder prosecute Servius Sulpicius Galba, though he failed to indite him?
149 B.C.
What year did Cato the Elder die?
149 B.C.
How many guerilla soldiers did Viriathus have fighting for him?
10000
Viriathus had what two skills that helped him navigate his ways through the mountains and glens?
Shepherd and Hunter
What Latin colony did the Roman veterans found to settle the Lusitanians?
Valentia
Who used the acts of vomiting fire and uttering oracles to convince slaves on Sicily that he was Antiochus, king of Syria?
Eunus
How did Eunus convince slaves on Sicily that he was Antiochus, king of Syria?
Vomited fire and uttered oracles
In what town near Athens was there a slave revolt at the silver mines in 134 B.C.?
Laurium
What year was there a slave revolt at the silver mines of Laurium?
134 B.C.
What consul of 134 B.C. was the first man who was sent to put down the revolt of Eunus and Cleon?
Fulvius Flaccus
What year was Fulvius Flaccus sent to put down the revolt of Eunus and Cleon?
134 B.C.
What consul of 133 B.C. was sent to replace Fulvius Flaccus in the fight against Eunus and Cleon?
Calpurnius Piso
What Roman commander finally put an end to the First Servile War in 132 B.C., due in part to a siege of Tauromenium?
Publius Rupilius
What Roman general quelled the slave rebellion led by Eunus and Cleon in Sicily in 132 B.C.?
Publius Rupilius
Whose rebellion did Publius Rupilius quell in 132 B.C.?
Eunus and Cleon
What year did Publius Rupilius quell the rebellion of Eunus and Cleon?
132 B.C.
What war did Publius Rupilius put an end to?
First Servile War
Due in part to a siege of what town did the First Servile War come to an end?
Tauromenium
Who were the three Turdetanian warriors who Servilius Caepio bribed to slit the throat of Viriathus?
Audax, Ditalcus, and Minurus
Who bribed Audax, Ditalcus, and Minurus to slit the throat of Viriathus?
Servilius Caepio
What tribe did Audax, Ditalcus, and Minurus come from?
Turdetani
On whom did Carthage declare war in 151 B.C.?
Masinissa
What year did Carthage declare war on Masinissa?
151 B.C.
What city declared war on Masinissa in 151 B.C.?
Carthage
What law established the first permanent court, presided over by a preator?
Lex Calpurnia
The Lex Calpurnia established the first permanent court which was presided over by a member of what office?
Praetor
Who won the battle of Leucopetra?
Lucius Mummius
What utopian city, which was supposed to be his vision of a Rome-free society, did Aristonicus found in 133 B.C.?
Heliopolis
What man founded the utopian city of Heliopolis, which was supposed to be his vision of a Rome-free society?
Aristonicus
What governor of Hispania Ulterior massacred the Lusitanians in 150 B.C., and was almost prosecuted by Cato the Elder?
Servius Sulpicius Galba
Where did Servius Sulpicius Galba serve as governor?
Hispania Ulterior
What city became the principal port in Southern Italy during the Republic?
Puteoli
What year did Masinissa die at the age of 90?
148 B.C.
What was the fate of the citizens who were not killed at the Battle of Corinth in 146 B.C.?
Sold into slavery
The city of Numantia was a stronghold for what group of foreigners?
Celtiberians
How many slaves did Eunus and Cleon lead in their revolt called the “Third Servile War”?
60000
Who formed the Praetorian Guard?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
What year was the Roman colony of Corduba founded?
152 B.C. (168?)
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (Gracchi, Random 2nd century stuff)
What temple did angry senators meet at before lynching Tiberius Gracchus?
Temple of Fides
What people captured Hostilius Mancinus?
Numantines
What daughter of Cornelia was married to Scipio Aemilianus?
Sempronia
Who was the mother of Sempronia?
Cornelia (The mother of the Gracchi)
Who did Sempronia (daughter of Cornelia) marry?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
Who led the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio
Scipio Nasica led the senate in a revolt to kill what cousin of his?
Tiberius Gracchus
Who was sent to stop Gaius Gracchus after a Senatus Consultum Ultimum was passed against him in 121 B.C. which led to Gaius’ suicide?
Lucius Opimius
Against whom was the first Senatus Consultum Ultimum issued?
Gaius Gracchus
Who conquered the Ligurians in 122 B.C., founding the colony of Aquae Sextiae?
Sextius Calvinus
What year did Sextius Calvinus conquer the Ligurians?
122 B.C.
What year did Sextius Calvinus found the colony of Aquae Sextiae?
122 B.C.
What colony did Sextius Calvinus found in 122 B.C.?
Aquae Sextiae
What tribe did Sextius Calvinus conquer in 122 B.C. before founding the colony of Aquae Sextiae?
Ligurians
Who planned to pay for his land reforms with treasury of Pergamum bequeathed by Attalus III?
Tiberius Gracchus
With the treasury of what kingdom did Tiberius Gracchus plan to pay for his land reforms?
Pergamum
What Latin colony revolted in 125 B.C.?
Fregellae
What year did Fregellae revolt?
125 B.C.
What law did Minucius Rufus annul?
Lex Rubria
What law was sponsored by one of Gaius Gracchus’ supporters which made it so high standing officials could not be juries in the standing courts that ruled on provincial governors being used of extortion?
Lex Acilia
What law of 149 B.C. had previously allowed for high standing officials to be on the juries that were trying provincial governors for extortion?
Lex Calpurnia
What year was the Lex Calpurnia established?
149 B.C.
Who was known as the “Destroyer of Fregellae”?
Lucius Opimius
What road ran from the Rhone to the Pyrenes?
Via Domitia
From what two points did the Via Domitia travel?
Rhone River to the Pyrenes
What tribe under Bituitus did Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus defeat in 121 B.C.?
Arverni
What year did Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus defeat the Arverni under Bituitus?
121 B.C.
Who defeated the Arverni under Bituitus in 121 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus
Who replaced Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus as proconsul in Gaul in 121 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus
Who did Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus replace as proconsul in Gaul in 121 B.C.?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
What year did Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus replace Domitius Ahenobarbus as proconsul in Gaul?
121 B.C.
Who won the Corona Muralis for being the first over the walls of Carthage during its destruction during the Third Punic War?
Tiberius Gracchus
Tiberius Gracchus was the first over the walls of what city?
Carthage
In 122 B.C., what rogue chieftain of the Salyes was captured by Sextius Calvinus?
Tutomotulus
Of what tribe was Tutomotulus the ruler?
Salyes
Who captured the Salyeian chieftain Tutomotulus in 122 B.C.?
Sextius Calvinus
What tribe was Bituitus the leader of?
Arverni
What Avernian cheiftain did Fabius Maximus defeat in 121 B.C.?
Bituitus
What year did the slave rebellions first begin?
143 B.C.
What commodity was there a shortage of in 140 and 138 B.C.?
Grain
In 145 B.C., who tried to propose a law that would restore the Lex Licinia-Sextia?
Gaius Laelius
In 145 B.C., Gaius Laelius tried to restore what previous law?
Lex Licinia-Sextia
Before what group did Tiberius Gracchus propose his land bill?
Concilium Plebis
Tiberius Gracchus drafted his bill with the support of what father-in-law of his?
Appius Claudius Pulcher
Tiberius Gracchus’ bill said there would be an allowance of how many iugera for each child?
250
Who turned his toga upside down and veiled his head with the purple hem in front before leading the mob to kill Tiberius Gracchus and his followers?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio
What was the mob that Scipio Nasica led against Tiberius Gracchus armed with?
Broken chairs and benches
To where was Scipio Nasica sent on a diplomatic mission in order to protect him after he killed Tiberius Gracchus?
Pergamum (Asia)
Who was sent on a diplomatic mission to Pergamum in order to protect him after he killed Tiberius Gracchus?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio
Where was the rhetorician Diophanes from?
Mytilene
Where was the Stoic philosopher Blossius from?
Cumae
What was Diophanes’ occupation?
Rhetorician
What was Blossius’ occupation?
Stoic
What friend of Scipio Aemilianus assisted the consuls Popillius Laenas and Publius Rupilius in persecuting Tiberius Gracchus’ followers?
Gaius Laelius
Who boasted of what he had done to carry out the Sempronian land law and even a milestone in Lucania inscribed with a description of his successes?
Popillius Laenas
Who was exiled for killing the followers of Tiberius Gracchus?
Popillius Laenas
Who roared “I have never been scared by the shouts of the enemy in arms. Shall I be frightened by your outcries, stepsons of Italy?” after they jeered at him for saying that Tiberius Gracchus had been justly slain?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
Fulvius Flaccus’ proposal to give citizenship in 125 B.C. to Italians was shot down when he was sent to help what Greek colony that was under attack by the Saluvii?
Massilia
Fulvius Flaccus’ proposal to give citizenship to Italians was shot down when he was sent to help Massilia with an attack from what tribe in 125 B.C.?
Saluvii
Who was sent to Massilia to help the city against an attack from the Saluvii in 125 B.C.?
Fulvius Flaccus
Who proposed to give citizenship to Italians in 125 B.C.?
Fulvius Flaccus
What year did Fulvius Flaccus propose citizenship for the Italians?
125 B.C.
What award did Tiberius Gracchus earn for being the first over the walls of Carthage during its destruction during the Third Punic War?
Corona Muralis
What was the consular list compiled by Mucius Scaevola in 130 B.C. called?
Annales Maximi
Who compiled a consular list called “Annales Maximi” in 130 B.C.?
Mucius Scaevola
What tribune of 133 B.C. saved the consul Hostilius Mancinus by making a peace treaty with the Numantines?
Tiberius Gracchus
What brother of Mucius Scaevola supported Tiberius Gracchus?
Gaius Porcius Cato
Who were the consuls of 133 B.C.?
Mucius Scaevola and Calpurnius Piso
What year was Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio consul?
138 B.C.
Who was the first wife of Gaius Gracchus?
Junia
Who was the second and final wife of Gaius Gracchus?
Licinia
What friend of Gaius Gracchus was passionately defended by him when he faced the death sentence?
Vettius
What friend of a man named Vettius passionately defended him when he faced the death sentence?
Gaius Gracchus
When what friend of Gaius Gracchus was on his trial, he defended his cause, and the people were in an ecstasy, and transported with joy, finding him master of such eloquence that the other orators seemed like children in comparison, and jealousies and fears on the other hand began to be felt by the powerful citizens?
Vettius
Vettius faced the death sentence but was reprieved after a passionate defense by what man?
Gaius Gracchus
What law of 131 B.C. was passed by the tribune Carbo, who introduced the secret ballot at legislative assemblies of the people?
Lex Papiria
The Gracchi brothers were assassinated for their attempt to do what with Roman land held by the elites?
Redistribute it to the plebs
What does the name “Nasica” mean?
Pointed nose
Who was Cornelia’s (Gracchi’s mother) father?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Who was the Gracchi’s mother?
Cornelia
What did Cornelia call her sons?
Her jewels
How many children did Cornelia have all together?
12
What king of Egypt did Cornelia turn down an offer of marriage to?
Ptolemy (number unknown, probably VI, VII, or VIII)
What tribune of 126 B.C. passed a law, against which Gaius Gracchus spoke, to prevent non-citizens settling in Rome and to expel any who had done so?
Iunius Pennus
What future tribune spoke against the tribune Iunius Pennus when he wanted to prevent non-citizens from settling in Rome and to expel any who had done so?
Gaius Gracchus
What slave assisted Gaius Gracchus in his suicide?
Philocrates
Who was assisted in his suicide by the slave Philocrates?
Gaius Gracchus
What year did the tribune Iunius Pennus pass a law to prevent non-citizens settling in Rome and to expel any who had done so?
126 B.C.
What daughter of Cornelia married Scipio Aemilianus?
Sempronia
Who, in 177 B.C., killed or enslaved 80,000 of Sardinia’s inhabitants, thereby suppressing a slave revolt there?
Sempronius Gracchus the Elder
What year did Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder kill or enslave 80,000 of Sardinia’s inhabitants, thereby suppressing a slave revolt there?
177 B.C.
Where did Sempronius Gracchus suppress a slave revolt in 177 B.C.?
Sardinia
Who was the Gracchi’s father?
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Elder
What were the dates that Sempronius Gracchus the Elder suppressed a slave revolt in Sardinia?
177-176 B.C.
What year was Tiberius Gracchus elected tribune?
133 B.C.
What year was Tiberius Gracchus killed?
133 B.C.
What were the names of the stoic philosopher and Greek tutor who tutored Tiberius Gracchus?
Blossius and Diophanes
Who was tutored by Diophanes and Blossius?
Tiberius Gracchus
What woman hired the tutors Blossius and Diophanes for her son Tiberius Gracchus?
Cornelia
What law did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to violate for running for a second tribunate in 132 B.C.?
Lex Villia Annalis
Where was the Senate meeting the day that Scipio Nasica led the mob that killed Tiberius Gracchus?
Temple of Fides
What happened to Scipio Nasica after lynching Tiberius Gracchus?
Honorable exile to Asia
To where was Scipio Nasica exiled after lynching Tiberius Gracchus?
Asia
Who replaced Tiberius Gracchus on the land commission after his lynching?
Licinius Crassus
What was Publius Licinius Crassus’ relationship to Gaius Graccus?
Father-in-law
Who proposed a law that would make reelection to the tribunate legal but was opposed by Scipio Aemilianus?
Carbo
Who spoke out against his co-tribune Carbo who had proposed a law to legalize reelection to the tribuneship?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
In what year did Carbo propose a law to legalize reelection to the tribuneship?
131 B.C.
Carbo’s bill failed but it did succeed in extending the secret ballot to what assembly?
Legislative assembly
What law passed by Gaius Gracchus was his most criticized?
Lex Frumentaria
What did Gaius Gracchus’ Lex Frumentaria provide for?
The construction of warehouses and warves in Rome
What consul of 125 B.C. was the first person to propose enfranchisement for the Italians?
Fulvius Flaccus
In what year was Tiberius Gracchus quaestor in Spain?
137 B.C.
Who served as quaestor in Spain in 137 B.C.?
Tiberius Gracchus
Where did Tiberius Gracchus serve as quaestor in 137 B.C.?
Spain
What office did Tiberius Gracchus hold in 137 B.C. at Spain?
Quaestor
How did the mob led by Scipio Nasica kill Tiberius Gracchus on the Capitoline Hill?
Clubbed him to death
On what hill was Tiberius Gracchus clubbed to death?
Capitoline Hill
Due to whose hinderance did Gaius Gracchus fail to win reelection to the tribuneship, and after which, he led the senate’s opposition against Gaius?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder
In 122 B.C., who, attempting to pass Gaius Gracchus in popularity, improved on Gaius’ colonial projects by proposing a mass-foundation of no less than twelve settlements in Italy, each of 3,000 men, to which the very poorest citizens were to be admitted? (though he never actually carried this out)
Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder
In 122 B.C., whose colonial projects did Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder improve upon?
Gaius Gracchus
What happened to Gaius Gracchus’ body after the mob led by Lucius Opimius killed him?
Thrown into the Tiber
Into what river was Gaius Gracchus’ body thrown after the mob led by Lucius Opimius killed him?
Tiber
Who was clubbed to death along with 300 of his followers on the Capitoline?
Tiberius Gracchus
What year was Manius Aquilius consul?
129 B.C.
What tribune of 133 B.C. attempted to push land law and reinstated that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera which was originally stated in the Lex Licinia-Sextia?
Tiberius Gracchus
With the support of what father-in-law did Tiberius Gracchus draft his agrarian bill?
Claudius Pulcher
What two learned jurists also supported Tiberius Gracchus’ agrarian bill?
Licinius Crassus and Mucius Scaevola
Tiberius Gracchus’ land bill ordered the state to repossess holdings of public land in excess of how many iugera?
500 (plus 250 iugera for each of 2 sons)
What 3 people comprised the First Land Commission?
Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus, Claudius Pulcher
What other tribune of 133 B.C. vetoed the Lex Sempronia Agraria?
Marcus Octavius
What law of 133 B.C. did Marcus Octavius veto?
Lex Sempronia Agraria
What co-tribune did Tiberius Gracchus remove in front of the Concilium Plebis when he refused to withdraw his veto of Tiberius’ bill?
Marcus Octavius
Who was the wife of Tiberius Gracchus?
Claudia Pulchra
How was Claudius Pulcher related to Tiberius Gracchus?
Father-in-law
What cousin of Tiberius Gracchus said that Tiberius was trying to become king and led the senate in revolt to kill him in 133 B.C.?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio
What Pontifex Maximus turned his Toga Praetexta upside down?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio
Who were the consuls in 132 B.C.?
Popillius Laenas and Rupilius
Who is said to have killed Scipio Aemilianus in 129 B.C.?
Sempronia
What year did Sempronia kill Scipio Aemilianus?
129 B.C.
Who did Sempronia kill in 129 B.C.?
Scipio Aemilianus
What year did Gaius Gracchus serve as quaestor in Sardinia?
126 B.C.
In what two years was Gaius Gracchus tribune?
123, 122 B.C.
What consul of 125 B.C. was the first person to propose enfranchisement for the Italians?
Fulvius Flaccus
Who was the Italian’s ally in the tribunate of 122 B.C.?
Fulvius Flaccus
What three men made up the Second Land Commission?
Gaius Gracchus, Claudius Pulcher, Licinius Crassus
What law was passed by the Second Land Commission which asked for the founding of a colony named Junonia on the site of Carthage?
Lex Rubria
What year did the senate have a confrontation on the Capitoline Hill and passed a Senatus Consultum Ultimum giving Lucius Opimius the power to stop Gaius Gracchus at all costs?
121 B.C.
Who got permission from a Senatus Consultum Ultimum to kill Gaius Gracchus and his followers?
Lucius Opimius
What temple was restored by Lucius Opimius after he suppressed the followers of Gaius Gracchus in 121 B.C.?
Temple of Concord
Who restored the Temple of Concord after he suppressed the followers of Gaius Gracchus in 121 B.C.?
Lucius Opimius
What year was the Temple of Concord restored by Lucius Opimius?
121 B.C.
Who did Lucius Opimius dedicate the Temple of Concord to when he restored it in 121 B.C.?
Concordia
In 121 B.C. what proconsul fought the first Roman battle against the Transalpine Gauls in the neighborhood of Avignon?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
What tribe did Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus defeat in 121 B.C. with the help of elephants?
Allobroges
What Arvernian chieftain did the Allobroges appeal to for help?
Bituitus
What Roman commander defeated the Arvernian chieftain, Bituitus in 120 B.C.?
Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus
Who annulled the Lex Rubria?
Minucius Rufus
Who routed Gaius Gracchus and his followers from the Aventine hill?
Lucius Opimius
On what hill were Gaius Gracchus and Fulvius Flaccus along with 300 of their supporters killed on?
Aventine
Who, in 125 B.C., destroyed the town of Fregellae?
Lucius Opimius
What title was Lucius Opimius given in 125 B.C. after putting down the revolt in Fregellae?
Destroyer of Fregellae
What town in the French Riviera called for help from the attacking Ligurians in 154 and 125 B.C.?
Massilia
Who crossed the western Alps to take the Ligurians in the rear in 125 B.C.?
Fulvius Flaccus
After campaigning on the seaboard, who turned inland to subdue more Ligurians between the Duranle and the Isere in 124 B.C.?
Fulvius Flaccus
What people did Fulvius Flaccus defeat in 125 and 124 B.C.?
Ligurians
In 121 B.C., what proconsul fought the first battle against the Allobroges and Arverni in the neighborhood of Avignon?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
Where did Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus defeat the Allobroges and Averni in 121 B.C.?
Vindalium
What year did Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus defeat the Allobroges and Arverni at Vindalium?
121 B.C.
What two tribes did Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus defeat at Vindalium in 121 B.C.?
Allobroges and Arverni
Where was Bituitus sent into exile after his defeat?
Alba Fucens
What son of Bituitus was also captured with him and sent to Alba Fucens?
Congonnetiacus
What town served as the place of exile for Syphax, Perseus, and Bituitus?
Alba Fucens
What Roman had been exiled by the people for killing the followers of Tiberius Gracchus but was later allowed to return?
Popillius Laenas
The failure to give what king part of Pergamum created future hostilities for the Romans?
Nicomedes II
What year did Lucius Opimius destroy Fregellae?
125 B.C.
What town did Lucius Opimius destroy in 125 B.C.?
Fregellae
What year was the Lex Rubria passed?
122 B.C.
What law of 123 B.C. made the state buy and import overseas grain for sale to citizens in Rome?
Lex Frumentaria
Gaius Gracchus made provision for the purchase of the overseas crops in bulk by the state for delivery at public warehouses in what city?
Ostia
What year was the lex Frumentaria established?
123 B.C.
What law of 123 B.C. excluded senators and curule magistrates from the Quaestio Perpetua de Rebus Repetundis established by the Lex Calpurnia in 149 B.C.?
Lex Acilia
What year was the lex Militaris established?
122 B.C.
What law made in 122 B.C. required the government to clothe and equip Roman soldiers, shortened terms of service, and forbade drafting boys under 17?
Lex Militaris
What year was the Lex Acilia established?
123 B.C.
What name was given to the large agricultural estates which resulted from the distribution of the Ager Publicus in the 2nd century B.C.?
Latifundia
What attendant of Lucius Opimius carried the entrails of a sacrifice, and forced his way through a crowd which resulted with the scuffle between the supporters of the two opposing groups on the Capitoline Hill which then led to his death?
Quintus Antyllius
What year was Transalpine Gaul made into a province?
121 B.C.
What place was made into a province in 121 B.C.?
Transalpine Gaul
What year did Gaius Gracchus commit suicide with the aid of the slave Philocrates?
121 B.C.
Who cleared the Balearic Islands of pirates in 123 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Balearicus
What year did Caecilius Metellus Balearicus rid the Balearic Islands of Pirates?
123 B.C.
Who did the Cimbri and Teutones defeat in 133 B.C.?
Carbo
What two tribes defeated Carbo in 133 B.C.?
Cimbri and Teutones
What year did the Cimbri and Teutones defeat Carbo during the Third Servile War?
133 B.C.
Who left settlements in 123 B.C. at Palma and Pollentia in Majorca?
Caecilius Metellus Balearicus
At what two locations did Caecilius Metellus Balearicus leave settlements in 123 B.C.?
Palma and Pollentia
What decree urged the consuls to protect the state from any harm?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
A Senatus Consultum Ultimum urged the holders of what office to protect the state from any harm?
Consul
Where was Rome’s first colony in Gaul?
Gallia Narbonensis
What year did Gallia Narbonensis become a Roman province?
121 B.C.
In 122 B.C., who led the fight against voting rights for the Italians?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder
Whose death is often cited as “the beginning of the Republic’s fall”?
Tiberius Gracchus
The second time Fulvius Flaccus’ proposal for a law failed, it was thanks to what man?
Gaius Fannius
What consul of 122 B.C. successfully ended Fulvius Flaccus’ second proposal for a law?
Gaius Fannius
What man had the prescience to propose a law that would give Italian allies citizenship, though it failed twice, the second time thanks to Gaius Fannius?
Fulvius Flaccus
Who killed himself, with the aid of his slave Philocrates, in the Grove of Furrina as the men of Opimius massacred 3,000 of his followers?
Gaius Gracchus
Where did Gaius Gracchus kill himself, with the aid of his slave Philocrates?
Grove of Furrina
Gaius Gracchus’ founding of Junonia was done on the site of what previous city?
Carthage
What name was given to Gaius Gracchus’ veterans colony on the former site of Carthage?
Junonia
Who provided for the founding of Junonia on the former site of Carthage?
Gaius Gracchus
What two commissioners, who followed Popilius Laenas, settled 75,000 men and increased the manpower available for military service by 20%?
Fulvius Flaccus and Papirius Carbo
By what percent did the two commissioners Fulvius Flaccus and Papirius Carbo increase the manpower available for military service?
0.2
What young noble established himself as a great Roman orator after his speech on support of colonies at Narbo?
Lucius Licinius Crassus
Who was the first man to build a triumphal arch in the Forum?
Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus
What daughter of Scipio Africanus was known for her learning and skill in speaking?
Cornelia
In what aspect of life was Cornelia known for her learning and skill?
Speaking
Tarentum was chosen, like Carthage, as a site for a colony by what relative of Scipio Africanus?
Gaius Gracchus
After the revolt of Aristonicus, what consul constituted Pergamum into the province of Asia in 129 B.C.?
Manius Aquilius
What year did Manius Aquilius constitute Pergamum into the province of Asia?
129 B.C.
What territory did Manius Aquilius constitute into the province of Asia in 129 B.C.?
Pergamum
What tribune of 131 B.C. attempted the bizarre feat of throwing his dissenter, Metellus Macedonicus, off of the Tarpeian Rock?
Gaius Atinius Labeo
Gaius Atinius Labeo attempted the bizarre feat of throwing his dissenter, Metellus Macedonicus, off of what cliff in 131 B.C.?
Tarpeian Rock
What dissenter of his and current censor did Gaius Atinius Labeo attempt to throw off of the Tarpeian Rock in 131 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
What year did the tribune Gaius Atinius Labeo attempt to throw Metellus Macedonicus off of the Tarpeian Rock?
131 B.C.
To what colony were the inhabitants of Fregellae moved following the destruction of their hometown by Lucius Opimius in 125 B.C.?
Fabrateria
Inhabitants from what city were moved to a colony at Fabrateria after their hometown was destroyed?
Fregellae
What year was a colony established at Fabrateria for the former inhabitants of Fregellae?
125 B.C.
In order to facilitate the marketing of the produce from the new allotments, what tribune made provision for the construction of new secondary roads in Italy which would give employment and also help the rural electorate to travel more easily?
Gaius Gracchus
To stimulate industrial revival, Gaius Gracchus carried a supplementary bill for the foundation of colonies at what two cities (along with others which are not named)?
Tarentum, Capua
What tribune carried a supplementary bill for the foundation of colonies at Tarentum and Capua?
Gaius Gracchus
What Roman province did Gaius Gracchus visit in 122 B.C. in order to prepare for the foundation of his colony at Junonia?
Africa
Rumors circulated while Gaius Gracchus was determining the borders of what colony, that he was encroaching on the cursed site on which the city of Carthage had been built, that hurricanes charged with the wrath of heaven had whirled away some of the trespassing boundary-marks and that jackals had grubbed up the rest and carried them far out of reach?
Junonia
Fall of the Republic 133-27 B.C. (Jugurtha)
On what road did the Romans found a citizen colony of discharged veterans at Gallia Narbonensis in 118 B.C.?
Via Domitia
Who was the father-in-law of Jugurtha?
Bocchus I
How was Bocchus I related to Jugurtha?
Father-in-law
Who convinced Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha and hand him over in 105 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What father-in-law of Jugurtha did Sulla convince to hand him over in 105 B.C.?
Bocchus I
From what years did the Cimbrian War last?
113-101 B.C.
What were the four tribes that Rome fought against in the Cimbrian War?
Cimbri, Teutones, Ambrones, and Tigurini
What year did Sulla convince Bocchus I to hand over Jugurtha?
105 B.C.
In what year did the Romans found a citizen colony of discharged veterans at Gallia Narbonensis?
118 B.C.
What is modern day Cirta in Algeria?
Constantine
Who adopted the cognomen Dalmaticus by campaigning against the Dalmatians from 119-117 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus
What man completely reconstructed the Temple of Castor and Pollux in 117 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus
What year did Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus completely reconstruct the Temple of Castor and Pollux?
117 B.C.
What temple did Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus completely reconstruct in 117 B.C.?
Temple of Castor and Pollux
What was the exact date that Caesar was born on?
July 12, 100 B.C.
Who was called “Third founder of Rome”?
Gaius Marius
What honorary title did Gaius Marius earn for defeating the invading Germanic tribes such as the Cimbri, Teutones, and Ambrones?
Third founder of Rome
From what years was Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus campaigning against the Dalmatians?
119-117 B.C.
What year did Caecilius Metellus Balearicus serve as censor?
119 B.C.
Which of the Metelli served as censor in 119 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Balearicus
Who was the mother of Gaius Marius?
Fulcinia
What year was the battle of Avignon?
121 B.C.
At what battle of 121 B.C. did Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus defeat the Allobroges?
Avignon
What tribe did Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus defeat at Avignon in 121 B.C.?
Allobroges
What commander defeated the Allobroges in 121 B.C.?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus earned his name by defeating what people?
Dalmatians
Who married Metella, the daughter of Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus?
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
What were known as Marius’ mules?
His soldiers
What two tribes were collectively known as the Northmen?
Cimbri and Teutones
What name refers to the Cimbri and Teutones collectively?
The Northmen
What commander won at the battle of Muthul Valley in 109 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
What consul of 109 B.C. stationed a garrison at Vaga?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
Where did Caecilius Metellus Numidicus station a garrison in 109 B.C.?
Vaga
What city did Jugurtha recapture from Metellus Numidicus but later lose again?
Vaga
When a vestal virgin was struck by lightning in 114 B.C., what tribune seized his opportunity of affirming the competence of the Tribal Assembly in regard to religious matters?
Sextus Peducaeus
What was the name of the Vestal Virgin who was executed for leading her colleagues, Marcia and Licinia, to break their vow of unchastity in 114 B.C.?
Aemilia
The Vestal Virgin Aemilia was executed for leading what two colleagues of her to break their vow of unchastity in 114 B.C.?
Marcia and Licinia
What year did the Vestal Virgin Aemilia lead her two colleagues, Marcia and Licinia, to break their vow of unchastity?
114 B.C.
What was the name of the Vestal Virgin that was struck by lightning while on horseback in 114 B.C.?
Helvia
What Novus Homo from Arpinum held the consulship 7 times, making history, and reformed the Roman army?
Gaius Marius
Who found an eagle’s nest with 7 chicks which was an omen that he would hold 7 consulships?
Gaius Marius
Marius found what type of bird’s nest with 7 chicks in it, which was an omen that he would hold 7 consulships?
Eagle
What “probably” elected censor of 115 B.C., and cousin of Metellus Balearicus, protected the northern frontier of Macedonia by defeating the Scordisci on the Lower Save?
Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus
What year did Caecilius Metellus Diadematus serve as censor?
115 B.C.
What year did the Germanic forces overpower Papirius Carbo at Illyria?
113 B.C.
Whose forces were defeated by the Germans at Illyria in 113 B.C.?
Papirius Carbo
It was prophesied by a soothsayer from Utica that what man was certain to succeed no matter how high his ambitions?
Gaius Marius
Where did Marius have a stray prophecy given to him by a seer?
Utica
After Jugurtha’s defeat and death, what stepbrother of his was given Numidia?
Gauda
Who aided Marius in the defacing of Numidicus’ reputation which led to Marius gaining command against Jugurtha?
Gauda
When was Marius’ first consulship?
107 B.C.
What year was the battle of Burdigala?
107 B.C.
After what battle of 107 B.C. was Marcus Aemilius Scaurus taken prisoner?
Burdigala
After the battle of Burdigala in 107 B.C., what commander was taken prisoner?
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
At what battle was Lucius Cassius Longinus killed in 107 B.C.?
Burdigala
What year was Lucius Cassius Longinus killed at Burdigala?
107 B.C.
Who was killed at the battle of Burdigala in 107 B.C.?
(Lucius) Cassius Longinus
What tribe did Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus defeat in 115 B.C. on the Lower Save?
Scordisci
Where did Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus defeat the Scordisci in 115 B.C.?
Lower Save
Following Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus’ success against them, the Scordisci were once again defeated by what consul from 112-111 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Caprarius
What year was Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus “probably” elected censor?
115 B.C.
From what years were the Scordisci defeated by Caecilius Metellus Caprarius?
112-111 B.C.
In 107 B.C., Marius led a column through the desert to surprise, capture and destroy Jugurtha’s southern stronghold which was located where?
Capsa
At what battle of 107 B.C. did the consul Cassius Longinus allow himself to be lured by the Tigurini and killed in an ambuscade?
Burdigala
What year was the battle of Burdigala where the consul Cassius Longinus allowed himself to be lured by the Tigurini and killed in an ambuscade?
107 B.C.
What consul was lured by the Tigurini and killed in an ambuscade in 107 B.C. at Burdigala?
Cassius Longinus
What tribe lured and killed Cassius Longinus in an ambuscade at the battle of Burdigala in 107 B.C.?
Tigurini
What year did Marius lead a column through the desert to capture and destroy Jugurtha’s southern stronghold at Capsa?
107 B.C.
What praetor refused to rise for the consul, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, who had induced Opimius to take up arms against Gracchus? Scaurus responded by tearing this man’s gown, breaking his chair to pieces, and ordering that no-one receive justice at the hands of the praetor.
Publius Decius
What year did the praetor Publius Decius refuse to stand for Aemilius Scaurus who had induced Lucius Opimius to take up arms against Gracchus?
115 B.C.
When the praetor Publius Decius refused to rise for the consul, the consul responded by then tearing Decius’ gown, breaking his chair to pieces, and ordering that no-one should receive justice at the hands of the praetor. Who was the consul?
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
Who led a column through the desert to capture and destroy Jugurtha’s southern stronghold at Capsa in 107 B.C.?
Gaius Marius
What year was Marius’ last consulship?
86 B.C.
Which Roman convinced Bocchus I to change sides and kidnap Jugurtha, thus ending a conflict in Africa?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What were the dates of the Jugurthine War?
112-105 B.C.
Who persuaded Micipsa to adopt Jugurtha?
Scipio Aemilianus
Who was Jugurtha’s adoptive father?
Micipsa
What year did king Micipsa die?
118 B.C.
Who said that Rome was “A city for sale”?
Jugurtha
After Micipsa died, between what two sons, and stepson, was the kingdom divided?
Hiempsal, Adherbal, and Jugurtha
After Jugurtha ordered Hiempsal to be killed in 117 B.C., who did Rome then have Numidia divided between in 116 B.C.?
Jugurtha and Adherbal
In 116 B.C., what province was divided between Jugurtha and Adherbal after Hiempsal was put to death by Jugurtha?
Numidia
What year did Rome divide Numidia between Jugurtha and Adherbal?
116 B.C.
What year was Hiempsal put to death by Jugurtha?
117 B.C.
While consul in the year 112 B.C., what tribe did Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder defeat in Macedonia?
Scordisci
What consul of 112 B.C. defeated the Scordisci in Macedonia?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder
What year did Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder defeat the Scordisci?
112 B.C.
What year did Jugurtha sack Adherbal’s capital, Cirta, brutally kill Adherbal, and massacre the Italian residents?
112 B.C.
What year did Jugurtha kill Adherbal?
112 B.C.
What was Adherbal’s capital, where Jugurtha sieged and killed him in 112 B.C.?
Cirta
Where was Adherbal killed in 112 B.C.?
Cirta
What year was Adherbal killed at Cirta?
112 B.C.
Who was Caecilius Metellus Numidicus’ former second-in-command?
Rutilius Rufus
Who was the oldest (legitimate) son of Micipsa?
Adherbal
Who was the youngest (legitimate) son of Micipsa?
Hiempsal
What tribune tried to get Jugurtha to present king’s evidence of senatorial corruption (bribes) in Rome in 111 B.C.?
Gaius Memmius
What tribune of 111 B.C. attacked the aristocrats on a charge of corrupt relations with Jugurtha?
Gaius Memmius
What year did Gaius Memmius attack the aristocrats on a charge of corrupt relations with Jugurtha?
111 B.C.
What was the name of Jugurtha’s cousin, a potential rival for the Numidian throne?
Massiva
What famous saying by Jugurtha means “city for sale”?
Urbs venalis
Who is known for the saying “urbs venalis”?
Jugurtha
What does Jugurtha’s saying “urbs venalis” mean?
City for sale
What tribune embarked on “a general assault upon the nobility” in 109 B.C. and passed a law creating a special court to look into charges of bribery?
Gaius Mamilius
What name was given to the special court which was created by Gaius Mamilius’ law that looked into charges of bribery?
Mamilian Commission
What tribune of 109 B.C. was able to get Lucius Opimius, Postumius Albinus, and Lucius Calpurnius Bestia exiled on corruption charges/bribery charges?
Gaius Mamilius
What tribune of 109 B.C. set up three tribunals with equestrian jurors (whom Cicero calls “Gracchani”) to investigate culpable collaboration with Jugurtha?
Gaius Mamilius
What year was Gaius Mamilius serving as tribune?
109 B.C.
Who was the first anti-Jugurthan commander?
Lucius Calpurnius Bestia
Whose truce was repudiated during the Jugurthine War?
Lucius Calpurnius Bestia
What consul invaded Numidia in 110 B.C.?
Spurius Postumius Albinus
What year did Spurius Postumius Albinus invade Numidia?
110 B.C.
What Roman had an unsuccessful attempt to take Jugurtha’s treasure castle in Suthul in 110 B.C.?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
When Spurius Postumius Albinus’ brother Aulus Postumius Albinus got the leadership of the Roman army, he was easily tricked by Jugurtha, who trapped the Romans near what town in 110 B.C.?
Suthul
Where was Jugurtha’s treasure castle?
Suthul
Where did Marius besiege and capture one of Jugurtha’s last fortresses in 106 B.C.?
Muluccha River
Who captured Jugurtha’s fortress at Muluccha River in 106 B.C.?
Gaius Marius
How was Spurius Postumius Albinus related to Aulus Postumius Albinus?
Brother
What man was unwillingly placed into the command against Jugurtha and although he made a concerted effort, was ultimately forced into the humiliating position of walking under the yolk?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
Who was the father of Micipsa?
Masinissa
How old was Masinissa when he died?
90
What battle of 113 B.C. were the forces of Papirius Carbo defeated by the Cimbri and Teutones?
Noreia
At the battle of Noreia in 113 B.C., whose forces were annihilated by the Cimbri and Teutones?
Gnaeus Papirius Carbo
What year was the battle of Noreia?
113 B.C.
What two tribes defeated Gnaeus Papirius Carbo’s forces at the battle of Noreia in 113 B.C.?
Cimbri and Teutones
After moving around the Alps, in 109 B.C. the Germanic tribes encountered a second force near Gallia Narbonensis under what consul?
Marcus Iunius Silanus
What year did the Germanic tribes encounter the Roman consul Marcus Iunius Silanus in the Alps near Gallia Narbonensis?
109 B.C.
What tribe raided the Roman territory on the west bank of the Rhone, and caused a rebellion among the Tectosages?
Tigurini
What tribe did the Tigurini cause a rebellion among?
Tectosages
What year was Gaius Mamilius able to get Lucius Opimius, Postumius Albinus, and Lucius Calpurnius Bestia exiled on corruption charges/bribery charges?
109 B.C.
What year was Caecilius Metellus Numidicus consul?
109 B.C.
What tribe invaded Roman territory and forced the troops of Popillius Laenas to pass under the yoke in 107 B.C.?
Tigurini
In 107 B.C., the Tigurini forced whose troops to pass under the yoke?
Popillius Laenas
What year did the Tigurini force the troops of Popillius Laenas to pass under the yoke?
107 B.C.
Who double crossed the Metelli who had helped him?
Gaius Marius
Who captured several towns, including Cirta, and defeated Jugurtha in the Muthul Valley in 109 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
What year was the battle of Muthul Valley?
109 B.C.
Who led the Romans and defeated Jugurtha at the battle of Muthul Valley in 109 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
What quaestor of Marius and him were successful when Marius’ quaestor convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans in 105 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
In what part of the Mamertine Prison was Jugurtha strangled to death in 104 B.C.?
Tullianum
What year was Jugurtha strangled in the Tullianum?
104 B.C.
How was Jugurtha killed?
Strangled
Who received the western part of Jugurtha’s kingdom?
Bocchus I
Who received the eastern part of Jugurtha’s kingdom?
Gauda
Who were the two sons of Jugurtha?
Oxyntas and Iampsas
How was Gauda related to Jugurtha?
Step-brother
What town was Oxyntas sent to after his father died in 104 B.C.?
Venusia
What were the dates of Marius’ 7 consulships?
107, 104-100, 86 B.C.
What consul of 106 B.C. carried a bill by which some control of the court “De Rebus Repetundis” was handed back to senators?
Servilius Caepio
What year was the battle of Arausio?
105 B.C.
What Roman battle had 80,000 casualties?
Arausio
How many casualties is the battle of Arausio said to have had?
80000
What battle of 105 B.C. did Rome refer to as a “dies ater” or “day of disaster”?
Arausio
What does the term “dies ater” signify?
Day of disaster
Who defeated the Romans at Arausio in 105 B.C.?
Cimbri and Teutones
Who led the Romans at the battle of Arausio in 105 B.C.?
Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus
What two kings, respectively, led the Cimbri and Teutones at the battle of Arausio in 105 B.C.?
Boiorix and Teutobod
What king led the Cimbri at Arausio in 105 B.C.?
Boiorix
What king led the Teutones at Arausio in 105 B.C.?
Teutobod
Who stole gold from Tolosa during the battle of Arausio in 105 B.C.?
Servilius Caepio
Servilius Caepio stole gold from where during the battle of Arausio in 105 B.C.?
Tolosa
What year did Servilius Caepio steal gold from Tolosa?
105 B.C.
How many pounds of gold did Servilius Caepio steal from Tolosa?
100000
How many pounds of silver did Servilius Caepio steal from Tolosa?
110000
At what battle were the Cimbri and Teutones led by the two kings Boiorix and Teutobod?
Arausio
What tribune of 104 B.C. failed to secure co-optation to the college of augurs through the opposition of Aemilius Scaurus, and prosecuted Scaurus on the charge of contravening the augural ritual?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
What year did the tribune Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus prosecute Marcus Aemilius Scaurus on the charge of contravening the augural ritual?
104 B.C.
Who was prosecuted by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus in 104 B.C. on the charge of contravening the augural ritual?
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
What year was the battle of Aquae Sextiae?
102 B.C.
Who defeated the Teutones at the battle of Aquae Sextiae in 102 B.C.?
Gaius Marius
What tribe did Marius defeat at the battle of Aquae Sextiae in 102 B.C.?
Teutones
What year was the battle of Vercellae?
101 B.C.
What two generals defeated the Cimbri at the battle of Vercellae ending the War between the Cimbri and Teutones in 101 B.C.?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catulus
What tribe did Marius and Lutatius Catulus defeat at the battle of Vercellae in 101 B.C.?
Cimbri
At what battle did Lutatius Catulus aid Gaius Marius in defeating the Cimbri?
Vercellae
What is the other name for the Battle of Vercellae which was fought in 101 B.C.?
Campi Raudii
What battle is sometimes referred to as “Campi Raudii”?
Vercellae
What three-time tribune was killed in 100 B.C. after the senate passed a Senatus Consultum Ultimum against him for mob violence, giving Marius the right to stop him?
Appuleius Saturninus
What man had been appointed quaestor Ōstiēnsis when a Sicilian slave-revolt prompted a grain shortage at Rome?
Appuleius Saturninus
What position was Appuleius Saturninus appointed to when a Sicilian slave-revolt prompted a grain shortage at Rome?
Quaestor Ostiensis
What man was given power by a Senatus Consultum Ultimum to stop Appuleius Saturninus in 100 B.C.?
Gaius Marius
How many tribuneships did Appuleius Saturninus hold in all?
3
What rival candidate to Saturninus, had been beaten to death by the hired agents of Saturninus and Servilius Glaucia while the voting was actually going on?
Gaius Memmius
What were the dates of the Second Servile War?
104-100 B.C.
What year did Caecilius Metellus Numidicus defeat Jugurtha in the Muthul Valley?
108 B.C.
Who restored peace in the Balkans in 101 B.C.?
Titus Didius
What year did Titus Didius restore peace in the Balkans?
101 B.C.
Where did Titus Didius restore peace in 101 B.C.?
The Balkans
What consul of 97 B.C. explored the open-sea route across the Bay of Biscay to the Cornish tin-mines?
Publius Licinius Crassus
What tribe did Titus Didius reduce in 93 B.C.?
Celtiberians
What year did Titus Didius reduce the Celtiberians?
93 B.C.
What Roman general restored peace in the Balkans in 101 B.C. and then later went on to reduce the Celtiberians in 93 B.C.?
Titus Didius
What lieutenant of Marius defeated the uprising of Salvius and Athenion on the island of Sicily?
Manius Aquilius
What tribune of 103 B.C. sponsored a law giving 100 iugera of African land to each of Marius’ African veterans?
Appuleius Saturninus
Whose African veterans benefited from a law sponsored by Appuleius Saturninus in 103 B.C.?
Gaius Marius
Who pelted an opposing tribune with stones to make him withdraw his veto in 103 B.C.?
Appuleius Saturninus
Who introduced the maiestas law, making it a crime to compromise, injure, or diminish the maiestas of the Roman people?
Appuleius Saturninus
Saturninus and Glaucia along with what radical quaestor of 99 B.C. fled to the Capitol before Marius simply cut off their water supply and waited for their thirst to force their surrender?
Gaius Saufeius
What year did Gaius Saufeius serve as quaestor?
99 B.C.
What three men fled to the Capitol where their water supply was then cut off by Marius and forced to surrender?
Appuleius Saturninus, Servilius Glaucia, and Gaius Saufeius
When Appuleius Saturninus, Servilius Glaucia, and Gaius Saufeius fled to the Capitol, what man cut off their water supply, thereby forcing their surrender?
Gaius Marius
What was the “Law of Treason” in Rome?
Maiestas
What uncle of Gaius Gracchus served as consul in 105 B.C.?
Rutilius Rufus
What year did Gaius Gracchus’ uncle, Rutilius Rufus serve as consul?
105 B.C.
While tribune in 103 B.C. Appuleius Saturninus allied himself with what firebrand tribune to attack the incompetent Roman generals, Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus, who had been defeated by the Northmen at Arausio?
Gaius Norbanus
What year did Appuleius Saturninus ally himself with the firebrand tribune Gaius Norbanus?
103 B.C.
Upon returning from Arausio, who was convicted by Appuleius Saturninus and Gaius Norbanus and given the harshest sentence allowable: being stripped of his citizenship, forbidden fire and water within eight hundred miles of Rome, nominally fined 15,000 talents (about 825,000 lb) of gold, and being forbidden to see or speak to his friends or family until he had left for exile?
Servilius Caepio
Who was fined 15,000 talents (825,000 lb) of gold by Gaius Norbanus and Appuelius Saturninus, an impossible sum to pay as it was more than all of the Roman treasury combined?
Servilius Caepio
Who convicted Servilius Caepio upon his return from Arausio?
Appuleius Saturninus and Gaius Norbanus
How many times was Appuleius Saturninus elected tribune?
3
What tribune of 101 B.C. passed a law that gave the Quaestio Perpetua De Rebus Repetundis back to equestrian jurors?
Servilius Glaucia
Who proposed giving the command against the Cilician pirates and Mithridates VI to Marius?
Appuleius Saturninus
Appuleius Saturninus proposed giving the command against the Cilician pirates and Mithridates VI to whom?
Gaius Marius
Who hired thugs to kill his former tribune Gaius Memmius?
Servilius Glaucia
Because Appuleius Saturninus appended an oath of obedience senators had to take, with what qualification did Marius take the oath, after which he immediately undermined the law?
So far as it is legal
Who locked up Appuleius Saturninus in the curia?
Gaius Marius
Who died while he was locked up in the curia from nobles and equites climbing to the roof and pelting him with roof tiles to death?
Appuleius Saturninus
After Appuleius Saturninus’ death, who was dragged from a friend’s house and murdered?
Servilius Glaucia
Who led the revolt for the Second Servile War?
Salvius and Athenion
Who was known as “Another Camillus”?
Gaius Marius
What two Populares did Marius have to rely on to pass legislation benefiting his veterans, equestrian supporters, and Italian clients?
Appuleius Saturninus and Servilius Glaucia
What leader took the name (king) Tryphon?
Salvius
Salvius took on what name?
(king) Tryphon
What tribune of 99 B.C. passed legislation which allowed Caecilius Metellus Numidicus to return from exile (which he did to a hero’s welcome)?
Quintus Calidius
Quintus Calidius passed legislation in 99 B.C. which allowed what man to return from exile?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
What year did Quintus Calidius pass legislation which allowed Caecilius Metellus Numidicus to return from exile to a hero’s welcome?
99 B.C.
Who bequeathed the kingdom of Cyrene to Rome in 96 B.C.?
Ptolemy Apion
What year did Ptolemy Apion bequeath the kingdom of Cyrene to Rome?
96 B.C.
What kingdom did Ptolemy Apion bequeath to Rome in 96 B.C.?
Cyrene
Who was the wife of Marius?
Julia
What man might have been sponsored by Gaius Herennius which led to a well-begun career?
Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius may have been sponsored by what noble, whose family were traditional patrons of the Marian clan, which made for a well-begun career?
Gaius Herennius
What man refused to give evidence against Gaius Marius when he was charged with bribery following his election to the praetorship, on the grounds that he was Marius’ patron?
Gaius Herennius
When what man was charged with bribery following his election to the praetorship in 115 B.C. did a certain Gaius Herennius refuse to give evidence against this man on the grounds that he was this man’s patron?
Gaius Marius
Who, after a first successful violence venture in turning a mob upon a colleague who had vetoed his allotment-law, made habitual use of knuckles, sticks and stones in political battles?
Appuleius Saturninus
In what year did the consuls Lucius Lincinius Crassus and Mucius Scaevola set up a quaestio (trial under Roman law) on aliens who were claiming to be citizens?
95 B.C.
What two consuls of the year 95 B.C. set up a quaestio (trial under Roman law) on aliens who were claiming to be citizens?
Lucius Licinius Crassus and Mucius Scaevola
What consul of 95 B.C. explored the open-sea route across the Bay of Biscay to the Cornish tin-mines?
Lucius Licinius Crassus
What year did Lucius Licinius Crassus serve as consul with Mucius Scaevola?
95 B.C.
Across what bay did Lucius Licinius Crassus sail around 95 B.C.?
Bay of Biscay
What father of Marcus Licinius Crassus served as consul in 97 B.C.?
Publius Licinius Crassus
During what consul’s term in 97 B.C. did the senate abolish the practice of magic arts and human sacrifice?
Publius Licinius Crassus (father of Marcus Licinius Crassus)
What year did Publius Licinius Crassus (father of Marcus) serve as consul?
97 B.C.
What year did the senate abolish the practice of magic arts and human sacrifice?
97 B.C.
What ex-consul was pronounced guilty of extortion in Asia by an equestrian jury in 92 B.C.?
Rutilius Rufus
What year was Rutilius Rufus pronounced guilty of extortion in Asia by an equestrian jury?
92 B.C.
Where was Rutilius Rufus pronounced guilty of extortion by an equestrian jury in 92 B.C.?
Asia
When the senate consulted the Sibylline oracle because the people were calm after the execution of the Vestal Virgins, what did the oracle instruct the Senate to do?
Sacrifice a Greek and Gallic couple
What praetor was sent to occupy and protect some patrol stations in Pamphylia and western Cilicia from pirates in 102 B.C.?
Marcus Antonius
What year was Mark Antony’s grandfather, Marcus Antonius, sent to occupy and protect some patrol stations in Pamphylia and western Cilicia from Pirates?
102 B.C.
Where was the praetor Marcus Antonius sent to occupy and protect some patrol stations from pirates in 102 B.C.?
Pamphylia and western Cilicia
Who united the Numidians after the death of Masinissa?
Micipsa
After whose death in 118 B.C. did Jugurtha execute Hiempsal?
Micipsa
What Roman came to the conclusion that Numidia should be divided between Jugurtha and Adherbal?
Lucius Opimius
What year was Lucius Calpurnius Bestia given command against Jugurtha?
111 B.C.
Who was the first to be given command against Jurgurtha in 111 B.C.?
Lucius Calpurnius Bestia
What young tribune brought Jugurtha to Rome so that he could identify scandalous senators who tried to bribe Jugurtha?
Gaius Memmius
Who resumed the campaign against Jugurtha in 110 B.C. with a force of 40,000?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
What three men were accused and exiled for bribing Jugurtha?
Spurius Postumius Albinus, Lucius Opimius, and Lucius Calpurnius Bestia
What consul took over the war against Jugurtha in 109 B.C. after Aulus Postumius Albinus’ surrender?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
Who replaced Caecilius Metellus Numidicus in 107 B.C. for the command against Jugurtha?
Gaius Marius
Who did Marius replace for the command against Jugurtha in 107 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
Name in order the 5 generals who fought against Jugurtha?
Lucius Calpurnius Bestia, Spurius Postumius Albinus, Aulus Postumius Albinus, Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Gaius Marius
How was Caecilius Metellus Numidicus related to Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus?
Nephew
What “new recruits” did Marius take in?
Proletarii
What capable general utilized new recruits called “proletarii”?
Gaius Marius
What was the Roman legionary standard?
Silver eagle (Aquila)
What was meant by the phrase “Marius’ Mules”?
Marius reformed the army so that men carried their own packs of tools and equipment
What rival to Servilius Glaucia did Saturninus procure the death of in 100 B.C.?
Gaius Memmius
Who killed Gaius Memmius in 100 B.C.?
Appuleius Saturninus
What tribune transferred election of priests to popular vote, and became the first Pontifex Maximus to be elected by the people?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
What was the fate of Adherbal?
Tortured and killed while in Rome
What two tribes defeated Silanus in 109 B.C.?
Cimbri and Teutones
Who did the Cimbri and Teutones defeat in 109 B.C.?
Silanus
What year did the Cimbri and Teutones defeat Silanus?
109 B.C.
What year was Papirius Carbo defeated by the Cimbri and Teutones at the start of the Cimbrian War?
113 B.C.
Who did the Tigurini defeat in 107 B.C.?
Cassius Longinus
What year was Cassius Longinus defeated by the Tigurini?
107 B.C.
What tribe defeated Cassius Longinus in 107 B.C.?
Tigurini
What two men were “tiled” to death by a senatorial mob in the Curia Hostilia?
Appuleius Saturninus and Servilius Glaucia
What was Marius’ first office, which he was elected to in 119 B.C.?
Tribune
What year was Marius elected tribune?
119 B.C.
After falling out of favor with the Metelli, Marius was only appointed to what office in 115 B.C.?
Praetor
What year was Marius appointed praetor?
115 B.C.
Marius once again gained favor with the Metelli when he served as legate for whom in Africa?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
Who was given the eastern and richer half of Numidia?
Adherbal
What was the first battle in the Cimbrian War?
Noreia
The Battle of Noreia was the first in what conflict?
Cimbrian War
What other Gallic tribe aided the Cimbri and Teutones during the Cimbrian War?
Tigurini
What lieutenant of Cassius Longinus was spared at Burdigala but was made to pass under the yolk?
Popillius Laenas
Where was Popillius Laenas spared in 107 B.C. but was still forced to pass under the yolk?
Burdigala
What year was Popillius Laenas spared at Burdigala, but was still forced to pass under the yolk?
107 B.C.
From what tribe’s sanctuary in Tolosa did Servilius Caepio steal 100,000 pounds of gold and 110,000 pounds of silver?
Tectosages
What year did Quintus Servilius Caepio serve as consul?
106 B.C.
According to some sources, what man left Rome in disgrace to live in exile at Smyrna?
Quintus Servilius Caepio
According to some sources, where did Quintus Servilius Caepio live in disgraceful exile?
Smyrna
In what year did the Tigurini voluntarily retreat from the Cimbrian War?
106 B.C.
With what two tribes did the Cimbri and Teutones skirmish in 102 B.C.?
Celtiberians and Belgae
What year did the Cimbri and Teutones skirmish against the Celtiberians and Belgae?
102 B.C.
What tribe did Sulla drive off into the eastern Alps in 101 B.C.?
Tigurini
What year did Sulla drive off the Tigurini into the Alps?
101 B.C.
Who drove off the Tigurini in the Alps in 101 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What consul was defeated in the Balkans by the Scordisci in 114 B.C. which led to them taking their raids as far as Delphi?
Gaius Porcius Cato
What tribe defeated Gaius Porcius Cato in the Balkans in 114 B.C., which led to them taking their raids as far as Delphi?
Scordisci
What year did the Scordisci inflict a severe defeat on the consul Gaius Porcius Cato, leading to them taking their raids as far as Delphi?
114 B.C.
What consuls of 113 and 112 B.C. drove the Scordisci back upon the Danube?
Caecilius Metellus Caprarius and Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder
What tribe did Caecilius Metellus Caprarius and Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder drive back upon the Danube in 112 B.C.?
Scordisci
Who restored complete peace in the Balkans in 101 B.C.?
Titus Didius
What year did Titus Didius restore complete peace in the Balkans?
101 B.C.
Where did Titus Didius restore complete peace in 101 B.C.?
The Balkans
Who received a second triumph in 93 B.C. for reducing the Celtiberians?
Titus Didius
What year did Titus Didius receive a second triumph for reducing the Celtiberians?
93 B.C.
For reducing what people did Titus Didius receive a second triumph in 93 B.C.?
Celtiberians
What lieutenant of Marius was sent with a detachment from Aquae Sextiae to deal with the Second Servile War?
Manius Aquilius
Who attempted to remove Saturninus from the senate in 102 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
What year did Caecilius Metellus Numidicus attempt to remove Saturninus from the senate?
102 B.C.
What man did Caecilius Metellus Numidicus attempt to remove from the senate in 102 B.C.?
Appuleius Saturninus
Who was accused by the Tribal Assembly in 101 B.C. for insulting the envoys of Mithridates VI?
Appuleius Saturninus
What year was Appuleius Saturninus accused of insulting the envoys of Mithridates VI?
101 B.C.
In what year did the senate pass a resolution that banned human sacrifice?
97 B.C.
How many iugera in Africa did Lucius Appuleius Saturninus assign to each of Marius’ African veterans in 103 B.C.?
100
What tribune passed a law in 101 B.C. that returned the extortion court to equestrian jurors?
Servilius Glaucia
What law was Servilius Glaucia in defiance of which required a two-year interval between the offices of praetor and consul?
Lex Villia Annalis
What was Jugurtha’s full quote concerning the Romans?
Urbem venalem et mature, si emptorum invenerit
Appuleius Saturninus went on a tour of Asia Minor on the pretense of fulfilling a vow to what deity at Passinus in Phrygia?
Cybele
What man went on a tour of Asia Minor on the pretense of fulfilling a vow to Cybele at Passinus in Phrygia?
Appuleius Saturninus
Probably with the main purpose of dealing with pirates, where was Sulla appointed to be proconsul in 96 B.C.?
Cilicia
What position did Sulla hold under Marius during the Jugurthine War?
Quaestor
Who held the position of quaestor under Marius during the Jugurthine War?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What elderly knight was prosecuted for being involved in the murder of Appuleius Saturninus under the Senatus Consultum Ultimum?
Gaius Rabirius
What position did Sulla hold under Marius during the War with Jugurtha?
Quaestor
Who held the position of quaestor under Marius during the War with Jugurtha?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla held the position of quaestor under what man during the War with Jugurtha?
Gaius Marius
Jugurtha proposed that Rome was “a city for sale and doomed to a quick destruction should it find a buyer” while serving under Scipio Aemilianus where?
Numantia
Jugurtha served under what man in Numantia?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
After the battle of Arausio in 105 B.C., what Roman was captured and burned alive in a wicker cage? It is said that he did not betray Rome, nor did he cry out or scream.
Marcus Aurelius Scaurus
What year was Marcus Aurelius Scaurus burned alive in a wicker cage?
105 B.C.
In what was Marcus Aurelius Scaurus burned in 105 B.C.?
Wicker cage
Who personally captured Jugurtha?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Whose revolt did Manius Aquilius crush?
Salvius and Athenion
What tribune increased the power of the Tribal Assembly in religious matters after a Vestal Virgin was struck by lightning in 114 B.C.?
Sextus Peducaeus
What commander at Arausio was a novus homo?
Mallius Maximus
What title did Mallius Maximus possess?
Novus Homo
What tribune instituted, by a law of the Tribal Assembly, a special court to investigate recent cases of aristocratic corruption during the conflict with Jugurtha?
Gaius Mamilius
What two famous men were born in 106 B.C.?
Cicero, Pompeius Magnus
What year was Cicero born at Arpinum?
106 B.C.
What year was Pompeius Magnus born at Picenum?
106 B.C.
Where was Cicero born in 106 B.C.?
Arpinum
Where was Pompeius Magnus born in 106 B.C.?
Picenum
What year did Bocchus I surrender Jugurtha over to the Romans?
105 B.C.
According to Caesar, Noreia was known to have been the capital of what Celtic kingdom?
Noricum
What did the Senate do when the execution of the Vestal Virgins did not calm the masses?
Consulted the Sibylline oracle
When the execution of the Vestal Virgins did not calm the masses, what did the Sibylline oracle tell the Romans to do?
Sacrifice a Greek and Gallic couple
What Gallic tribe did Sulla defeat who were later wiped out by Caesar?
Tigurini
Saturninus went on a tour of Asia Minor on the pretense of fulfilling a vow to what deity at Passinus in Phrygia?
Cybele
Who went on a tour of Asia Minor on the pretense of fulfilling a vow to Cybele at Passinus in Phrygia?
Appuleius Saturninus
Who was empowered by the Senatus Consultum Ultimum to put down Appuleius Saturninus?
Gaius Marius
What office did Servilius Glaucia hold in 100 B.C., the year of his death?
Praetor
What office did Servilius Glaucia hold in 107 B.C.?
Quaestor
What office did Servilius Glaucia hold in either 106 or 104 B.C.?
Tribune
Of what origin was the name “Tryphon” which Salvius assumed?
Seleucid
Around 100 B.C., what man claimed to be the bastard son of Tiberius Gracchus?
Lucius Equitus
Around 100 B.C., Lucius Equitus claimed to be the bastard son of what former tribune?
Tiberius Gracchus
The Cimbri and Teutones inflicted a loss upon Rome for being driven out of what two places due to overpopulation?
Jutland and Frisia
What two tribes were driven from Jutland and Frisia due to overpopulation?
Cimbri and Teutones
Quintus Caecilius Metellus was given the title “Numidius” for his role in which war?
Jugurthine War
What first century B.C. Roman historian wrote the monograph “Bellum Jugurthinum”?
Sallust
What two men fought at Burdigala in 107 B.C., though one died, and the other was spared and forced to pass under the yoke?
Lucius Cassius Longinus, Gaius Popillius Laenas
What may possibly be an alternative name for the battle of Burdigala of 107 B.C.?
Gascony
Training another proletarian army, who, by way of inuring his troops to the hardships of war, imposed upon them a fatigue task that foreshadowed the great public works of the imperial army, the excavation of a canal as a by-pass to the silted Rhone estuary?
Gaius Marius
Translate “Marius’ mules” into Latin
Muli Mariana
Who sued for the consulship of 99 B.C.?
Servilius Glaucia
What year did Servilius Glaucia sue for the consulship?
99 B.C.
What man tried to restrain the publicani in his province and ended up being exiled from Rome on trumped-up corruption charges, where he then retired to live as a hero among the very people whom he had been found guilty of exploiting?
Rutilius Rufus
What year did Marcus Aemilius Scaurus serve as consul?
115 B.C.
What man served as consul in 115 B.C. then later served as Princeps Senatus?
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (Social War, 1st Mithridatic War, Sulla)
Whose assassination in 91 B.C. began the Social War?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
What were the lists of Sulla’s enemies that he used to kill them off called?
Proscriptions
What uncle of Gaius Julius Caesar made the Lex Iulia?
Lucius Julius Caesar
What did Sulla do in retaliation of his command being transferred to Marius?
Marched on Rome
In what war did Jugurtha’s son, Oxyntas fight?
Social War
How was Lucius Julius Caesar related to Gaius Julius Caesar?
Uncle
The Treaty of Dardanus stated that Mithridates VI had to surrender how many warships?
80
The Treaty of Dardanus stated that Mithridates VI had to pay an indemnity of how many talents?
2000
What did the Treaty of Dardanus state?
Mithridates had to abandon Asian conquests, surrender 80 warships, pay indemnity of 2,000 talents
What Roman agent provoked a riot at Ausculum, causing the townspeople to kill all the Roman inhabitants?
Gaius Servilius Caepio
What praetor chastised the townsmen of Ausculum for wanting citizenship, prompting them to slaughter the Romans residing there which was the final straw for the Social War to begin?
Gaius Servilius Caepio
Where did Gaius Servilius Caepio provoke the townsmen to slaughter the Romans residing there to begin the Social War?
Ausculum
What were the four Italian tribes on the Adriatic Seaboard during the Social War?
Vestini, Picentes, Marrucini, Frentani
What were the two Italian tribes in the Central Apennines during the Social War?
Marsi and Paeligni
What three generals were all denied the leadership of the Roman army during the Social War?
Gaius Marius, Lucius Licinius Crassus, and Titus Didius
What city became the Italian ally’s capital after their secession from Rome?
Corfinium
Where did the Italians set up their capital after the fall of Corfinium?
Bovianum
What was the last capital of the Italians after Bovianum?
Aesernia
List in order the 3 capitals of the Italians during the Social War.
Corfinium, Bovianum, Aesernia
Who was the first dictator in over 100 years since Gaius Servilius in 202 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What was Mithridates VI’s ethnicity?
Half-Persian, Half-Greek
What foreign ruler was Half-Persian and Half-Greek?
Mithridates VI
Who was the last dictator before Sulla who served in 202 B.C.?
Gaius Servilius Geminus
Who was the wife of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger?
Servilia
Who was the mother of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger?
Cornelia
Who was killed by being stabbed in the groin with a shoemaker’s knife?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
How was Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger killed?
Stabbed in the groin with a shoemaker’s knife
What was Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger stabbed with in the groin?
Shoemaker’s knife
Who was the first wife of Sulla?
Julia
Who was the second wife of Sulla?
Aelia
Who was the third wife of Sulla?
Cloelia
Who was the fourth wife of Sulla?
Caecilia Metella Dalmatica
Who was the fifth and final wife of Sulla?
Valeria
Who was expelled from the senate when he was found to own more than ten pounds of silver plate?
Rufinus Sulla
What man possessed great personal charm and acquired a wealthy “Hetaera” (type of prostitute in ancient Greece) named Nicopolis?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What wealthy “Hetaera” (type of prostitute in ancient Greece) did Sulla acquire?
Nicopolis
What type of prostitute was Sulla’s wealthy mistress, Nicopolis?
Hetaera
Who did the wealthy “hetaera” (prostitute) Nicopolis leave her fortune to after her death?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who bequeathed Egypt to Rome in 88 B.C.?
Ptolemy X (Alexander I)
What year was Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger assassinated?
91 B.C.
Who was Marcius Philippus’ consular colleague in 91 B.C.?
Sextus Julius Caesar
Who were the consuls of the year 91 B.C.?
Marcius Philippus and Sextus Julius Caesar
What year were Marcius Philippus and Sextus Julius Caesar serving as consular colleagues?
91 B.C.
What were the dates of the Social War?
91-88 B.C.
What Athenian philosopher helped overthrow pro-Roman rule at the behest of Mithridates?
Athenion
What year did the last Flamen Dailis, Lucius Cornelius Merula, die, marking the end of the Flamen Dialis appointments until it was reinstituted by Augustus?
87 B.C.
Whose death marked the end of the Flamen Dialis representatives until Augustus reinstituted it?
Lucius Cornelius Merula
What year did Lucius Cornelius Merula die?
87 B.C.
What position was Lucius Cornelius Merula the last to hold until it was reinstituted by Augustus?
Flamen dialis
What were the other two names for the Social War?
Marsic and Italian War
Whose reforms would have given citizenship to the Italian allies?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger’s reforms would have given citizenship to whom?
Italian allies
Who had overall command of the Marsi during the Social War?
Quintus Poppaedius Silo
Who had overall command of the Samnites during the Social War?
Gaius Papius Mutilus
Who fought the Marsi under Quintus Poppaedius Silo during the Social War?
Rutilius Lupus
Who fought the Samnites under Gaius Papius Mutilus during the Social War?
Lucius Julius Caesar
Who was Pompey the Great’s father?
Pompeius Strabo
Where did the general Archelaus use a port city?
Athens
What general used a port city in Athens?
Archelaus
Who did Cicero serve under?
Pompeius Strabo
Where did the Italians first set up the Capital during the Social War?
Corfinium
Who was famous for taking the last rebel stronghold in the Social War, Ausculum?
Pompeius Strabo
What was the last rebel stronghold in the Social War?
Ausculum
What year was the Lex Iulia made?
90 B.C.
Who opposed the legislation passed by Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger and declared it unconstitutional?
Lucius Marcius Philippus
What two men were entrusted with the supreme control of the Roman army during the Social War?
Lucius Julius Caesar and Rutilius Lupus
What Roman commander offered Roman citizenship to all citizens or Italians who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War?
Lucius Julius Caesar
What year was Sulla praetor?
97 B.C.
What year was Sulla given proconsular command to place Ariobarzanes I on the throne of Cappadocia?
95 B.C.
In 95 B.C. Sulla was given proconsular command to place who on the throne of Cappadocia?
Ariobarzanes I
Who was given proconsular command to place Ariobarzanes I on the throne of Cappadocia in 95 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla was given proconsular command to place Ariobarzanes on the throne of what region in 95 B.C.?
Cappadocia
Who introduced a series of reforms in 91 B.C.?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
What year was the Lex Plautia Papiria established?
89 B.C.
What law offered Roman citizenship to all citizens or Italians who had not raised arms against Rome in the Italian War?
Lex Iulia
What Roman law made it so citizens of Italian communities that had previously rebelled could then gain Roman citizenship?
Lex Plautia Papiria
What Roman law extended citizenship to all free persons residing in Cisalpine Gaul south of the Po and Latin rights to all those living north of the river?
Lex Pompeia
What province did Sulla establish?
Cisalpine Gaul
What year was the Lex Pompeia established?
89 B.C.
What were the dates of the First Mithridatic War?
89-85 B.C.
Whose actions led to the First Mithridatic War?
Manius Aquilius
What king of Pontus had taken territory in the east and massacred 80,000 Italian residents there in 88 B.C.?
Mithridates VI
What is the massacre of 80,000 Italian residents by Mithridates VI in 88 B.C. referred to as?
Asiatic Vespers
What year were 80,000 Italian residents massacred by Mithridates VI, which was referred to as “Asiatic Vespers”?
88 B.C.
What two praetors of 88 B.C. tried to dissuade Sulla from marching into Rome but were sent back to the city with their robes of office ripped off and their official staves broken?
Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Servilius Caepio
What year did the praetors Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Servilius Caepio go to Sulla to try to dissuade Sulla from marching into Rome but failed miserably?
88 B.C.
Marcus Iunius Brutus and Servilius tried dissuading what man from marching on Rome in 88 B.C. but failed miserably?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Carbo said that what man was sometimes a lion, sometimes a fox, and that he feared the fox more?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What two animals was Sulla referred to as by Carbo, though he feared one of them more than the other?
Lion, Fox
Who were the twin children of Sulla?
Faustus and Fausta
What man had been victorious in the Second Servile War, had command in 89 B.C., but was eventually defeated and had molten gold poured down his throat?
Manius Aquilius
What year did Manius Aquilius gain command in the 1st Mithridatic War?
89 B.C.
How did Manius Aquilius die?
Molten gold poured down his throat
What year was Manius Aquilius executed by Mithridates VI with molten gold being poured down his throat?
88 B.C.
Who ordered molten gold be poured down Manius Aquilius’ throat?
Mithridates VI
What tribune of 88 B.C. transferred command from Sulla to Marius, causing Sulla’s first march on Rome?
Sulpicius Rufus
Sulla conducted his first march against Rome when what tribune of 88 B.C. transferred command from Sulla to Marius?
Sulpicius Rufus
In 88 B.C., Sulpicius Rufus transferred command from Sulla to what man?
Marius
What year was Sulpicius Rufus elected to be tribune?
88 B.C.
Who marched on Rome, preventing the legislation and regained his command after Sulpicius Rufus transferred it to Gaius Marius?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who held command for the majority of the First Mithridatic War?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year was the capture of Athens?
86 B.C.
Who was charged with misappropriating the booty of Ausculum?
Pompeius Strabo
What cousin of Pompeius Strabo was murdered in 88 B.C.?
Pompeius Rufus
What year was Pompeius Rufus murdered?
88 B.C.
Who were the consuls in 88 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix and Pompeius Rufus
What man accompanied Sulla in his march on Rome in 88 B.C., as he was Sulla’s co-consul in that year, and gave him his complete support in his actions against Sulpicius Rufus and the occupation of Rome?
Pompeius Rufus
What praetor urbanus of 89 B.C. was killed by a mob of angry creditors when he tried to revive a fourth century B.C. law prohibiting interest?
Sempronius Asellio
What year was Sempronius Asellio elected to be praetor urbanus?
89 B.C.
Sempronius Asellio was killed by a mob in 89 B.C. when he tried reviving a fourth century B.C. law which did what?
Prohibited interest
What praetor was lynched by debtors when he attempted to give them some relief by issuing an edict that prohibited interest in 89 B.C.?
Sempronius Asellio
At what battle of 89 B.C. was Lucius Porcius Cato killed while storming a Marsic camp?
Fucine Lake
Who was killed during the battle of Fucine Lake while storming a Marsic camp in 89 B.C.?
Lucius Porcius Cato
What year was Lucius Porcius Cato killed at the battle of Fucine Lake while storming a Marsic camp?
89 B.C.
What only surviving son of Sulla did Pompey betroth his daughter to?
Faustus Sulla
What board of four magistrates was for local self-government?
Quattuorviri
Who styled himself as a new Alexander the Great that wanted to overthrow Roman rule in the eastern Mediterranean, and seize Bithynia and Cappadocia?
Mithridates VI
Who did Cicero declare to be by far the best orator he had ever heard?
Sulpicius Rufus
Where did Sulla leave his army while he went to Rome?
Nola
Who left his army at Nola while he went to Rome?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Whose house did Sulla hide in after he set fire to homes of Roman citizens and riots came?
Marius
What general of Mithridates had made Aristion a tyrant of Athens?
Archelaus
Who did Archelaus make a tyrant of Athens?
Aristion
What year was the battle of Chaeronea?
86 B.C.
Who did Cinna send to replace Sulla in 86 B.C.?
Valerius Flaccus
Who murdered Valerius Flaccus in 84 B.C.?
Flavius Fimbria
Who was murdered by Flavius Fimbria in 84 B.C.?
Valerius Flaccus
What son of Mithridates VI did Flavius Fimbria defeat at Rhyndacus River in 85 B.C.?
Mithridates VI
Where did Flavius Fimbria defeat Mithridates VI in 85 B.C.?
Rhyndacus River
Who defeated Mithridates VI in 85 B.C. at Rhyndacus River?
Flavius Fimbria
At what battle of 85 B.C. did Flavius Fimbria almost capture Mithridates VI?
Rhyndacus River
At what battle did Sulla defeat Archelaus for the first time in 86 B.C.?
Chaeronea
Who did Sulla defeat for the first time at Chaeronea in 86 B.C.?
Archelaus
Who defeated Archelaus at Chaeronea in 86 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year was the battle of Orchomenus?
85 B.C.
At what battle did Sulla defeat Archelaus for the second time?
Orchomenus
Who did Sulla defeat once in 86 B.C. at Chaeronea and then again at Orchomenus in 85 B.C.?
Archelaus
What year was the treaty of Dardanus conducted?
85 B.C.
What treaty was formed in 85 B.C. and ended the First Mithridatic War?
Dardanus
What year did Sulla defeat and force the subsequent suicide of the legate Flavius Fimbria, who had taken command from Valerius Flaccus?
84 B.C.
Who defeated and forced the subsequent suicide of Flavius Fimbria in 84 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What tribune carried a bill for the trial of persons suspected of collusion with the Italians before a special court of equestrian jurors, though he later died in 90 B.C.?
Quintus Varius
What tribune accused Marcus Aemilius Scaurus of inciting the allies to revolt in 90 B.C.?
Quintus Varius
What Princeps Senatus was accused by Quintus Varius of inciting the allies to revolt in 90 B.C.?
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
What year did Quintus Varius die?
90 B.C.
Who was the first senator of Rome to come from Hispania?
Quintus Varius
What law of 90 B.C. was formed in order to punish all people who had “assisted” those who took up arms against the Roman people?
Lex Varia
What year was the Lex Varia formed?
90 B.C.
When Manius Aquilius reinstated two kings, it instructed what governor of Asia to put his troops at the disposal of Aquilius?
Lucius Cassius
What man won the Corona Graminea for his bravery in the Social War and fought against the Cimbri and Teutones before he famously twice marched on Rome and became dictator?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What award did Sulla earn for his bravery in the Social War?
Corona Graminea
Sulla earned the Corona Graminea for his bravery in what war?
Social War
What man killed Quintus Poppaedius Silo in 88 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Pius
What Marsic leader did Caecilius Metellus Pius slay, which greatly helped to end the Social War?
Quintus Poppaedius Silo
What tribune was escorted by a group known as the “anti-senators”?
Sulpicius Rufus
What group was Sulpicius Rufus escorted by?
Anti-senators
For what years did Cinna hold the consulship?
87-84 B.C.
Who held the consulships from 87-84 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna
Who was Cinna’s consular colleague who became sole consul of Rome for 84 B.C.?
Papirius Carbo
Who became sole consul of 84 B.C. for a short time?
Papirius Carbo
What year did Papirius Carbo become sole consul for a short time?
84 B.C.
Where did Sulla defeat Papirius Carbo twice, the second time being decisive, in 82 B.C.?
Clusium
What year did Sulla defeat Papirius Carbo twice at Clusium, the second time being decisive?
82 B.C.
Who defeated Papirius Carbo twice at Clusium in 82 B.C., the second time being decisive?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who was defeated twice at Clusium in 82 B.C. by Sulla, the second time being decisive?
Papirius Carbo
What general supposedly destroyed the Tomb of Lars Porsenna along with the city of Clusium in 89 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What city did Sulla supposedly destroy in 89 B.C., along with the Tomb of Lars Porsenna?
Clusium
What year did Sulla supposedly destroy the city of Clusium, along with the Tomb of Lars Porsenna?
89 B.C.
What great landmark was supposedly destroyed by Sulla in 89 B.C.?
Tomb of Lars Porsenna
What year did Papirius Carbo die?
81 B.C.
What agent of Mithridates led a revolt against the oligarchy in Athens and established himself as despot?
Aristion
Who, the admiral of Aristion, captured Piraeus and killed all Italians at Delos?
Archelaus
Where did Sulla serve as propreator from 96-92 B.C.?
Cilicia
From what years did Sulla serve as propraetor in Cilicia?
96-92 B.C.
Who served as propraetor in Cilicia from 96-92 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Which governor of Asia, the uncle of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger, attempted to stop the extortions of the publicani, and as a result, was wrongly convicted in the extortion court and sentenced into exile at Smyrna in 92 B.C.?
Rutilius Rufus
What year did Rutilius Rufus go into exile at Smyrna?
92 B.C.
Where did the governor of Asia, Rutilius Rufus go into exile in 92 B.C.?
Smyrna
Where did Rutilius Rufus serve as governor until he was exiled in 92 B.C.?
Asia
The governor of Asia, Rutilius Rufus was the uncle of what man?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
How the governor of Asia, Rutilius Rufus related to Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger?
Uncle
Where did the Social War begin?
Ausculum
Who was the first Roman general to capture Rome?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who showed that the army could control the senate?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who spread the Italians of the Social War throughout all 35 tribes of Rome?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna
Who was the first to negotiate with the Parthians?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla was the first man to negotiate with what people?
Parthians
What city fell to the Samnite army of Gaius Papius Mutillus in 90 B.C. during the Social War?
Nola
What year did Nola fall to Papius Mutilus during the Social War?
90 B.C.
What consul of 91 B.C. was the main driving force behind Drusus the Younger’s death and was also the main political opposition to Aemilius Lepidus in 78 B.C. when he exposed him?
Marcius Philippus
Lucius Marcius Philippus, a consul of 91 B.C., is thought to have hired the assassins who killed what nephew of his?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
What Samnite chieftain captured both Pompeii and Nola?
Gaius Papius Mutilus
What consul of 89 B.C. promoted the semi-Celtic population of Transpadene Gaul to the Latin status?
Pompeius Strabo
After Pompeius Strabo captured Corfinium in 89 B.C., what town did he next capture?
Ausculum
Who captured the confederate capital at Corfinium in 89 B.C.?
Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
Who took over for Lucius Julius Caesar in the south during the Social War?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla took over for what man in the south during the Social War?
Lucius Julius Caesar
Who succeeded Rutilius Lupus in the northern frontier during the Social War?
Lucius Porcius Cato
Who did Lucius Porcius Cato succeed in the northern frontier during the Social War?
Rutilius Lupus
What praetor urbanus was handed in the forum while performing religious duties in 89 B.C.?
Sempronius Asellio
What did Sempronius Asellio serve as in 89 B.C.?
Praetor Urbanus
What year was Sempronius Asellio serving as praetor urbanus?
89 B.C.
What consul and cousin of his did Pompeius Strabo order his troops to kill after his command in the Central Appennines had been given over?
Pompeius Rufus
How was Pompeius Strabo related to Pompeius Rufus?
Cousin
Who sieged Nola in 89 B.C., taking it back from Papius Mutilus and the Samnites?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year did Sulla siege Nola, taking it back from Papius Mutilus?
89 B.C.
Whose son was killed by the “anti-senators”?
Pompeius Rufus
What group killed the son of Pompeius Rufus?
Anti-senators
Mithridates VI took advantage of Rome’s involvement in the Cimbrian War by occupying what two countries?
Galatia and Cappadocia
What king of Bithynia complained to the Roman senate that he wanted Cappadocia back which led to them forcing Mithridates VI to return it?
Nicomedes III
Nicomedes III complained to the Roman Senate that he wanted what province back which led to them forcing Mithridates VI to return it?
Cappadocia
What Asian governor’s troops were sent with Manius Aquilius to take back Cappadocia from Mithridates in 90 B.C.?
Lucius Lucilius
During the Social War in either 91 or 90 B.C., Mithridates and Tigranes overran Cappadocia and expelled what Bithynian king?
Nicomedes III
What port city survived a vigorous siege from Mithridates in 88 B.C.?
Rhodes
After attacking Delos, what part of Athens did Archelaus take as his base?
Piraeus
What position did Flavius Fimbria hold under Valerius Flaccus?
Legatus
Where did Sulla catch up with Flavius Fimbria and kill him after the Treaty of Dardanus?
Thyatira
How many talents did a group of pirates steal from Sulla while he was at Samothrace?
1000
Who was at Samothrace when some pirates stole 1,000 talents from him?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Where was Sulla when Sulpicius Rufus transferred his command to Marius?
Nola
Who was the only officer to accompany Sulla in the civil war?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What award did Sulla win for his bravery in the Social War?
Corona Graminea
Who was awarded the Corona Graminea for his bravery in the Social War?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla was a prominent representative for what political group during the Social War?
Optimates
During what war was Sulla a prominent representative for the Optimates?
Social War
As Sulla besieged Athens in 86 B.C., whom did Sulla order to raise a fleet?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What year, as Sulla besieged Athens, did Sulla order Lucullus to raise a fleet?
86 B.C.
Pompey the Great was initially called “Magnus” by whom?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who was initially called “Magnus” by Sulla?
Pompey the Great
Whom did the populares send to replace Sulla against Mithridates?
Valerius Flaccus
The populares sent Valerius Flaccus to replace what man against Mithridates?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What king utilized the spacious mountains of Turkey to constantly harass the Romans?
Mithridates VI
What spacious mountains did Mithridates VI use to harass the Romans?
Mountains of Turkey
What was depicted on the coinage by the Italian allies during the Social War?
The Italian Bull goring the Roman wolf
Who was the tyrant of Athens when Sulla marched on the city in 86 B.C.?
Aristion
Who captured Athens from Aristion in 86 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
To what Armenian king did Mithridates VI marry his daughter?
Tigranes the Great (II)
Who married his daughter to Tigranes the Great (II)?
Mithridates VI
Who plundered Rome’s temples to fund armies to fight Sulla?
Papirius Carbo
Who made 300 Italians and Equites into senators and made the practice of having ex-quaestors join the senate?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla’s temple to what god at Praeneste was the first major use of concrete?
Fortuna Primigenia
The Italians’ first capital of Corfinium was the chief place of what tribe?
Paeligni
What city was symbolically renamed to “Italia” by the rebellious Italian allies during the Social War?
Corfinium
What was Corfinium renamed to when it became the Italian rebels’ capital during the Social War?
Italia
Along what river did Sulla make a treaty with the Parthians which was the first contact that they had had?
Euphrates
Where was Sulla when pirates stole 1,000 talents from him?
Samothrace
What were Sulla’s “Cornelii”?
His personal fighting corps that consisted of ex-slaves of slain opponents
What was the term for Sulla’s personal fighting corps that consisted of ex-slaves of slain opponents?
Cornelii
How many provinces were there at the time of Sulla?
10
What dictator’s program of legislation admitted Italians into the Senate?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who commanded the southern branch of the Italian forces during the Social War until he was defeated by Sulla?
Gaius Papius Mutilus
The observation that “more men worship the rising sun than the setting one” prompted Sulla to allow whom the celebration of a triumph?
Pompeius Magnus
The observation that “more men worship the rising sun than the setting one” prompted what man to allow Pompeius Magnus the celebration of a triumph?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What observation prompted Sulla to allow Pompeius Magnus the celebration of a triumph?
More men worship the rising sun than the setting one.
Caecilius Metellus Pius was forced to leave Africa after an unsuccessful action against what pro-Marian governor in 84 B.C.?
Gaius Fabius
Who was forced to leave Africa after an unsuccessful action against the pro-Marian governor, Gaius Fabius, in 84 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Pius
What year was Caecilius Metellus Pius forced to leave Africa after an unsuccessful action against the governor, Gaius Fabius?
84 B.C.
Gaius Julius Caesar’s priesthood as Flamen Dialis was annulled by what man?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year did Gaius Julius Caesar become a Flamen Dialis?
84 B.C.
How was Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger related to Cato the Younger?
Uncle
What famous politician was a nephew of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger?
Cato the Younger
Who were the consuls of 89 B.C.?
Pompeius Strabo and Lucius Porcius Cato
What enemy chieftain of the Social War actually started out for Rome with an armed force, though on second thoughts was induced to turn back?
Quintus Poppaedius Silo
On the coin of the Italian Confederacy, what word is spelled out in Oscan letters meaning “Italia” which is what they renamed Corfinium to?
Vitelliu
What does the Oscan word “Vitelliu” mean, which is what was on the coin of the Italian Confederacy?
Italia
Whose possible main objective in his bill was a measure to unseat all senators owning sums above the moderate amount of 2,000 denarii?
Sulpicius Rufus
Following the death of Sulpicius Rufus, Marius finally found a precarious refuge in what Roman province?
Africa
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (Social War, 1st Mithridatic War, Sulla)
Whose assassination in 91 B.C. began the Social War?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
What were the lists of Sulla’s enemies that he used to kill them off called?
Proscriptions
What uncle of Gaius Julius Caesar made the Lex Iulia?
Lucius Julius Caesar
What did Sulla do in retaliation of his command being transferred to Marius?
Marched on Rome
In what war did Jugurtha’s son, Oxyntas fight?
Social War
How was Lucius Julius Caesar related to Gaius Julius Caesar?
Uncle
The Treaty of Dardanus stated that Mithridates VI had to surrender how many warships?
80
The Treaty of Dardanus stated that Mithridates VI had to pay an indemnity of how many talents?
2000
What did the Treaty of Dardanus state?
Mithridates had to abandon Asian conquests, surrender 80 warships, pay indemnity of 2,000 talents
What Roman agent provoked a riot at Ausculum, causing the townspeople to kill all the Roman inhabitants?
Gaius Servilius Caepio
What praetor chastised the townsmen of Ausculum for wanting citizenship, prompting them to slaughter the Romans residing there which was the final straw for the Social War to begin?
Gaius Servilius Caepio
Where did Gaius Servilius Caepio provoke the townsmen to slaughter the Romans residing there to begin the Social War?
Ausculum
What were the four Italian tribes on the Adriatic Seaboard during the Social War?
Vestini, Picentes, Marrucini, Frentani
What were the two Italian tribes in the Central Apennines during the Social War?
Marsi and Paeligni
What three generals were all denied the leadership of the Roman army during the Social War?
Gaius Marius, Lucius Licinius Crassus, and Titus Didius
What city became the Italian ally’s capital after their secession from Rome?
Corfinium
Where did the Italians set up their capital after the fall of Corfinium?
Bovianum
What was the last capital of the Italians after Bovianum?
Aesernia
List in order the 3 capitals of the Italians during the Social War.
Corfinium, Bovianum, Aesernia
Who was the first dictator in over 100 years since Gaius Servilius in 202 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What was Mithridates VI’s ethnicity?
Half-Persian, Half-Greek
What foreign ruler was Half-Persian and Half-Greek?
Mithridates VI
Who was the last dictator before Sulla who served in 202 B.C.?
Gaius Servilius Geminus
Who was the wife of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger?
Servilia
Who was the mother of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger?
Cornelia
Who was killed by being stabbed in the groin with a shoemaker’s knife?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
How was Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger killed?
Stabbed in the groin with a shoemaker’s knife
What was Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger stabbed with in the groin?
Shoemaker’s knife
Who was the first wife of Sulla?
Julia
Who was the second wife of Sulla?
Aelia
Who was the third wife of Sulla?
Cloelia
Who was the fourth wife of Sulla?
Caecilia Metella Dalmatica
Who was the fifth and final wife of Sulla?
Valeria
Who was expelled from the senate when he was found to own more than ten pounds of silver plate?
Rufinus Sulla
What man possessed great personal charm and acquired a wealthy “Hetaera” (type of prostitute in ancient Greece) named Nicopolis?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What wealthy “Hetaera” (type of prostitute in ancient Greece) did Sulla acquire?
Nicopolis
What type of prostitute was Sulla’s wealthy mistress, Nicopolis?
Hetaera
Who did the wealthy “hetaera” (prostitute) Nicopolis leave her fortune to after her death?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who bequeathed Egypt to Rome in 88 B.C.?
Ptolemy X (Alexander I)
What year was Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger assassinated?
91 B.C.
Who was Marcius Philippus’ consular colleague in 91 B.C.?
Sextus Julius Caesar
Who were the consuls of the year 91 B.C.?
Marcius Philippus and Sextus Julius Caesar
What year were Marcius Philippus and Sextus Julius Caesar serving as consular colleagues?
91 B.C.
What were the dates of the Social War?
91-88 B.C.
What Athenian philosopher helped overthrow pro-Roman rule at the behest of Mithridates?
Athenion
What year did the last Flamen Dailis, Lucius Cornelius Merula, die, marking the end of the Flamen Dialis appointments until it was reinstituted by Augustus?
87 B.C.
Whose death marked the end of the Flamen Dialis representatives until Augustus reinstituted it?
Lucius Cornelius Merula
What year did Lucius Cornelius Merula die?
87 B.C.
What position was Lucius Cornelius Merula the last to hold until it was reinstituted by Augustus?
Flamen dialis
What were the other two names for the Social War?
Marsic and Italian War
Whose reforms would have given citizenship to the Italian allies?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger’s reforms would have given citizenship to whom?
Italian allies
Who had overall command of the Marsi during the Social War?
Quintus Poppaedius Silo
Who had overall command of the Samnites during the Social War?
Gaius Papius Mutilus
Who fought the Marsi under Quintus Poppaedius Silo during the Social War?
Rutilius Lupus
Who fought the Samnites under Gaius Papius Mutilus during the Social War?
Lucius Julius Caesar
Who was Pompey the Great’s father?
Pompeius Strabo
Where did the general Archelaus use a port city?
Athens
What general used a port city in Athens?
Archelaus
Who did Cicero serve under?
Pompeius Strabo
Where did the Italians first set up the Capital during the Social War?
Corfinium
Who was famous for taking the last rebel stronghold in the Social War, Ausculum?
Pompeius Strabo
What was the last rebel stronghold in the Social War?
Ausculum
What year was the Lex Iulia made?
90 B.C.
Who opposed the legislation passed by Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger and declared it unconstitutional?
Lucius Marcius Philippus
What two men were entrusted with the supreme control of the Roman army during the Social War?
Lucius Julius Caesar and Rutilius Lupus
What Roman commander offered Roman citizenship to all citizens or Italians who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War?
Lucius Julius Caesar
What year was Sulla praetor?
97 B.C.
What year was Sulla given proconsular command to place Ariobarzanes I on the throne of Cappadocia?
95 B.C.
In 95 B.C. Sulla was given proconsular command to place who on the throne of Cappadocia?
Ariobarzanes I
Who was given proconsular command to place Ariobarzanes I on the throne of Cappadocia in 95 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla was given proconsular command to place Ariobarzanes on the throne of what region in 95 B.C.?
Cappadocia
Who introduced a series of reforms in 91 B.C.?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
What year was the Lex Plautia Papiria established?
89 B.C.
What law offered Roman citizenship to all citizens or Italians who had not raised arms against Rome in the Italian War?
Lex Iulia
What Roman law made it so citizens of Italian communities that had previously rebelled could then gain Roman citizenship?
Lex Plautia Papiria
What Roman law extended citizenship to all free persons residing in Cisalpine Gaul south of the Po and Latin rights to all those living north of the river?
Lex Pompeia
What province did Sulla establish?
Cisalpine Gaul
What year was the Lex Pompeia established?
89 B.C.
What were the dates of the First Mithridatic War?
89-85 B.C.
Whose actions led to the First Mithridatic War?
Manius Aquilius
What king of Pontus had taken territory in the east and massacred 80,000 Italian residents there in 88 B.C.?
Mithridates VI
What is the massacre of 80,000 Italian residents by Mithridates VI in 88 B.C. referred to as?
Asiatic Vespers
What year were 80,000 Italian residents massacred by Mithridates VI, which was referred to as “Asiatic Vespers”?
88 B.C.
What two praetors of 88 B.C. tried to dissuade Sulla from marching into Rome but were sent back to the city with their robes of office ripped off and their official staves broken?
Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Servilius Caepio
What year did the praetors Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Servilius Caepio go to Sulla to try to dissuade Sulla from marching into Rome but failed miserably?
88 B.C.
Marcus Iunius Brutus and Servilius tried dissuading what man from marching on Rome in 88 B.C. but failed miserably?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Carbo said that what man was sometimes a lion, sometimes a fox, and that he feared the fox more?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What two animals was Sulla referred to as by Carbo, though he feared one of them more than the other?
Lion, Fox
Who were the twin children of Sulla?
Faustus and Fausta
What man had been victorious in the Second Servile War, had command in 89 B.C., but was eventually defeated and had molten gold poured down his throat?
Manius Aquilius
What year did Manius Aquilius gain command in the 1st Mithridatic War?
89 B.C.
How did Manius Aquilius die?
Molten gold poured down his throat
What year was Manius Aquilius executed by Mithridates VI with molten gold being poured down his throat?
88 B.C.
Who ordered molten gold be poured down Manius Aquilius’ throat?
Mithridates VI
What tribune of 88 B.C. transferred command from Sulla to Marius, causing Sulla’s first march on Rome?
Sulpicius Rufus
Sulla conducted his first march against Rome when what tribune of 88 B.C. transferred command from Sulla to Marius?
Sulpicius Rufus
In 88 B.C., Sulpicius Rufus transferred command from Sulla to what man?
Marius
What year was Sulpicius Rufus elected to be tribune?
88 B.C.
Who marched on Rome, preventing the legislation and regained his command after Sulpicius Rufus transferred it to Gaius Marius?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who held command for the majority of the First Mithridatic War?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year was the capture of Athens?
86 B.C.
Who was charged with misappropriating the booty of Ausculum?
Pompeius Strabo
What cousin of Pompeius Strabo was murdered in 88 B.C.?
Pompeius Rufus
What year was Pompeius Rufus murdered?
88 B.C.
Who were the consuls in 88 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix and Pompeius Rufus
What man accompanied Sulla in his march on Rome in 88 B.C., as he was Sulla’s co-consul in that year, and gave him his complete support in his actions against Sulpicius Rufus and the occupation of Rome?
Pompeius Rufus
What praetor urbanus of 89 B.C. was killed by a mob of angry creditors when he tried to revive a fourth century B.C. law prohibiting interest?
Sempronius Asellio
What year was Sempronius Asellio elected to be praetor urbanus?
89 B.C.
Sempronius Asellio was killed by a mob in 89 B.C. when he tried reviving a fourth century B.C. law which did what?
Prohibited interest
What praetor was lynched by debtors when he attempted to give them some relief by issuing an edict that prohibited interest in 89 B.C.?
Sempronius Asellio
At what battle of 89 B.C. was Lucius Porcius Cato killed while storming a Marsic camp?
Fucine Lake
Who was killed during the battle of Fucine Lake while storming a Marsic camp in 89 B.C.?
Lucius Porcius Cato
What year was Lucius Porcius Cato killed at the battle of Fucine Lake while storming a Marsic camp?
89 B.C.
What only surviving son of Sulla did Pompey betroth his daughter to?
Faustus Sulla
What board of four magistrates was for local self-government?
Quattuorviri
Who styled himself as a new Alexander the Great that wanted to overthrow Roman rule in the eastern Mediterranean, and seize Bithynia and Cappadocia?
Mithridates VI
Who did Cicero declare to be by far the best orator he had ever heard?
Sulpicius Rufus
Where did Sulla leave his army while he went to Rome?
Nola
Who left his army at Nola while he went to Rome?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Whose house did Sulla hide in after he set fire to homes of Roman citizens and riots came?
Marius
What general of Mithridates had made Aristion a tyrant of Athens?
Archelaus
Who did Archelaus make a tyrant of Athens?
Aristion
What year was the battle of Chaeronea?
86 B.C.
Who did Cinna send to replace Sulla in 86 B.C.?
Valerius Flaccus
Who murdered Valerius Flaccus in 84 B.C.?
Flavius Fimbria
Who was murdered by Flavius Fimbria in 84 B.C.?
Valerius Flaccus
What son of Mithridates VI did Flavius Fimbria defeat at Rhyndacus River in 85 B.C.?
Mithridates VI
Where did Flavius Fimbria defeat Mithridates VI in 85 B.C.?
Rhyndacus River
Who defeated Mithridates VI in 85 B.C. at Rhyndacus River?
Flavius Fimbria
At what battle of 85 B.C. did Flavius Fimbria almost capture Mithridates VI?
Rhyndacus River
At what battle did Sulla defeat Archelaus for the first time in 86 B.C.?
Chaeronea
Who did Sulla defeat for the first time at Chaeronea in 86 B.C.?
Archelaus
Who defeated Archelaus at Chaeronea in 86 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year was the battle of Orchomenus?
85 B.C.
At what battle did Sulla defeat Archelaus for the second time?
Orchomenus
Who did Sulla defeat once in 86 B.C. at Chaeronea and then again at Orchomenus in 85 B.C.?
Archelaus
What year was the treaty of Dardanus conducted?
85 B.C.
What treaty was formed in 85 B.C. and ended the First Mithridatic War?
Dardanus
What year did Sulla defeat and force the subsequent suicide of the legate Flavius Fimbria, who had taken command from Valerius Flaccus?
84 B.C.
Who defeated and forced the subsequent suicide of Flavius Fimbria in 84 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What tribune carried a bill for the trial of persons suspected of collusion with the Italians before a special court of equestrian jurors, though he later died in 90 B.C.?
Quintus Varius
What tribune accused Marcus Aemilius Scaurus of inciting the allies to revolt in 90 B.C.?
Quintus Varius
What Princeps Senatus was accused by Quintus Varius of inciting the allies to revolt in 90 B.C.?
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
What year did Quintus Varius die?
90 B.C.
Who was the first senator of Rome to come from Hispania?
Quintus Varius
What law of 90 B.C. was formed in order to punish all people who had “assisted” those who took up arms against the Roman people?
Lex Varia
What year was the Lex Varia formed?
90 B.C.
When Manius Aquilius reinstated two kings, it instructed what governor of Asia to put his troops at the disposal of Aquilius?
Lucius Cassius
What man won the Corona Graminea for his bravery in the Social War and fought against the Cimbri and Teutones before he famously twice marched on Rome and became dictator?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What award did Sulla earn for his bravery in the Social War?
Corona Graminea
Sulla earned the Corona Graminea for his bravery in what war?
Social War
What man killed Quintus Poppaedius Silo in 88 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Pius
What Marsic leader did Caecilius Metellus Pius slay, which greatly helped to end the Social War?
Quintus Poppaedius Silo
What tribune was escorted by a group known as the “anti-senators”?
Sulpicius Rufus
What group was Sulpicius Rufus escorted by?
Anti-senators
For what years did Cinna hold the consulship?
87-84 B.C.
Who held the consulships from 87-84 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna
Who was Cinna’s consular colleague who became sole consul of Rome for 84 B.C.?
Papirius Carbo
Who became sole consul of 84 B.C. for a short time?
Papirius Carbo
What year did Papirius Carbo become sole consul for a short time?
84 B.C.
Where did Sulla defeat Papirius Carbo twice, the second time being decisive, in 82 B.C.?
Clusium
What year did Sulla defeat Papirius Carbo twice at Clusium, the second time being decisive?
82 B.C.
Who defeated Papirius Carbo twice at Clusium in 82 B.C., the second time being decisive?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who was defeated twice at Clusium in 82 B.C. by Sulla, the second time being decisive?
Papirius Carbo
What general supposedly destroyed the Tomb of Lars Porsenna along with the city of Clusium in 89 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What city did Sulla supposedly destroy in 89 B.C., along with the Tomb of Lars Porsenna?
Clusium
What year did Sulla supposedly destroy the city of Clusium, along with the Tomb of Lars Porsenna?
89 B.C.
What great landmark was supposedly destroyed by Sulla in 89 B.C.?
Tomb of Lars Porsenna
What year did Papirius Carbo die?
81 B.C.
What agent of Mithridates led a revolt against the oligarchy in Athens and established himself as despot?
Aristion
Who, the admiral of Aristion, captured Piraeus and killed all Italians at Delos?
Archelaus
Where did Sulla serve as propreator from 96-92 B.C.?
Cilicia
From what years did Sulla serve as propraetor in Cilicia?
96-92 B.C.
Who served as propraetor in Cilicia from 96-92 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Which governor of Asia, the uncle of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger, attempted to stop the extortions of the publicani, and as a result, was wrongly convicted in the extortion court and sentenced into exile at Smyrna in 92 B.C.?
Rutilius Rufus
What year did Rutilius Rufus go into exile at Smyrna?
92 B.C.
Where did the governor of Asia, Rutilius Rufus go into exile in 92 B.C.?
Smyrna
Where did Rutilius Rufus serve as governor until he was exiled in 92 B.C.?
Asia
The governor of Asia, Rutilius Rufus was the uncle of what man?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
How the governor of Asia, Rutilius Rufus related to Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger?
Uncle
Where did the Social War begin?
Ausculum
Who was the first Roman general to capture Rome?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who showed that the army could control the senate?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who spread the Italians of the Social War throughout all 35 tribes of Rome?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna
Who was the first to negotiate with the Parthians?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla was the first man to negotiate with what people?
Parthians
What city fell to the Samnite army of Gaius Papius Mutillus in 90 B.C. during the Social War?
Nola
What year did Nola fall to Papius Mutilus during the Social War?
90 B.C.
What consul of 91 B.C. was the main driving force behind Drusus the Younger’s death and was also the main political opposition to Aemilius Lepidus in 78 B.C. when he exposed him?
Marcius Philippus
Lucius Marcius Philippus, a consul of 91 B.C., is thought to have hired the assassins who killed what nephew of his?
Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger
What Samnite chieftain captured both Pompeii and Nola?
Gaius Papius Mutilus
What consul of 89 B.C. promoted the semi-Celtic population of Transpadene Gaul to the Latin status?
Pompeius Strabo
After Pompeius Strabo captured Corfinium in 89 B.C., what town did he next capture?
Ausculum
Who captured the confederate capital at Corfinium in 89 B.C.?
Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
Who took over for Lucius Julius Caesar in the south during the Social War?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla took over for what man in the south during the Social War?
Lucius Julius Caesar
Who succeeded Rutilius Lupus in the northern frontier during the Social War?
Lucius Porcius Cato
Who did Lucius Porcius Cato succeed in the northern frontier during the Social War?
Rutilius Lupus
What praetor urbanus was handed in the forum while performing religious duties in 89 B.C.?
Sempronius Asellio
What did Sempronius Asellio serve as in 89 B.C.?
Praetor Urbanus
What year was Sempronius Asellio serving as praetor urbanus?
89 B.C.
What consul and cousin of his did Pompeius Strabo order his troops to kill after his command in the Central Appennines had been given over?
Pompeius Rufus
How was Pompeius Strabo related to Pompeius Rufus?
Cousin
Who sieged Nola in 89 B.C., taking it back from Papius Mutilus and the Samnites?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year did Sulla siege Nola, taking it back from Papius Mutilus?
89 B.C.
Whose son was killed by the “anti-senators”?
Pompeius Rufus
What group killed the son of Pompeius Rufus?
Anti-senators
Mithridates VI took advantage of Rome’s involvement in the Cimbrian War by occupying what two countries?
Galatia and Cappadocia
What king of Bithynia complained to the Roman senate that he wanted Cappadocia back which led to them forcing Mithridates VI to return it?
Nicomedes III
Nicomedes III complained to the Roman Senate that he wanted what province back which led to them forcing Mithridates VI to return it?
Cappadocia
What Asian governor’s troops were sent with Manius Aquilius to take back Cappadocia from Mithridates in 90 B.C.?
Lucius Lucilius
During the Social War in either 91 or 90 B.C., Mithridates and Tigranes overran Cappadocia and expelled what Bithynian king?
Nicomedes III
What port city survived a vigorous siege from Mithridates in 88 B.C.?
Rhodes
After attacking Delos, what part of Athens did Archelaus take as his base?
Piraeus
What position did Flavius Fimbria hold under Valerius Flaccus?
Legatus
Where did Sulla catch up with Flavius Fimbria and kill him after the Treaty of Dardanus?
Thyatira
How many talents did a group of pirates steal from Sulla while he was at Samothrace?
1000
Who was at Samothrace when some pirates stole 1,000 talents from him?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Where was Sulla when Sulpicius Rufus transferred his command to Marius?
Nola
Who was the only officer to accompany Sulla in the civil war?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What award did Sulla win for his bravery in the Social War?
Corona Graminea
Who was awarded the Corona Graminea for his bravery in the Social War?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla was a prominent representative for what political group during the Social War?
Optimates
During what war was Sulla a prominent representative for the Optimates?
Social War
As Sulla besieged Athens in 86 B.C., whom did Sulla order to raise a fleet?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What year, as Sulla besieged Athens, did Sulla order Lucullus to raise a fleet?
86 B.C.
Pompey the Great was initially called “Magnus” by whom?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who was initially called “Magnus” by Sulla?
Pompey the Great
Whom did the populares send to replace Sulla against Mithridates?
Valerius Flaccus
The populares sent Valerius Flaccus to replace what man against Mithridates?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What king utilized the spacious mountains of Turkey to constantly harass the Romans?
Mithridates VI
What spacious mountains did Mithridates VI use to harass the Romans?
Mountains of Turkey
What was depicted on the coinage by the Italian allies during the Social War?
The Italian Bull goring the Roman wolf
Who was the tyrant of Athens when Sulla marched on the city in 86 B.C.?
Aristion
Who captured Athens from Aristion in 86 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
To what Armenian king did Mithridates VI marry his daughter?
Tigranes the Great (II)
Who married his daughter to Tigranes the Great (II)?
Mithridates VI
Who plundered Rome’s temples to fund armies to fight Sulla?
Papirius Carbo
Who made 300 Italians and Equites into senators and made the practice of having ex-quaestors join the senate?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla’s temple to what god at Praeneste was the first major use of concrete?
Fortuna Primigenia
The Italians’ first capital of Corfinium was the chief place of what tribe?
Paeligni
What city was symbolically renamed to “Italia” by the rebellious Italian allies during the Social War?
Corfinium
What was Corfinium renamed to when it became the Italian rebels’ capital during the Social War?
Italia
Along what river did Sulla make a treaty with the Parthians which was the first contact that they had had?
Euphrates
Where was Sulla when pirates stole 1,000 talents from him?
Samothrace
What were Sulla’s “Cornelii”?
His personal fighting corps that consisted of ex-slaves of slain opponents
What was the term for Sulla’s personal fighting corps that consisted of ex-slaves of slain opponents?
Cornelii
How many provinces were there at the time of Sulla?
10
What dictator’s program of legislation admitted Italians into the Senate?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who commanded the southern branch of the Italian forces during the Social War until he was defeated by Sulla?
Gaius Papius Mutilus
The observation that “more men worship the rising sun than the setting one” prompted Sulla to allow whom the celebration of a triumph?
Pompeius Magnus
The observation that “more men worship the rising sun than the setting one” prompted what man to allow Pompeius Magnus the celebration of a triumph?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What observation prompted Sulla to allow Pompeius Magnus the celebration of a triumph?
More men worship the rising sun than the setting one.
Caecilius Metellus Pius was forced to leave Africa after an unsuccessful action against what pro-Marian governor in 84 B.C.?
Gaius Fabius
Who was forced to leave Africa after an unsuccessful action against the pro-Marian governor, Gaius Fabius, in 84 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Pius
What year was Caecilius Metellus Pius forced to leave Africa after an unsuccessful action against the governor, Gaius Fabius?
84 B.C.
Gaius Julius Caesar’s priesthood as Flamen Dialis was annulled by what man?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year did Gaius Julius Caesar become a Flamen Dialis?
84 B.C.
How was Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger related to Cato the Younger?
Uncle
What famous politician was a nephew of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger?
Cato the Younger
Who were the consuls of 89 B.C.?
Pompeius Strabo and Lucius Porcius Cato
What enemy chieftain of the Social War actually started out for Rome with an armed force, though on second thoughts was induced to turn back?
Quintus Poppaedius Silo
On the coin of the Italian Confederacy, what word is spelled out in Oscan letters meaning “Italia” which is what they renamed Corfinium to?
Vitelliu
What does the Oscan word “Vitelliu” mean, which is what was on the coin of the Italian Confederacy?
Italia
Whose possible main objective in his bill was a measure to unseat all senators owning sums above the moderate amount of 2,000 denarii?
Sulpicius Rufus
Following the death of Sulpicius Rufus, Marius finally found a precarious refuge in what Roman province?
Africa
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (Lepidus, Sertorius, 3rd Servile War)
What were the dates of the Second Mithridatic War?
83-81 B.C.
Who was the main commander for the Romans during the Second Mithridatic War?
Lucius Licinius Murena
What was left to Lucius Licinius Murena by Flavius Fimbria during the second Mithridatic war?
Legions in Asia
Who, by 78 B.C. held much of the country and had his troops treating him as a demi-god?
Quintus Sertorius
What man of Gadara popularized Epicureanism among the Romans when he came to Italy after the 1st Mithridatic War?
Philodemus
In what city was Quintus Sertorius born in 126 B.C.?
Nersia
What year was Quintus Sertorius born in Nersia?
126 B.C.
Leading up to Sulla’s second march, what political parties was Rome divided into?
Populares and Optimates
What avid ally of Marius ruled Rome from around 87-82 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna
Who drove Lucius Cornelius Cinna from Rome and declared him a public enemy?
Gnaeus Octavius
Who stormed Ostia and starved Rome into surrender?
Gaius Marius
Who were the consuls of 87 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna and Gnaeus Octavius
Who did Pompey’s third wife, Mucia Tertia, marry after she was divorced by Pompey?
Aemilius Scaurus
Who was the fourth wife of Pompey the Great?
Julia Caesaris
Who was the fifth wife of Pompey the Great?
Cornelia Metella
Who were the consuls of 86 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna and Gaius Marius
When Marius died in 86 B.C. who replaced him as consul?
Valerius Flaccus
What year did Gaius Marius die?
86 B.C.
Whose ashes were thrown into the Anio River by Sulla after his death?
Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius’ ashes were thrown into what river by Sulla after his death in 86 B.C.?
Anio River
Who threw Marius’ ashes into the Anio River after he died in 86 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Whose ashes did Sulla throw into the Anio River after he died in 86 B.C.?
Gaius Marius
What treaty ended the 1st Mithridatic War in 85 B.C.?
Dardanus
Who raised three legions by himself at Picenum for Sulla after Lucius Cornelius Cinna refused to grant him recognition?
Pompeius Magnus
How many legions did Pompey raise for Sulla at Picenum?
3
In what Italian region did Pompeius Magnus raise three legions by himself for Sulla after Lucius Cornelius Cinna refused to grant him recognition?
Picenum
In what Italian region was Pompeius Magnus born?
Picenum
What year did Pompey gain the title “Adulescentulus Carnifex”?
81 B.C.
Pompey gained the title “Adulescentulus Carnifex” for tracking down and killing whom?
Papirius Carbo
What year did Sulla take on the cognomen “Felix”?
82 B.C.
How many lictors accompanied Sulla?
24
Who was named “Adulescentulus Carnifex” for his zealous persecution of Sulla’s enemies?
Pompeius Magnus
Who earned the nickname “Adulescentulus Carnifex” or “butcher boy” for his zealous persecution of Sulla’s enemies?
Pompeius Magnus
What title meaning “butcher boy” did Pompey the Great earn for himself for his zealous persecution of Sulla’s enemies?
Adulescentulus Carnifex
What did Pompey’s title “Adulescentulus Carnifex” mean?
Butcher boy
Pompey the Great earned himself the title “Adulescentulus Carnifex” or “Butcher boy” for his zealous persecution of whose enemies?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
At what temple in 82 B.C. did Sulla begin his reign of terror by torturing 6,000 Samnite prisoners?
Temple of Bellona
In 82 B.C., Sulla began his reign of terror by torturing 6,000 prisoners of what origin?
Samnite
What year did Sulla torture 6,000 Samnite prisoners at the Temple of Bellona?
82 B.C.
How many Samnite prisoners did Sulla torture at the Temple of Bellona in 82 B.C.?
6000
What law appointed Sulla dictator for an unspecified period of time in order to draft laws and “reconstitute the state” in 82 B.C.?
Lex Valeria
What law of 180 B.C. did Sulla reenact which regulated curule offices?
Lex Villia Annalis
Who reenacted the Lex Villia Annalis in 180 B.C. which regulated curule offices?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year did Sulla invade Greece?
87 B.C.
What province did Sulla invade in 87 B.C.?
Greece
Who invaded Greece in 87 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who were the consuls in 85 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna and Papirius Carbo
Who were the consuls in 84 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna and Papirius Carbo
What two men served as consular colleagues from 85-84 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna and Papirius Carbo
Who plundered Rome’s temples to fund armies to fight Sulla?
Papirius Carbo
Papirius Carbo plundered Rome’s temples to fund armies to fight whom?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who were the consuls in 83 B.C.?
Gaius Norbanus and Lucius Scipio
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus fell out of favor with Sulla when he shamelessly plundered what province which he was governing in 83 B.C.?
Sicily
Where did Cinna die in 84 B.C.?
Ancona
What year did Cinna die at Ancona?
84 B.C.
Who were the consuls in 82 B.C.?
Papirius Carbo and Marius the Younger
At what battle of 83 B.C. did Sulla defeat Gaius Norbanus?
Mt. Tifata
What year was the battle of Mt. Tifata?
83 B.C.
Who was defeated by Sulla at the battle of Mt. Tifata in 83 B.C.?
Gaius Norbanus
Who defeated Gaius Norbanus at the battle of Mt. Tifata in 83 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year did Sulla land at Brundisium during his second march?
83 B.C.
Where did Sulla land when beginning his second march in 83 B.C.?
Brundisium
What year did Sulla begin his 2nd march?
83 B.C.
Who supported Sulla in 83 B.C. but lost Sulla’s favor when he shamelessly plundered Sicily as its governor?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
What year did Marcus Aemilius Lepidus plunder Sicily as its governor?
83 B.C.
What province did Marcus Aemilius Lepidus plunder as its governor in 83 B.C.?
Sicily
What year was the battle of Sacriportus?
82 B.C.
At what battle of 82 B.C. were the Optimates, led by Sulla, pitted against the Populares, led by Marius the Younger, which displayed a decisive victory for the Optimates?
Sacriportus
Who led the Optimates against Marius the Younger at the battle of Sacriportus in 82 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who led the Populares against Sulla at the battle of Sacriportus in 82 B.C.?
Marius the Younger
After the battle of Sacriportus in 82 B.C., where was Marius the Younger besieged while Sulla was occupying Rome?
Praeneste
Who was Gaius Marius’ son?
Marius the Younger
Who was the father of Marius the Younger?
Gaius Marius
What former consul was defeated during an attack on the camp of Caecilius Metellus Pius in 82 B.C.?
Papirius Carbo
What year was the battle of Colline Gate?
82 B.C.
What battle solidified Sulla’s control of Rome in 82 B.C.?
Colline Gate
What Samnite chieftain and ally of Marius the Younger was defeated by Sulla at the Battle of the Colline Gate in 82 BC?
Pontius Telesinus
At what battle of 82 B.C. was Pontius Telesinus defeated by Sulla?
Colline Gate
Who defeated Pontius Telesinus at Colline Gate in 82 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who commanded the right wing at the battle of Colline Gate?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Marcus Licinius Crassus was charged with romantic intimacy with what Vestal Virgin?
Licinia
Who was charged with romantic intimacy with the Vestal Virgin, Licinia?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
What proconsul of Hispania held out against Sulla’s forces until 72 B.C. when he was assassinated?
Quintus Sertorius
What year was Quintus Sertorius assassinated by Marcus Perperna Veiento?
72 B.C.
What ally of Sertorius did Caecilius Metellus Pius defeat at Segovia in 75 B.C.?
Lucius Hirtuleius
Who defeated Lucius Hirtuleius at Segovia in 75 B.C.?
Caecilius Metellus Pius
Where did Caecilius Metellus Pius defeat Lucius Hirtuleius in 75 B.C.?
Segovia
What year did Caecilius Metellus Pius defeat Lucius Hirtuleius at Segovia?
75 B.C.
Who did Sertorius defeat at the Lauro and Sucro rivers in 76 and 75 B.C., respectively?
Pompeius Magnus
Who was defeated at the Lauro and Sucro rivers by Sertorius in 76 and 75 B.C., respectively?
Pompeius Magnus
Who defeated Pompey at the Lauro and Sucro rivers in 76 and 75 B.C., respecticely?
Quintus Sertorius
What year was the battle of Lauro River?
76 B.C.
What year was the battle of Sucro River?
75 B.C.
Who assassinated Sertorius in 72 B.C.?
Marcus Perperna Veiento
What man did Marcus Perperna Veiento assassinate in 72 B.C.?
Quintus Sertorius
What was Lucius Cornelius Sulla’s nickname which meant “lucky”?
Felix
What did Sulla’s nickname “Felix” mean?
Lucky
What years was Sulla dictator?
81-79 B.C.
What title did Sulla receive in 82 B.C.?
Dictator Rei Publicae Constituendae
What year did Sulla receive the title “Dictator Rei Publicae Constituendae”?
82 B.C.
When Sulla was appointed to the office of dictator he raised the number of the senate to about how many members?
450
What office’s political power did Sulla limit?
Tribune
What number did Sulla increase the praetors to?
8
What number did Sulla increase the quaestors to?
20
What number did Sulla increase the pontifices and augurs to?
15
Who revived a rule calling for a ten-year interval between consulships?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Sulla revived a rule calling for an interval between consulships of how long?
Ten years
What dictator made the Cursus Honorum a slower process?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year did Sulla die?
78 B.C.
Where did Sulla die after a severe hemorrhage in 78 B.C.?
Puteoli
What did Sulla die of at Puteoli in 78 B.C.?
Hemorrhage
Who died of a hemorrhage at Puteoli in 78 B.C.?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who, when consul, opposed a state funeral for Sulla and supported resuming the grain dole, etc.?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
To get rid of him, where did Marcus Aemilius Lepidus’ opponents send him to suppress a rebellion?
Florence
Who defeated Marcus Aemilius Lepidus while he was trying to develop closer ties with Quintus Sertorius in Spain?
Pompeius Magnus
What year was the Revolt of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus?
77 B.C.
Who assassinated Marcus Perperna Veiento?
Pompeius Magnus
What year was Marcus Aemilius Lepidus elected consul with the support of Pompey?
78 B.C.
At what battle of 78 B.C. did Lutatius Catulus defeat his consular colleague, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus?
Milvian Bridge
Who defeated his consular colleague Marcus Aemilius Lepidus at Milvian Bridge in 78 B.C.?
Lutatius Catulus
What year was the battle of Milvian Bridge?
78 B.C.
What consul was defeated by his consular-colleague Lutatius Catulus at the battle of Milvian Bridge in 78 B.C.?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Who became a champion of the Populares and tried to give the land back to the Italians which had been taken by Sulla, and tried to repeal a lot of his legislation?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus became a champion of what class of people?
Populares
After being put at odds with his fellow consul, who was sent to administer Transalpine Gaul?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Who, using native Spanish troops, consistently defeated provincial governors sent against him?
Quintus Sertorius
Who claimed that a white fawn, a gift of Diana, gave him advice and followed him?
Quintus Sertorius
Quintus Sertorius claimed that what type of creature was a gift of Diana after it gave him advice and followed him?
White fawn
Who trained the Spaniards to fight in Roman style, but did not destroy their aptitude for guerilla warfare?
Quintus Sertorius
In 79 B.C., who received the command against Quintus Sertorius?
Caecilius Metellus Pius
Quintus Sertorius defeated Pompey twice. At one of these battles, what man saved Pompey from being killed?
Caecilius Metellus Pius
Where in 75 B.C. did Caecilius Metellus Pius kill Lucius Hirtuleius?
Segovia
Pompey was seen by public opinion as the victor over Sertorius, though who had been the more skillful tactician?
Caecilius Metellus Pius
Who returned from Transalpine Gaul with an army but was defeated by Catulus at the Milvian Bridge?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Who did Pompey defeat at Mutina in 77 B.C.?
Iunius Brutus the Elder
What year did Pompey defeat Iunius Brutus the Elder at Mutina?
77 B.C.
Where did Pompey defeat Iunius Brutus the Elder in 77 B.C.?
Mutina
What were the dates Pompey fought against Quintus Sertorius?
76-72 B.C.
When Cinna refused to grant his recognition, Pompey raised his own private army and joined who?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Who killed Papirius Carbo in 82 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What year did Pompey kill Papirius Carbo?
82 B.C.
Who was given Proconsular Imperium Infinitum to deal with the pirates in 74 B.C.?
Marcus Antonius Creticus
What year was Marcus Antonius Creticus given Proconsular Imperium Infinitum to deal with the pirates?
74 B.C.
What power was Marcus Antonius Creticus given to use to deal with the pirates?
Proconsular Imperium Infinitum
What were the dates of the Third Servile War?
73-71 B.C.
Whose gladiator school did Spartacus escape from in Capua?
Lentulus Batiatus
Where was Lentulus Batiatus’ gladiator school located?
Capua
What slave led a rebellion after escaping from Lentulus Batiatus’ gladiator school on Capua?
Spartacus
Of what origin was Spartacus?
Thracian
Where did Spartacus start his Revolt in 73 B.C.?
Capua
What fellow slave aided Spartacus with his revolt?
Crixus
Who subdued a revolt in Apulia during the Third Servile War?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
In what region did Marcus Licinius Crassus subdue the revolt of Spartacus?
Apulia
Who claimed that he ended the Third Servile war and then received most of the credit?
Pompeius Magnus
How many slaves were crucified along the Appian Way in 71 B.C.?
6000
What year were 6,000 slaves crucified along the Via Appia?
71 B.C.
Along what road were 6,000 slaves crucified in 71 B.C.?
Via Appia
Who led the slaves during the Third Servile War?
Spartacus
Who was appointed by the senate to defeat Spartacus?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
To where did Marcus Licinius Crassus pursue Spartacus?
Bruttium
Who was Marcus Licinius Crassus’ only wife?
Tertulla
Where did Pompey encounter 6,000 slaves, whom he later crucified along the via Appia?
Etruria
Once commissioned, what deputy of Sulla succeeded in expelling Quintus Sertorius in 81 B.C.?
Gaius Annius
What year did Gaius Annius succeed in expelling Quintus Sertorius?
81 B.C.
Who, from 74-71 B.C., was charged with repaving the Via Domitia?
Gaius Annius
What son-in-law of Cinna raised a considerable force and received substantial support from a Numidian chieftain named Iarbas, who had supplanted Gauda’s son Hiempsal II?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
What Numidian chieftain supplanted Gauda’s son, Hiempsal II?
Iarbas
What son of Gauda did Iarbas supplant?
Hiempsal II
How was Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus related to Cinna?
Son-in-law
What Numidian chieftain supported Cinna’s son-in-law, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, and had supplanted Gauda’s son Hiempsal II?
Iarbas
What son of Gauda was deposed by Cinna’s son-in-law, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus?
Hiempsal II
Hiempsal II was deposed by what son-in-law of Cinna?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
After collecting an army in Africa, where was Cinna’s son-in-law, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, defeated by Pompey in 81 B.C.?
Utica
What year was Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus defeated by Pompey at Utica?
81 B.C.
Who defeated Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus at Utica in 81 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
How was Hiempsal II related to Gauda?
Son
Who did Sulla put to death in 82 B.C. because he ran for the consulship against his orders?
Lucretius Ofella
What year did Lucretius Ofella run for the consulship against Sulla’s orders? (Sulla, soon after, put him to death)
82 B.C.
Lucretius Ofella was put to death in 82 B.C. because he ran for the consulship against whose orders?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Along with having the support of the Pharisees, what Nabataean Arab supported John Hyrcanus?
Aretas III
Of what ancient Arab people was Aretas III apart of?
Nabataeans
Who took refuge with Aretas III who had been bribed by Antipater into supporting this man’s cause through the promise of returning Arabian towns taken by the Hasmoneans?
John Hyrcanus
With what king of the Nabataeans did John Hyrcanus take refuge?
Aretas III
What two consuls of 73 B.C. were forced to carry a law to safeguard the corn-supply of Rome by a preemption on the annual surplus of Sicily, and to distribute grain at reduced rates to some 40,000 recipients?
Terentius Varro and Cassius Longinus
What year were the two consuls Terentius Varro and Cassius Longinus forced to carry a law to safeguard the corn-supply of Rome by preemption on the annual surplus of Sicily, and to distribute grain at reduced rates to some 40,000 recipients?
73 B.C.
In 73 B.C. Pompey opened negotiations with what tribune with a view to rescinding certain inconvenient articles of Sulla’s constitution?
Licinius Macer
What year did Pompey open negotiations with Licinius Macer with a view to rescinding certain inconvenient articles of Sulla’s consitution?
73 B.C.
What man opened negotiations with Licinius Macer in 73 B.C. with a view to rescinding certain inconvenient articles of Sulla’s constitution?
Pompeius Magnus
In 70 B.C. what two men, the first censors since 86 B.C. expelled 64 senate members who were mostly Sulla’s appointees?
Lucius Gellius and Cornelius Lentulus
What year did Lucius Gellius and Cornelius Lentulus expel 64 senate members, who were mostly Sulla’s appointees?
70 B.C.
Lucius Gellius and Cornelius Lentulus’ censorships in 70 B.C. were the first censorships since what year?
86 B.C.
How many senators were expelled by the two censors of the year 70 B.C.?
64
What former officer under Sertorius united the Greek cities of Asia and defeated a Pontic Squadron around 73 B.C.?
Marcus Marius
What year did the former officer of Sertorius, Marcus Marius, defeat a Pontic Squadron?
73 B.C.
To what Armenian king did Sulla marry his daughter?
Tigranes II
Whose daughter married Tigranes II?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
After Sulla left Rome, who recalled Marius from fighting Mithridates?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna
Who died by drinking himself to death while killing every follower of Sulla that he could find?
Gaius Marius
How did Marius die?
Drank himself to death
What slave port was one of the main locations of Mithridates slaughter of 80,000 Romans in 88 B.C.?
Delos
Who saved the Battle of Colline Gate for Sulla by defeating the Samnite supporters of Marius?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Who did Pompey put on the throne of Numidia?
Hiempsal II
Who was the son of Gauda?
Hiempsal II
Who was the father of Gauda?
Mastanbul
Who was the father of Mestanbul?
Masinissa
Who was the father of Hiempsal II?
Gauda
From where did Marcus Aemilius Lepidus first move on Rome with his troops in early 77 B.C.?
Arno Valley
Where did Sertorius found a high school in 76 B.C. at the foot of the Pyrenes where sons of Spanish chieftains whom he kept as hostages were given training in Latin letters?
Osca
Where did Sertorius found a high school in 76 B.C.?
Osca
Who founded a high school at Osca in 76 B.C.?
Quintus Sertorius
What year did Quintus Sertorius found a high school at Osca?
76 B.C.
Who was called Felix (Lucky) and the Fox?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What was Sulla’s epitaph?
No man was a better friend nor a worse enemy
Who recruited 100,000 unwilling and untrained men in Italy while he awaiting Sulla’s return?
Papirius Carbo
Who was the father of Caecilius Metellus Pius?
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
What road did Sulla go along to fight Marius the Younger at Praeneste?
Via Latina
What Italian town held out the longest against Sulla and wasn’t starved out till 79 B.C.?
Volaterrae
Who put Papirius Carbo to death in Sicily in 82 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What year was Papirius Carbo put to death by Pompey the Great?
82 B.C.
What was Mithridates VI’s title?
Eupator
What year was the Lex Valeria, which made Sulla dictator, passed?
82 B.C.
How old was Sulla when he died in 78 B.C. due to a severe hemorrhage?
60
Where did Sulla retire to in 80 B.C.?
Puteoli
What year did Sulla retire to Puteoli?
80 B.C.
Who captured Praeneste for Sulla in 82 B.C.?
Lucretius Ofella
What city did Lucretius Ofella capture for Sulla?
Praeneste
What year did Lucretius Ofella capture Praeneste for Sulla?
82 B.C.
What law of 81 B.C. appointed Sulla dictator?
Lex Valeria
Who was appointed dictator by the Lex Valeria?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year was the Lex Valeria passed, appointing Sulla dictator?
81 B.C.
What position did Sulla appoint Valerius Flaccus to in order to become dictator himself?
Interrex
Who, along with Crixus, aided Spartacus at the start the Third Servile War?
Oenomaus
What 4 slaves aided Spartacus in his revolt?
Crixus, Oenomaus, Castus, and Gannicus
What two slaves joined Spartacus, Crixus, and Oenomaus later in the revolt?
Castus and Gannicus
What type of heavyweight gladiator was Spartacus?
Murmillo
Where did the slaves first base themselves in the Third Servile War?
Mt. Vesuvius
In what year was Crixus defeated in the Third Servile War?
72 B.C.
Which ally of Cinna and Marius, and a brilliant commander himself, took up arms against the Romans on behalf of the Lusitanians-who called him “the new Hannibal”?
Quintus Sertorius
What did Sertorius’ troops call him?
The new Hannibal
Who was called by his troops “The new Hannibal”?
Quintus Sertorius
Of what tribe was Sertorius the leader during his rebellion?
Lusitanians
What tribe invited Sertorius to lead their rebellion in 80 B.C.?
Lusitanians
Who did the Lusitanians invite to lead their rebellion in 80 B.C.?
Quintus Sertorius
Who was the Senate’s first choice to put down Spartacus’ revolt, however he was already engaged in conflicts in Asia-Minor?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Lucius Licinius Lucullus was the first choice to put down what man’s revolt, but he was already engaged in conflicts in Asia-Minor?
Spartacus
What man betrayed Sertorius and assassinated him in 72 B.C.?
Marcus Perperna Veiento
Who did Marcus Perperna Veiento betray and assassinate?
Quintus Sertorius
Who was the right-hand man of Sertorius?
Marcus Perperna Veiento
Marcus Perperna Veiento was the right-hand man of whom before he betrayed and assassinated him in 72 B.C.?
Quintus Sertorius
Who aided Aemilius Lepidus and incited a revolt in western Italy?
Marcus Iunius Brutus the Elder
Who had a Senatus Consultum Ultimum passed against him in 78 B.C. when he attempted to overthrow the Roman government?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Where did Marcus Aemilius Lepidus die in 78 B.C.?
Sardinia
Who set up a Marian cult in Spain?
Quintus Sertorius
What friend of Marcus Livius Drusus the Younger was consul in 75 B.C.?
Gaius Aurelius Cotta
Where were the pirates supposed to show up to save Spartacus but failed to do so, leading to the end of the 3rd Servile War?
Strait of Messina
Thracians, Gauls, German survivors of the Cimbric War, and herdsmen of the latifundia in southern Italy joined whom in his revolt?
Spartacus
What did Lutatius Catulus build in 78 B.C. to hold laws and other public records because the Temple of Saturn was too small?
Tabularium
What year did Lutatius Catulus build the Tabularium because the Temple of Saturn was too small to hold all the laws and other public records?
78 B.C.
What legate of the rebel Marcus Aemilius Lepidus fled to Spain to join Sertorius and, after sustaining many defeats, became infuriated at Sertorius’s continuous victories and decided to usurp Sertorius’ command by treacherously murdering him in 72 B.C.?
Marcus Perperna Veiento
In exchange for financial aid, to what king of Pontus did Sertorius promise to send veterans to train the king’s armies?
Mithridates VI
In exchange for financial aid, who promised Mithridates VI that he would send veterans to train the king’s armies?
Quintus Sertorius
Who were the consuls of 78 A.D.?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Lutatius Catulus
Who was the first to challenge the constitutions of Sulla?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
What city served as Sertorius’ capital during his rule over Hispania?
Saguntum
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (3rd Mithridatic War, Catiline)
What two years were Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus consuls?
70, 55 B.C.
What half-brother of Mucia Tertia (Pompey’s third wife), proposed the tribunician bill to recall Pompey immediately from Asia?
Caecilius Metellus Nepos
At what battle of 68 B.C. did the pirates defeat Marcius Rex and intercept a vital shipment of food heading to Rome?
Ostia
What son of Mithridates VI had been left in charge of the Pontic dominions in Europe and betrayed Mithridates VI after his loss at Cabira in 72 B.C.?
Machares
After what loss did Mithridates VI’s son Machares betray him?
Cabira
Machares was the son of what king of Pontus?
Mithridates VI
Who exchanged Mithridates VI’s body for the Bosporus?
Pharnaces II
Who did Pompey make a deal with concerning Mithridates’ body?
Pharnaces II
Who did Pharnaces II make a deal with concerning the Bosporus?
Pompeius Magnus
In 70 B.C., who began to regain control of the Parthian empire?
Phraates III
What Parthian king sided with Pompey against Mithridates VI in 66 B.C.?
Phraates III
In what year did Mithridates VI flee into exile in the court of Tigranes II?
72 B.C.
Into whose court did Mithridates VI flee in 72 B.C.?
Tigranes II
What tribune of 67 B.C. passed three laws that all corrected the abuse laid down by the optimates?
Gaius Cornelius
What father of Mark Antony was given “Proconsular Imperium Infinitum” in 74 B.C. but was defeated and then ended plundering the very provinces he was supposed to protect?
Marcus Antonius Creticus
What year was Marcus Antonius Creticus given “Proconsular Imperium Infinitum” but was defeated and killed while plundering the very provinces he was supposed to protect?
74 B.C.
What power was Marcus Antonius Creticus given in 74 B.C.?
Proconsular Imperium Infinitum
What year was Cicero quaestor in Sicily?
75 B.C.
Who served as quaestor in Sicily in 75 B.C.?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
What Roman statesman advocated the Concordia Ordinum, or Harmony of the Orders?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
What was the English name for the Concordia Ordinum?
Harmony of the Orders
What two-word Latin phrase was used by Cicero to describe a hypothetical alliance and union of the senatorial and equestrian classes?
Concordia Ordinum
Who was defeated by pirates at the battle of Ostia in 68 B.C.?
Marcius Rex
Where did pirates intercept a vital shipment of food to Rome in 68 B.C.?
Ostia
What year was Marcius Rex defeated by pirates at Ostia?
68 B.C.
What type of people defeated Marcius Rex at Ostia in 68 B.C.?
Pirates
How was Caecilius Metellus Nepos related to Pompey’s third wife, Mucia Tertia?
Half-brother
Who were the consuls in 69 B.C.?
Hortensius Hortalus and Caecilius Metellus Creticus
What year was the Lex Gabinia passed?
67 B.C.
What tribune passed the Lex Gabinia in 67 B.C.?
Aulus Gabinius
What law gave Pompey command against the pirates in the Mediterranean?
Lex Gabinia
The Lex Gabinia gave Pompey command against the pirates who were located in what body of water?
Mediterranean Sea
How many months did Pompey’s siege of Jerusalem last in 63 B.C.?
3 months
The siege of what city took Pompey 3 months in 63 B.C.?
Jerusalem
Who had to teach Pompey how to run the Senate?
Terentius Varro
What law of 67 B.C. removed Lucius Licinius Lucullus from command in Bithynia and transferred it to Acilius Glabrio?
Lex Gabinia
Who did the Lex Gabinia transfer command to after stripping Licinius Lucullus of it?
Acilius Glabrio
Who was the first wife of Lucius Licinius Lucullus?
Clodia
Who was the second and final wife of Lucius Licinius Lucullus?
Servilia the Younger
Who was given command against the pirates in 67 B.C. because of the Lex Gabinia?
Pompeius Magnus
How many years was Pompey given to clear the Mediterranean of pirates by the Lex Gabinia?
3
How many months did it take Pompey to clear the entire Mediterranean of pirates?
3
What year did Pompey finish clearing the entire Mediterranean of pirates?
66 B.C.
Who was Marcus Licinius Crassus’ fellow censor in 65 B.C.?
Lutatius Catulus
Who were the two censors of the year 65 B.C.?
Marcus Licinius Crassus and Lutatius Catulus
In 65 B.C., Marcus Licinius Crassus convinced the senate to appoint what young agent of his as governor of Hither Spain?
Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
In what year did Catiline offer himself as a candidate for consul but was not allowed to on the ground that he was an undischarged prisoner in a trial before the Quaestio De Rebus Repetundis?
66 B.C.
Who laid a plot to kill all successful candidates for consul in 65 B.C. but was caught, however, he was not prosecuted thanks to Marcus Licinius Crassus?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
Thanks to what man was Catiline not prosecuted for laying a plot to kill the candidates of 65 B.C.?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
In what year was Catiline allowed to join the running for the consulship?
64 B.C.
What year did Pompey lay siege to Jerusalem?
63 B.C.
What city did Pompey lay siege to in 63 B.C.?
Jerusalem
Who laid siege to Jerusalem in 63 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
Who is said to have had his beard pulled by Caesar during their dispute while on a visit to Rome in 62 B.C.?
Juba I
What year did Juba I have his beard pulled by Caesar while on a visit to Rome?
62 B.C.
Who pulled the beard of Juba I while he was visiting Rome in 62 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Whose beard was pulled by Caesar in 62 B.C.?
Juba I
What were the dates of the Third Mithridatic War?
74-63 B.C.
What son-in-law of Mithridates VI did he ally with during the Third Mithridatic War?
Tigranes II
How was Tigranes II related to Mithridates VI?
Son-in-law
What Sullan partisan who fought for Sulla in the civil war, got himself transferred from Cisalpine Gaul’s command to the command of Cilicia?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Lucius Licinius Lucullus was transferred from Cisalpine Gaul’s command to the command of where in 74 B.C.?
Cilicia
What co-consul of Lucius Licinius Lucullus was attacked by Mithridates VI at the inception of the Third Mithridatic War?
Marcus Aurelius Cotta
Where had Marcus Aurelius Cotta been reassigned to?
Bithynia
In 71 B.C., who came within striking distance of Rome and demanded the consulship which went against Sulla’s Lex Annalis and the cursus honorum because he hadn’t even taken the first step?
Pompeius Magnus
Tigranes II’s misuse of what led to the defeat at Tigranocerta?
Cataphracti (armored cavalry)
What year did Lucius Licinius Lucullus invade Armenia and capture the Armenian capital of Tigranocerta?
69 B.C.
Lucius Licinius Lucullus invaded Armenia and captured its capital which was located where in 69 B.C.?
Tigranocerta
Where is Lucullus said to have defeated Tigranes II in 15 minutes?
Tigranocerta
How long is the battle of Tigranocerta said to have lasted?
15 minutes
Where did Lucullus’ army mutiny in 68 B.C.?
Artaxata
What year did Lucullus’ army mutiny at Artaxata?
68 B.C.
What general invaded Armenia in 69 B.C.?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What brother-in-law of Lucius Licinius Lucullus stirred up a mutiny against him?
Clodius Pulcher
How was Clodius Pulcher related to Lucius Licinius Lucullus?
Brother-in-law
Who bequeathed Bithynia to Rome in 74 B.C.?
Nicomedes IV
What province did Nicomedes bequeath to Rome in 74 B.C.?
Bithynia
What year did Nicomedes IV bequeath Bithynia to Rome?
74 B.C.
What year was the battle of Chalcedon?
74 B.C.
At what city was Marcus Aurelius Cotta’s fleet captured and burned by the Kingdom of Pontus?
Chalcedon
Whose fleet was captured and burned by the Kingdon of Pontus in the battle of Chalcedon?
Marcus Aurelius Cotta
What woman did Pompey marry but then willingly divorce when Sulla wanted him to marry his stepdaughter, Aemilia Scaura?
Antistia Pompeia
Pompey divorced his first wife, Antistia Pompeia, when Sulla wanted him to marry what stepdaughter of his?
Aemilia Scaura
How was Pompey’s second wife, Aemilia Scaura, related to Sulla?
Stepdaughter
Who was the first wife of Pompey?
Antistia Pompeia
Who was the second wife of Pompey?
Aemilia Scaura
What wife of Pompey was the pregnant stepdaughter of Sulla that eventually died in childbirth?
Aemilia Scaura
What was the cause of Aemilia Scaura’s (second wife of Pompey) death?
Childbirth
Who was third wife of Pompey?
Mucia Tertia
What man took it upon himself to violate one of the Jews’ most sacred prohibitions and see what was inside the Holy of Holies, the inner sanctum of the Temple at Jerusalem?
Pompeius Magnus
What inner sanctum of the Temple at Jerusalem did Pompey violate because he wanted to see what was inside of it?
Holy of Holies
Despite being 6 years too young to become consul, who was elected to the position in 70 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What year was Pompey the Great elected consul, despite being 6 years too young to be eligible?
70 B.C.
How many years too young to be eligible was Pompey the Great when he was elected consul in 70 B.C.?
6
Whose army did Mithridates destroy at the battle of Chalcedon?
Marcus Aurelius Cotta
At what battle was Marcus Aurelius Cotta’s army wiped out in 74 B.C. by Mithridates VI?
Chalcedon
Who destroyed Marcus Aurelius Cotta’s army in 74 B.C. at Chalcedon?
Mithridates VI
Who gained command against Mithridates during the start of the Third Mithridatic War?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What year was the siege of Cyzicus?
73 B.C.
Who defeated Mithridates VI during the siege of Cyzicus?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Where did Lucius Licinius Lucullus defeat Mithridates in 73 B.C.?
Cyzicus
What year was the battle of Cabira?
72 B.C.
With the aid of what Galatian chieftain did Lucius Licinius Lucullus defeat Mithridates VI at Cabira in 72 B.C.?
Deiotarus
Who defeated Mithridates VI at the battle of Cabira in 72 B.C.?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
At what battle of 72 B.C. did Deiotarus aid Lucius Licinius Lucullus in defeating Mithridates?
Cabira
What year was the battle of Tigranocerta?
69 B.C.
Who defeated Tigranes the Great (II) and captured the city of Tigranocerta in 69 B.C.?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What year was the first battle of Zela?
67 B.C.
What governor of Sicily did Cicero prosecute on a charge of extortion in 70 B.C.?
Gaius Verres
Where did Gaius Verres serve as governor?
Sicily
What year did Cicero persecute Gaius Verres on a charge of extortion?
70 B.C.
Cicero persecuted Gaius Verres on a charge of what in 70 B.C.?
Extortion
After the first oration, where did Gaius Verres flee to?
Massilia
What man restored the second Temple of Castor and Pollux in 73 B.C.?
Gaius Verres
What year did Gaius Verres restore the Temple of Castor and Pollux?
73 B.C.
What temple did Gaius Verres restore in 73 B.C.?
Temple of Castor and Pollux
What famous orator was Cicero’s opponent?
Hortensius Hortalus
What Novus Homo from Arpinum was called “The first foreign king at Rome since the Tarquins”?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Who did Cicero’s daughter, Tullia, marry?
Cornelius Dolabella
Where was Cicero born?
Aprinum
Marius and Cicero were distantly related through what grandmother of theirs?
Gratidia
What grandmother of Cicero related Marius to him?
Gratidia
Because of his grandmother Gratidia, Cicero and what man were distantly related?
Gaius Marius
What lieutenant of Lucius Licinius Lucullus was defeated by Mithridates at the first battle of Zela in 67 B.C.?
Gaius Triarius
Where was Gaius Triarius defeated in 67 B.C.?
Zela
Who defeated Gaius Triarius at Zela in 67 B.C.?
Mithridates VI
Who demanded that Julius Caesar marry Cornelia?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
What year was the Lex Manilia passed?
66 B.C.
What year was Marcus Licinius Crassus elected censor?
65 B.C.
Who invaded Armenia and forced Tigranes II to become a subordinate ally of Rome?
Pompeius Magnus
Where did Pompey abandon his chase for Mithridates VI?
Caucasus
Who murdered his wives and daughters after he was shut in his palace, without hope of escape? (After which, he killed himself)
Mithridates VI
What man supposedly possessed an immunity to poison and was considered to be Rome’s greatest enemy of the 1st century B.C.?
Mithridates VI
Pompey took the side of who in Judea thus influencing Jewish theological history?
John Hyrcanus
What son of Mithridates VI gave Pompey his body?
Pharnaces II
What kingdom did Pompey give Pharnaces II in return for him handing over Mithridates VI’s body?
Bosporus
Who drove out Tigranes II from the Armenian throne and restored Antiochus XIII to the throne of Syria?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
After driving out Tigranes II from the Armenian throne, Lucius Licinius Lucullus restored what man to the throne of Syria?
Antiochus XIII
Who was defeated at the battle of Tigranocerta in 69 B.C. by Lucius Licinius Lucullus?
Tigranes II
What year was John Hyrcanus restored to his position as High Priest?
63 B.C.
In 63 B.C., John Hyrcanus was restored to what religious position?
High priest
Who was John Hyrcanus’ brother?
Aristobulus
What title did the Jews refer to as “king”, the same thing John Hyrcanus called himself?
Ethnarch
What two brothers disputed the throne of Judea so that Pompey had to intervene?
John Hyrcanus and Aristobulus
Aristobulus was supported by what group in Judea?
Sadducees
What brother of Hyrcanus was supported by the Sadducees?
Aristobulus
John Hyrcanus was supported by what group in Judea?
Pharisees
What brother of Aristobulus was supported by the Pharisees?
John Hyrcanus
Whom did Pompey choose to rule Judea?
John Hyrcanus
Who rewarded Deiotarus with the title of “king” and with parts of eastern Pontus for driving out Mithridates’ troops from Phrygia in 64 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What year did Pompey the Great award Deiotarus with parts of eastern Pontus for driving out Mithridates’ troops from Phrygia?
64 B.C.
Deiotarus was rewarded for driving out Mithridates VI’s troops from where in 64 B.C.?
Phrygia
After being rewarded by Pompey, the senate granted what man Lesser Armenia and most of Galatia in 64 B.C.?
Deiotarus
What king did Pompey refuse to call “king of kings”?
Phraates III
Who refused to call Phraates III “king of kings”?
Pompeius Magnus
Who was John Hyrcanus’ younger son?
Alexander Jannaeus
What tribune passed the Lex Manilia in 66 B.C.?
Gaius Manilius
What law transferred command against Mithridates from Lucius Licinius Lucullus to Pompey?
Lex Manilia
The Lex Manilia transferred command against Mithridates from Lucius Licinius Lucullus to whom?
Pompeius Magnus
The Lex Manilia transferred command from whom to Pompey?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What was the name of Cicero’s speech arguing in favor of the Lex Manilia?
Pro Lege Manilia
What year was battle of Nicopolis?
66 B.C.
At what battle of 66 B.C. did Pompey decisively defeat Mithridates VI?
Nicopolis
Who decisively defeated Mithridates VI at the battle of Nicopolis in 66 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
List in order the six major battles of the Third Mithridatic War and give the year that they were fought.
Chalcedon 74, Cyzicus 73, Lemnos 73, Cabira 72, Tigranocerta 69, Nicopolis 66
Who had been the only officer to support Sulla in his march on Rome in 88 B.C.?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Where did Mithridates commit suicide?
Panticapaeum
What son of Mithridates led the rebellion against him at Panticapaeum in 63 B.C.?
Pharnaces II
Where did Pharnaces II lead a rebellion against his father, Mithridates VI, in 63 B.C.?
Panticapaeum
What year did Mithridates commit suicide?
63 B.C.
What year was the Conspiracy of Catiline?
63 B.C.
Cethegus and Lentulus were both put to death because of their participation in what clandestine event in 63 B.C.?
Catilinarian Conspiracy
What two men were put to death because of their involvement in the Catilinarian Conspiracy?
Cethegus and Lentulus
Who tried to overthrow the Republic as a last resort after losing consular elections for 63 and 62 B.C.?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
Who were the consuls in the year 63 B.C.?
Marcus Tullius Cicero and Antonius Hybrida
Who was Cicero’s co-consul in 63 B.C.?
Antonius Hybrida
What was passed against Catiline?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
Who wrote speeches against Catiline?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
What title did Cicero receive in 63 B.C.?
Pater patriae
What Gallic tribe gave away the Catilinarian plot?
Allobroges
What consul of 68 B.C. was defeated by the pirates at Ostia?
Marcius Rex
What year was the consul Marcius Rex defeated by the pirates at Ostia?
68 B.C.
Where was the consul Marcius Rex defeated by pirates in 68 B.C.?
Ostia
Who did Julius Caesar set up gold statues of in the forum?
Marius
What year was the battle of Pistoria?
62 B.C.
What daughter of Mithridates VI married Tigranes II?
Cleopatra the Elder
Where did Lucullus defeat Mithridates VI in a naval battle in 73 B.C. giving the Romans better movement?
Lemnos
What year was the battle of Lemnos?
73 B.C.
What commander overtook the combined fleet of the Mithridatic admirals Marcus Marius, Alexander the Paphlagonian, and Dionysius the Eunuch, in the battle of Lemnos in 73 B.C.?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Catiline formed an army under whom in Etruria?
Manlius
What woman, the wife of a conspirator, gave Cicero information?
Fulvia
At what battle of 62 B.C. was Catiline killed?
Pistoria
What man went so far as to be adopted into a Plebeian gens so that he could, as a tribune, pass a law procuring the exile of Cicero?
Clodius Pulcher
Clodius Pulcher got adopted into what type of gens so that he could pass a law procuring the exile of Cicero?
Plebeian
What year did Clodius Pulcher dress as a woman at the Bona Dea Festival?
62 B.C.
What does “Bona Dea” translate to?
Good goddess
What Stoic man of great courage, soon became recognized as the spokesman of Sulla’s optimate heirs in the senate?
Cato the Younger
To many peoples’ surprise, who immediately disbanded his army when he returned to Rome in 62 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What year did Pompey disband his army when he returned to Rome?
62 B.C.
Cicero testified against who when Cato the Younger brought charges of sacrilege against him?
Clodius Pulcher
Who and his supporters were defeated by Caecilius Metellus Celer when they tried to cross the Apennines and were decisively defeated by Marcus Petreius at Pistoria?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
When Catiline tried crossing the Apennines, what man blocked the mountain gates and prevented him passing through to Gaul?
Caecilius Metellus Celer
Whose conspirators were put to death despite protests from Julius Caesar, who suggested life in prison?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
Catiline was accused of killing his first wife and son so that he could marry what wealthy and beautiful woman?
Aurelia Orestilla
Where was the Bona Dea Festival held?
Gaius Julius Caesar’s house
In 62 B.C., what wife of Julius Caesar hosted the Bona Dea festival?
Pompeia
What festival did Caesar’s wife, Pompeia, host?
Bona Dea
Clodius Pulcher was admitted into the Bona Dea festival dressed as a woman on the intent that he would seduce what woman, a wife of Caesar?
Pompeia
Who got land for his veterans?
Pompeius Magnus
What tribune of 67 B.C. tried to veto the Lex Gabinia but the senate had already given him power which led to the withdrawal of the veto at the last moment?
Lucius Trebellius
What law did Lucius Trebellius try to veto?
Lex Gabinia
What year did Lucius Trebellius serve as tribune?
67 B.C.
Along with the tribune Lucius Trebellius, what consul of 67 B.C. opposed the Lex Gabinia?
Gaius Calpurnius Piso
What year did the consul Gaius Calpurnius Piso oppose the Lex Gabinia?
67 B.C.
In what year did Pompey make Aulus Gabinius consul, thus also being a novus homo?
58 B.C.
What Greek scholar did Lucullus bring back to Rome during the Third Mithridatic War?
Tyrannio of Amisus
What Greek historian did Pompey bring back to Rome at the end of the Third Mithridatic War?
Theophanes of Mytilene
What tribune of 63 B.C. did Marcus Licinius Crassus instruct to carry out a harmless looking Gracchan type bill for an extensive redistribution of land in Italy and all of the provinces?
Servilius Rullus
What year was the tribune Servilius Rullus instructed by Marcus Licinius Crassus to carry out a harmless looking Gracchan type bill for an extensive redistribution of land in Italy and all of the provinces?
63 B.C.
Who instructed the tribune Servilius Rullus to carry out a Gracchan type bill for an extensive redistribution of land in Italy and all of the provinces?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
In 63 B.C., who proposed a law that would have established a land commission for distribution of land for Pompey’s veterans?
Servilius Rullus
Who opposed Servilius Rullus’ land bill in 63 B.C. which led to its defeat?
Cicero
Julius Caesar became Pontifex Maximus when what tribune carried a bill to transfer the choice of high priest back to a special electoral body of seventeen tribes?
Titus Labienus
What office did Julius Caesar receive when Titus Labienus carried a bill to transfer the choice of high priest back to a special electoral body of seventeen tribes?
Pontifex Maximus
Who killed Catiline at Pistoria in 62 B.C.?
Marcus Petreius
What year did Marcus Petreius kill Catiline at Pistoria?
62 B.C.
At what battle did Marcus Petreius kill Catiline in 62 B.C.?
Pistoria
Who was killed by Marcus Petreius at the battle of Pistoria in 62 B.C.?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
Who planned to annex Egypt and have his agent, Julius Caesar, rule as governor?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Marcus Licinius Crassus planned to annex what province and have Julius Caesar rule there as governor?
Egypt
What year was Catiline’s first attempt to sue for the consulship?
65 B.C.
Who proposed the title of “Pater Patriae” for Cicero for uncovering the Catilinarian Conspiracy?
Lutatius Catulus
What title did Lutatius Catulus propose for Cicero to be awarded with after he uncovered the Catilinarian Conspiracy?
Pater Patriae
Under whom did Julius Caesar begin his military career in 82 B.C. serving in Asia?
Marcus Thermus
What year did Julius Caesar begin his military career in Asia under Marcus Thermus?
82 B.C.
Who began their military career in Asia under Marcus Thermus in 82 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
In 69 B.C. what port was permanently destroyed by pirates?
Delos
What year did pirates permanently destroy the port at Delos?
69 B.C.
In 69 B.C. the port at Delos was permanently destroyed by what type of people?
Pirates
What king of Armenia, who came into power in 100 B.C., was the son-in-law of Mithridates and established a small hegemony in the East?
Tigranes II
What year did Tigranes II come into power?
100 B.C.
How was Tigranes II related to Mithridates VI?
Son-in-law
Who did Aulus Gabinius appoint as “ad interim” for Lucullus while they awaited the arrival of Pompey?
Acilius Glabrio
Who replaced Lucius Licinius Lucullus for a short time in the Third Mithridatic War?
Acilius Glabrio
Who replaced Acilius Glabrio’s command in the Third Mithridatic War?
Pompeius Magnus
Who was Cicero’s daughter?
Tullia
Who was the wife of Cicero who bore him his daughter, Tullia?
Terentia
What high-born, highly educated, and daring conspirator with Catiline in 63 B.C. was probably the mother of Caesar’s assassin Decimus Brutus?
Sempronia
What slave of Terentia (Cicero’s first wife) was so appreciated by her that she freed him? (Later, he established a school and probably shared its income with Terentia)
Diocles
Who is said to have trained the freedman, Diocles?
Tyrannio of Amisus
What freedman is said to have been trained by Tyrannio of Amisus?
Diocles
What wife of Pompey did he divorce because she was alleged to have been unfaithful while he was fighting Mithridates?
Mucia Tertia
Who gave the laudatio at Sulla’s funeral in 78 B.C.?
Marcius Philippus
In what year did Ptolemy Apion’s Cyrenaica officially become a province after it was given to Rome in 96 B.C.?
74 B.C.
Who served as consul in 65 B.C. and served as censor in 64 B.C.?
Lucius Aurelius Cotta
What office did Lucius Aurelius Cotta hold in 65 B.C.?
Consul
What office did Lucius Aurelius Cotta hold in 64 B.C.?
Censor
What year did Lucius Licinius Lucullus and Marcus Aurelius Cotta serve as co-consuls?
74 B.C.
Who were the two consuls of the year 74 B.C.?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus and Marcus Aurelius Cotta
Catiline was able to battle the Republic because he rallied which tribe against Rome?
Allobroges
Who was able to battle the Republic because he rallied the Allobroges against Rome?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
What year did Lucius Licinius Lucullus die?
56 B.C.
In 67 B.C., the tribune Gaius Cornelius passed a law mandating that holders of what position follow the edicts that they were required to lay down when they took office?
Praetor
What year was Catiline appointed praetor?
68 B.C.
What office was Catiline appointed to in 68 B.C.?
Praetor
What year was Catiline made governor of Africa?
67 B.C.
From what years was Catiline serving as governor of Africa?
67-66 B.C.
Where did Catiline serve as governor from 67-66 B.C.?
Africa
Who served as governor of Africa from 67-66 B.C.?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
What man’s execution for “plotting to be king” (hundreds of years prior) did Cicero cite as a precedent for executing Catiline?
Spurius Cassius
Spurius Cassius’ execution in 485 B.C. was cited as a precedent by Cicero for executing what man?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
Where did Cicero serve as quaestor?
Sicily
What island was cleared of pirates by Caecilius Metellus Creticus from 68-67 B.C.?
Crete
Who cleared Crete of pirates from 68-67 B.C.?
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus
From what years did Caecilius Metellus Creticus clear Crete of pirates?
68-67 B.C.
What year did Caecilius Metellus Creticus clear Crete of pirates?
67 B.C.
Who finally managed to complete what Marcus Antonius Creticus failed to do by clearing pirates from Crete and subsequently establishing it as a province from 68-67 B.C.?
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus
At what age was Pompey the Great elected consul with Marcus Licinius Crassus in 70 B.C.?
35
What son of a famous dictator was the first over the wall during the siege of Jerusalem in 63 B.C.?
Faustus Sulla
Faustus Sulla was the first over the wall of what city during its siege in 63 B.C.?
Jerusalem
What two members of the Metelli opposed Pompey’s request for land for his veterans in 60 B.C.?
Celer, Creticus
Which leader of the optimates inadvertently drove Caesar, Pompey and Crassus to form the First Triumvirate by virtue of his stubborn, obstructive tactics in the Senate?
Cato the Younger
Who became Cato the Younger’s political enemy when Cato brought charges of sacrilege against him, aided by the eager testimony of Cicero?
Clodius Pulcher
What second husband of Atia and step-father of Octavian served as governor of Syria from 61-59 B.C.?
Marcius Philippus
From what years did Marcius Philippus, the second husband of Atia and step-father of Octavian, serve as governor of Syria?
61-59 B.C.
Where did Marcius Philippus, the second husband of Atia and step-father of Octavian, serve as governor from 61-59 B.C.?
Syria
Who delivered a speech arguing in favor of Pompey the Great’s command against Mithridates?
Cicero
What occupation did Cicero respect and hold on par with medicine?
Architecture
What commander incurred the distrust of the Senate when he imposed special taxes in Asia to restore economic prosperity?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
In what province did Lucullus impose special taxes to restore economic prosperity?
Asia
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (Caesar and random stuff from 59-51 B.C.)
What law, passed by Julius Caesar in 59 B.C., regulated the administration of the provinces, drastically controlled extortion, and forbade governors to accept gifts under punishment of death?
Lex Julia de Repetundis
What year did Julius Caesar pass the Lex Julia de Repetundis?
59 B.C.
At the funeral of what aunt of Julius Caesar’s did he give a eulogy of the Julian gens?
Julia
When Marcus Licinius Crassus expressed aim of going to war with Parthia and not everyone approved, what tribune of 55 B.C. tried to arrest him for breaking faith with Parthia?
Ateius Capito
What year did the tribune Ateius Capito try to arrest Marcus Licinius Crassus for breaking faith with Parthia?
55 B.C.
Who was charged with extortion in Syria in 54 B.C.?
Aulus Gabinius
What year was Aulus Gabinius charged with extortion in Syria?
54 B.C.
What nobleman, a candidate for the consulship of 55 B.C., proposed a bill for the recall of Caesar from Gaul at the earliest possible moment?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
What year did Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus try to deprive Caesar of his province?
55 B.C.
What award did Caesar win for saving the life of a fellow soldier in battle?
Corona Civica
At what siege did Julius Caesar earn the Corona Civica in 87 B.C.?
Mytilene
Who earned the Corona Civica at the siege of Mytilene in 87 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What year did Gaius Julius Caesar earn the Corona Civia at the siege of Mytilene?
87 B.C.
What wife of Julius Caesar did he refuse to divorce even after Sulla commanded him to do so?
Cornelia
The tribune Ateius Capito tried to arrest what man for breaking faith with Parthia?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Which of Caesar’s 3 wives did he divorce?
Pompeia
What structure burned down in 52 B.C. during Clodius Pulcher’s funeral because a funeral pyre ignited it?
Curia Hostilia
In what structure was Clodius Pulcher’s body cremated?
Curia Hostilia
During whose funeral in 52 B.C. did the Curia Hostilia burn down because a funeral pyre ignited it?
Clodius Pulcher
What year did the Curia Hostilia burn down?
52 B.C.
What building replaced the Curia Hostilia after its destruction?
Curia Cornelia
What building did the Curia Cornelia replace?
Curia Hostilia
Who was the mother of Caesar?
Aurelia
What half-sister of Cato the Younger did Caesar have a long-running affair with?
Servilia
Who is credited with the construction of the first permanent theater in Rome, which he dedicated in 55 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What year did Pompey the Great dedicate the first ever permanent theater in Rome?
55 B.C.
How was Servilia (woman that Caesar had an affair with) related to Cato the Younger?
Half-sister
What woman was Caesar first either engaged or married to before Cornelia?
Cossutia
Julius Caesar broke off his engagement to Cossutia to marry whom?
Cornelia
Who did Caesar break off an engagement with so that he could marry Cornelia?
Cossutia
Who was Servilia’s (woman that Caesar had an affair with) half-brother?
Cato the Younger
Who did Julius Caesar set up gold statues of in the forum?
Marius
What year was the first Triumvirate formed?
60 B.C.
Who were the members of the first Triumvirate?
Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompeius Magnus
What cemented the alliance of the First Triumvirate?
Caesar’s daughter Julia married Pompey
What was the exact date on which Julius Caesar was born?
July 12th, 100 B.C.
What year was Julius Caesar elected to be quaestor?
69 B.C.
What year was Julius Caesar elected Aedile?
65 B.C.
What great general was elected Aedile in 65 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What year was Julius Caesar first elected to be Pontifex Maximus?
63 B.C.
What year was Julius Caesar first elected to be praetor?
62 B.C.
What year was Julius Caesar first elected to be consul?
59 B.C.
Who were the consuls in the year 59 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
Who were the consuls of 58 B.C.?
Aulus Gabinius and Calpurnius Piso
What son-in-law of Cato the Younger was Caesar’s consular colleague in 59 B.C.?
Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
How was Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus related to Cato the Younger?
Son-in-law
Who was Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus’ famous father-in-law?
Cato the Younger
What king of Egypt is said to have paid Aulus Gabinius 10,000 talents to raid Egypt?
Ptolemy XII Auletes
What explanation had the senate given Pompey from restoring Ptolemy Auletes to the throne with Roman military power?
They said the Sibylline Books forbade it
The senate said that the Sibylline Books forbade what man from restoring Ptolemy Auletes to the throne with Roman military power?
Pompeius Magnus
How many talents is Ptolemy XII Auletes said to have paid Aulus Gabinius
10000
Who did Marcus Licinius Crassus replace as governor of Syria in 54 B.C.?
Aulus Gabinius
What year did Marcus Licinius Crassus replace Aulus Gabinius as governor of Syria?
54 B.C.
Who replaced Aulus Gabinius as governor of Syria in 54 B.C.?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Where was Marcus Licinius Crassus made governor in 54 B.C.?
Syria
During what performance of Euripides was Marcus Licinius Crassus’ grisly head displayed at the Parthian Court?
Bacchae
Whose head was displayed during a performance of Euripedes’ Bacchae at the Parthian court?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
During a performance of whose “Bacchae” was Marcus Licinius Crassus’ head displayed?
Euripedes
Who was often called “the richest man in Rome”?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
What does the cognomen “Dives” mean?
Rich
What aunt of Julius Caesar was the wife of Marius?
Julia
How was Marius related to Julius Caesar?
Uncle
Who was Julius Caesar’s uncle?
Gaius Marius
Who was Julius Caesar’s first wife?
Cornelia
Who was Cornelia’s (Julius Caesar’s first wife) father?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna
Who was Julius Caesar’s father-in-law by Cornelia?
Lucius Cornelius Cinna
How was Cinna related to Julius Caesar?
Father-in-law
What year is often referred to as “The consulship of Julius and Caesar”?
59 B.C.
What consular colleague of Julius Caesar was so weak and ineffectual that many Romans called the year in which he served “the consulship of Julius and Caesar”?
Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
After Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus’ opponents broke his fasces and dumped feces on his head, how did he respond?
Retired from public life
Caesar’s optimate enemies created a bribery fund to support who?
Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
Julius Caesar used funds from what friend of Pompey?
Lucius Lucceius
What man retired from public life after losing the election for the consulship in 59 B.C. and was so disgusted with himself that he devoted himself to writing a history of the Social and Civil Wars?
Lucius Lucceius
Who was another candidate for the year 59 B.C. but lost the election?
Lucius Lucceius
What famous orator did Julius Caesar make overtures at to join the First Triumvirate?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Where did Cicero spend part of 58 and 57 B.C. in exile?
Macedonia
From what years was Cicero in exile at Macedonia?
58-57 B.C.
What man was in exile at Macedonia from 58-57 B.C.?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Who received a five-year governorship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyricum, and later Transalpine Gaul that allowed him to wage his Gallic Wars?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What year was the Lex Vatinia made?
59 B.C.
What tribune passed a law that gave Julius Caesar the governorship of Cisalpine Gaul and of Illyricum for five years starting in 59 B.C.?
Publius Vatinius
The Lex Vatinia gave Julius Caesar the governorship of what two provinces for five years?
Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum
For how many years did the Lex Vatinia give Caesar the governorship in Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum?
5
Who was exiled to Macedon due to a law based by Clodius Pulcher that exiled anyone who had put a Roman citizen to death without a trial?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Who famously violated the Bona Dea festival in 62 B.C. by dressing as a woman?
Clodius Pulcher
To where was Annius Milo forced into exile in 52 B.C., after being convicted of the murder of Clodius Pulcher by a vote of 38 to 13?
Massilia
What year was Annius Milo forced into exile at Massilia?
52 B.C.
Who was forced into exile at Massilia after being convicted of the murder of Clodius Pulcher?
Annius Milo
Who was Julius Caesar’s second wife?
Pompeia
Who was Julius Caesar’s third and final wife?
Calpurnia
Who, at one point arrested the obstructive Cato the Younger, but set him free?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What daily bulletin, which contained the texts of all currently enacted laws and debate summaries as well as the proceedings of the senate, did Julius Caesar publish?
Acta Diurna
What man published the Acta Diurna?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who claimed that Pompeia was his lover, which got Julius Caesar to divorce her?
Clodius Pulcher
What did Julius Caesar say when divorcing his second wife, Pompeia?
Caesar’s wife must be above suspicion
Who was killed in a gang fight against his rival, Annius Milo, in 52 B.C.?
Clodius Pulcher
What tribune of 58 B.C. arranged to have Cato the Younger sent on a mission to Cyprus which Rome had expropriated?
Clodius Pulcher
What was Clodius Pulcher known as?
Uncrowned king of Rome
While tribune in 58 B.C., Clodius Pulcher arranged to have what man sent on a mission to Cyprus?
Cato the Younger
While tribune in 58 B.C., Clodius Pulcher arranged to have Cato the Younger exiled to where?
Cyprus
What year did Clodius Pulcher try to send Cato the Younger into exile at Cyprus?
58 B.C.
What tribune attempted to send Cato the Younger into exile at Cyprus in 58 B.C.?
Clodius Pulcher
What year did Clodius Pulcher serve as tribune?
58 B.C.
Why did Clodius Pulcher banish Cicero?
Cicero put a citizen to death without a trial
What year did Annius Milo kill Clodius Pulcher?
52 B.C.
What rival of his killed Clodius Pulcher in 52 B.C.?
Annius Milo
What term does Cicero use to describe the conflict that came about when Clodius Pulcher and Annius Milo met by accident while travelling along the Via Appia with armed supporters in 52 B.C.?
Battle of Bovillae
Near what ancient town in Lazio did Clodius Pulcher and Annius Milo cross paths with armed supporters while travelling along the Via Appia?
Bovillae
Where was Clodius Pulcher’s body cremated and placed in the year 52 B.C.?
Curia Hostilia
Whose body was cremated and placed in the Curia Hostilia in 52 B.C.?
Clodius Pulcher
What was the turning point for the First Triuvirate?
Julia’s death
What law, passed by Gaius Trebonius in 55 B.C. assigned the triumvirs their provinces for the next five years?
Lex Trebonia
What year was the Lex Trebonia passed?
55 B.C.
What tribune of 55 B.C. gave proconsulship to both Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus?
Gaius Trebonius
The tribune Gaius Trebonius in 55 B.C. gave the proconsulship to what two men?
Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus
What year did Gaius Trebonius give the proconsulship to Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus?
55 B.C.
What Parthian commander of King Orodes II defeated and killed Marcus Licinius Crassus at Carrhae in 53 B.C.?
Surena
Against what people did Marcus Licinius Crassus campaign, leading to his death in 53 B.C.?
Parthians
Who executed Surena for fear of a possible revolt against the king?
Orodes II
The Parthian commander Surena was under what king of Parthia?
Orodes II
At what battle did Marcus Licinius Crassus die in 53 B.C.?
Carrhae
What year did Marcus Licinius Crassus die at the Battle of Carrhae?
53 B.C.
What year was the Battle of Carrhae?
53 B.C.
Who held consulships in 55 B.C.?
Marcus Licinius Crassus and Pompeius Magnus
Who was the king of Parthia at the time of the Battle of Carrhae?
Orodes II
What future killer of Caesar survived the Battle of Carrhae?
Gaius Cassius Longinus
Caesar gained governorship of what three provinces through the agency of Publius Vatinius for 5 years starting on March 1, 59 B.C.?
Cisalpine Gaul, Illyricum, Narbonese Gaul
Who did the governor of Syria, Aulus Gabinius, reinstate as king in 55 B.C.?
Ptolemy XII Auletes
Who did Pompey send to restore Ptolemy XII Aulutes in 55 B.C., to whom Ptolemy gave 10,000 talents?
Aulus Gabinius
Who sent Aulus Gabinius to restore Ptolemy XII Auletes in 55 B.C., to whom Ptolemy gave 10,000 talents?
Pompeius Magnus
What year did the governor of Syria, Aulus Gabinius, reinstate Ptolemy XII Auletes as king?
55 B.C.
What governor of Syria reinstated Ptolemy XII as king in 55 B.C.?
Aulus Gabinius
Where was Aulus Gabinius serving as governor when he reinstated Ptolemy XII Auletes as king in 55 B.C.?
Syria
What year did Ptolemy XII Auletes die?
51 B.C.
In what year did Pompey make Aulus Gabinius consul, thus being a Novus Homo?
58 B.C.
Who ran for the consulship of 55 B.C. and said that as soon as he was elected, he would introduce a bill to recall Caesar from Gaul?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
What year did Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus run for office and say that as soon as he was elected, he would introduce a bill to recall Caesar from Gaul?
55 B.C.
What consul preceded a State of Emergency when he stopped Cicero’s proposal for Caesar to retain Illyricum but not Cisalpine Gaul and Pompey only Spain in 56 B.C.?
Cornelius Lentulus
What daughter of Cato the Younger was like her father with respect to his outspoken republicanism?
Porcia
What year did Cato the Younger run for election of consul but failed in doing so?
53 B.C.
Who ran for consul in 53 B.C. but lost the election?
Cato the Younger
What office did Cato the Younger run for in 53 B.C. but lost the election?
Consul
What year was Clodius Pulcher quaestor?
61 B.C.
What office did Clodius Pulcher hold in 61 B.C.?
Quaestor
Who was given the nickname “Queen of Bithynia” for his possible sexual relations with the current king of Bithynia, Nicomedes IV?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What nickname was Julius Caesar given for his possible sexual relations with Nicomedes IV?
Queen of Bithynia
Julius Caesar was given the nickname “Queen of Bithynia” for his possible sexual relations with what king of Bithynia?
Nicomedes IV
Who had a chamber pot dropped on his head when he unsuccessfully tried to oppose a bill granting land to Pompey’s veterans returning from the east?
Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
What did Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus have dropped on his head when he unsuccessfully tried to oppose a bill granting land to Pompey’s veterans returning from the east?
Chamber pot
Where in Macedonia did Cicero first travel to after being exiled for refusing the offer of joining the First Triumvirate in 58 B.C.?
Thessalonica
For what reason was Cicero exiled in 58 B.C.?
Refused to join the First Triumvirate
What year did Annius Milo serve as tribune?
57 B.C.
Who served as tribune in 57 B.C.?
Annius Milo
Who served as tribune in 58 B.C.?
Clodius Pulcher
At a funeral oration for his aunt, Caesar divulged that this aunt was a descendant of which Roman king?
Ancus Marcius
What aunt of Caesar did he divulge that she was a descendant of Ancus Marcius?
Julia
What man said that Julia (his aunt) was a descendant of Ancus Marcius?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who was the mother of Caesar’s daughter, Julia?
Cornelia
With what wife of his did Caesar have Julia?
Cornelia
What daughter did Cornelia bare to Caesar?
Julia
How was Caesar related to Atia (mother of Octavian)?
Uncle
What niece of Caesar was the mother of Octavian?
Atia
What great general was Atia (mother of Octavian) the niece of?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What lieutenant of Caesar betrayed him by riding back to Rome before the crossing of the Rubicon?
Titus Labienus
Under which renowned philosopher and rhetorician did both Cicero and Caesar study while in Greece?
Apollonius
What statesmen and tribune passed laws giving free gifts of grain to the public?
Publius Clodius Pulcher
From whom does Caesar’s legion in Galatia take its name?
Deiotarus
As part of his reforms, Caesar increased membership of the Roman Senate to what number?
900
What man increased the number of members in the Roman Senate to 900?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Where was Cicero made governor in 51 B.C.?
Cilicia
Who was made governor of Cilicia in 51 B.C.?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
What year was Cicero made governor of Cilicia?
51 B.C.
During Cicero’s proconsulship in Cilicia in 51 B.C., where did he earn a triumph for defeating a group of bandits?
Mt. Amanus
Who defeated a group of bandits at Mt. Amanus while serving as governor of Cilicia in 51 B.C.?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Who lifted the ban of Latin rhetoricians that was originally instituted in 92 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
In 56 B.C. the Parthian king Orodes II crushed what former lieutenant of Pompey because he supported a pretender to the Parthian throne?
Aulus Gabinius
What year did Orodes II crush Aulus Gabinius because he supported a pretender to the Parthian throne?
56 B.C.
What Parthian king crushed Aulus Gabinius in 56 B.C. because he supported a pretender to the Parthian throne?
Orodes II
Against whom did Julius Caesar mount an attack on the Senatus Consultum Ultimum because the accused had taken part in the shameful murder of Saturninus?
Rabirius
Who mounted an attack on the Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Rabirius because the accused had taken part in the shameful murder of Saturninus?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What legate of Caesar sent him a letter in 57 B.C. detailing the warlike preparations of the Belgians?
Titus Labienus
Due to the disorder in Rome as a result of Clodius Pulcher’s murder, whom did the Senate appoint sole consul for 52 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What son of Marcus Licinius Crassus was also killed at Carrhae in 53 B.C.?
Publius Licinius Crassus
What consul of 58 B.C. was the father of Julius Caesar’s final wife, Calpurnia?
Lucius Calpurnius Piso
Who vetoed Caesar’s land bill that would give Pompey’s veterans settlements in 59 B.C.?
Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
Where did Cato the Younger become governor in 58 B.C.?
Cyprus
What year did Cato the Younger become governor of Cyprus?
58 B.C.
What precursor to the Acta Diurna was a set of historical recordings, compiled by the pontifex maximus and arranged chronically, of major events and announcements posted on an album outside the Regia?
Annales Maximi
What year was the Acta Diurna established by Gaius Julius Caesar?
59 B.C.
Gaius Julius Caesar forbade auctioneers and undertakers from what occupation?
Public office/Politics
Who claimed divine descent from Venus through Ascanius?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Caesar claimed divine descent from what deity through Ascanius?
Venus
What did the name “Caesar” mean?
Long-haired
Following a Sibylline oracle that said the Parthians could only be defeated by a rex, a motion was put before the Senate to make what man king, but only outside of Italy?
Gaius Julius Caesar
A Sibylline oracle said that what people could only be defeated by a rex, thus a motion was put before the Senate to make Gaius Julius Caesar king, but only outside of Italy?
Parthians
In 75 B.C., what future dictator was kidnapped at the age of 25 by pirates in the Aegean Sea and ransomed for 50 talents?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Pirates of what body of water kidnapped Caesar in 75 B.C. and ransomed him for 50 talents?
Aegean Sea
For how many talents was Caesar ransomed after being kidnapped by pirates in the Aegean Sea in 75 B.C.?
50
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (Gallic Wars)
What were the dates of Caesar’s Gallic Wars?
58-51 B.C.
Orgetorix of the Helvetii persuaded what two men to join the conspiracy in the hopes of gaining control of Gaul in 58 B.C.?
Dumnorix and Casticus
What brother of Divitiacus, along with Casticus, was persuaded by Orgetorix to join the conspiracy in the hopes of gaining control of Gaul in 58 B.C.?
Dumnorix
Who persuaded Dumnorix and Casticus to join the conspiracy in the hopes of gaining control of Gaul in 58 B.C.?
Orgetorix
What three men did Caesar say were in a plot to dominate Gaul in 58 B.C.?
Orgetorix, Dumnorix, and Casticus
Under the leadership of what two men did the Remi side themselves with Caesar?
Iccius and Andecombogius
In 55 B.C., what two German tribes were expelled from their homeland into Northern Belgium which led to a peace treaty and then a massacre all at the hands of Caesar?
Usipetes and Tencteri
What year were the two German tribes, Usipetes and Tencteri, expelled from their homeland into Northern Belgium which led to a peace treaty and then a massacre all at the hands of Caesar?
55 B.C.
Caesar had his men make a trestle bridge over the narrow swift reach of the Rhine River near what rock?
Lorelei Rock
What man had his men make a trestle bridge over the narrow swift reach of the Rhine River near the Lorelei Rock?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar had his men make a trestle bridge over what river?
Rhine River
Where in Britain were the Trinovantes located?
Essex
What tribe was located in Essex?
Trinovantes
Under the leadership of Iccius and Andecombogius, what tribe allied themselves with Caesar?
Remi
Who did Julius Caesar repel from Aeduan territory?
Helvetii
Who defeated Ariovistus of the Suebi in 58 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What year did Julius Caesar defeat Ariovistus of the Suebi?
58 B.C.
What chieftain of the Suebi led an attack against Caesar’s forces in Gaul in 58 B.C.?
Ariovistus
Who had gotten Cicero exiled in 58 B.C.?
Clodius Pulcher
Who was exiled by Clodius Pulcher in 58 B.C.?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
After being exiled by Clodius Pulcher, what two men did Cicero go to for help, the consuls of that year (58 B.C.)?
Aulus Gabinius and Calpurnius Piso
Where did Clodius Pulcher make Cato the Younger governor in order to get rid of him?
Cyprus
Where did Caesar decisively defeat the Helvetii in 58 B.C.?
Bibracte
What year was the battle of Bibracte?
58 B.C.
What tribe did Caesar defeat at the Battle of Bibracte in 58 B.C.?
Helvetii
What leader of the Helvetii did Julius Caesar defeat at the battle of Bibracte in 58 B.C.?
Orgetorix
Where did Caesar first defeat the migrating Helvetii in 58 B.C.?
Arar
What tribe was defeated at the battle of Arar in 58 B.C.?
Helvetii
Next to what river did Caesar destroy nearly a quarter of the Helvetii in 58 B.C.?
Arar
What year did Caesar destroy nearly a quarter of the Helvetii next to the Arar River?
58 B.C.
What tribe did Titus Labienus defeat at the River Arar while Caesar was being attacked by the Helvetii?
Tigurini
What deputy of Caesar defeated the Tigurini at the River Arar while Caesar was being attacked by the Helvetii?
Titus Labienus
What wealthy aristocrat from the Helvetii fought Caesar in 58 B.C.?
Orgetorix
Of what tribe was the wealthy aristocrat, Orgetorix?
Helvetii
At what battle of 58 B.C. did Julius Caesar defeat Ariovistus of the Suebi?
Vosges
What year was the battle of Vosges?
58 B.C.
What tribe did Julius Caesar defeat at the battle of Vosges in 58 B.C.?
Suebi
At what battle of 57 B.C. did Julius Caesar defeat the Belgic Nervii?
River Sambre (Sabis)
In what year did the Belgic Nervii begin their fight at Sambre (Sabis) against Caesar?
57 B.C.
What Belgic tribe did Caesar defeat at the Battle of Sambre (Sabis)?
Nervii
What is an alternate name for the Battle of Sambre which was fought in 57 B.C. against the Nervii?
Sabis
Where did Caesar have his winter headquarters in 56 B.C.?
Ravenna
What year were Caesar’s winter headquarters set up at Ravenna?
56 B.C.
What leader of the Eburones fought Caesar during his Gallic campaigns from 54-51 B.C.?
Ambiorix
What year did Caesar defeat Ambiorix of the Eburones?
53 B.C.
Of what tribe was Ambiorix the king?
Eburones
What year did the Eburones begin their war against Caesar?
54 B.C.
When the senate got word of all Julius Caesar’s triumphs, how many days did they declare an unprecedented long thanksgiving?
15
What man defeated the Belgae in 57 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What Druidic chieftain of the Aedui requested aid against the Suebi from Julius Caesar?
Divitiacus
Of what tribe was Divitiacus?
Aedui
Divitiacus requested aid from Caesar against what tribe?
Suebi
What chieftain was Divitiacus’ brother?
Dumnorix
Where did Caesar station his troops during the winter of 58 to 57 B.C.?
Vesontio
What tribe did Caesar defeat in 57 B.C.?
Nervii
What year did Julius Caesar defeat the Nervii?
57 B.C.
Who was the chieftain of the Nervii that Julius Caesar fought against in 57 B.C.?
Bodougnatus
What year did Julius Caesar defeat the sea-faring Veneti?
56 B.C.
What sea-faring tribe did Caesar defeat in 56 B.C.?
Veneti
At what battle in 54 B.C. did Julius Caesar defeat the Catuvellauni under the British war king Cassivellaunus?
Thames River
What year did Caesar defeat the Catuvellauni under the British king Cassivellaunus at Thames River?
54 B.C.
What British war king did Caesar defeat at Thames River in 54 B.C.?
Cassivellaunus
Where did Caesar defeat the Catuvellauni under Cassivellaunus in 54 B.C.?
Thames River
Of what tribe was Cassivellaunus?
Catuvellauni
What did Julius Caesar use to defeat the Veneti in 56 B.C.?
Scythes
What two years did Julius Caesar cross into Britannia?
55, 54 B.C.
What channel did Julius Caesar cross to fight Cassivellaunus in 55 B.C.?
English Channel
Who defeated Cassivellaunus when campaigning in Germany?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who was almost defeated by the Nervii in 54 B.C.?
Quintus Cicero (brother of Marcus Tullius Cicero)
What year did the Nervii almost defeat Quintus Cicero?
54 B.C.
What tribe almost defeated Quintus Cicero in 54 B.C.?
Nervii
Who saved Quintus Cicero from the Nervii in 54 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who was Julius Caesar’s most important enemy in his Gallic campaigns?
Vercingetorix
Who defeated Julius Caesar’s forces at Gergovia in 52 B.C.?
Vercingetorix
Where did Vercingetorix defeat Caesar’s forces in 52 B.C.?
Gergovia
What year was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix at Gergovia?
52 B.C.
Who was Vercingetorix’s father?
Celtillos
Who defeated Vercingetorix at the siege of Alesia in 52 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
At what battle, after his loss at Gergovia, did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix in 52 B.C.?
Alesia
What year did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix at Alesia?
52 B.C.
What Arvernian chieftain was displayed in Julius Caesar’s triumph in 46 B.C. and executed shortly afterward?
Vercingetorix
Of what tribe was Vercingetorix?
Arverni
What year did the triumvirs have a meeting at Luca?
56 B.C.
Where did the triumvirs meet in 56 B.C.?
Luca
By how long was Julius Caesar’s command in Gaul extended after the triumvirs’ meeting in Luca in 56 B.C.?
5 years
What year did Julius Caesar first attack Britain?
55 B.C.
What year did Julia die?
54 B.C.
What battle was Caesar’s first major clash with Vercingetorix in the year 52 B.C.?
Avaricum
What year did Caesar besiege and defeat the Gauls under Vercingetorix at Avaricum?
52 B.C.
Who did Caesar defeat at Avaricum in 52 B.C.?
Vercingetorix
At what stronghold did Julius Caesar brutally cut off the hands of every male prisoner and starve them as they begged for food in 51 B.C.?
Uxellodunum
What was the final battle of the Gallic Wars, occurring in 51 B.C. where Caesar brutally tortured many slaves?
Uxellodunum
How did Caesar treat the slaves, following the Siege of Uxellodunum?
Cut off the hands of every male prisoner
What year was the final battle of the Gallic Wars, happening at Uxellodunum?
51 B.C.
What chieftains, of the Carduci and Senones, respectively, did Caesar defeat at the siege of Uxellodunum in 51 B.C.?
Lucterius, Drapes
What tribe was behind Lucterius at Uxellodunum when Caesar sieged them in 51 B.C.?
Carduci
What tribe was behind Drapes at Uxellodunum when Caesar sieged them in 51 B.C.?
Senones
Who aided Caesar in defeating the Veneti in 56 B.C. by improvising scythes on long poles to cut the enemy rigging on the seas?
Decimus Iunius Brutus
What tribe did Decimus Iunius Brutus aid Caesar in defeating in 56 B.C.?
Veneti
Who did Decimus Iunius Brutus aid in defeating the Veneti in 56 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What weapons did Decimus Iunius Brutus improve which would be used to cut the Veneti’s rigging?
Scythes
Where was Julia (Caesar’s daughter) buried?
Campus Martius
Following Avaricum and preluding Alesia, where did Vercingetorix attack Julius Caesar in 52 B.C. but was repelled by Germanic cavalry which saved the Romans?
Dijon
What saved the Romans from being defeated at the battle of Dijon in 52 B.C.?
Germanic cavalry
What year was the battle of Dijon?
52 B.C.
Who attacked Julius Caesar at Dijon in 52 B.C. but was repelled by Germanic cavalry which saved the Romans?
Vercingetorix
In 57 B.C. where did Julius Caesar wait for the Belgae’s supplies to run out, leading to them dispersing before there was even a battle?
Aisne
What year did Caesar wait for the Belgae’s supplies to run out at Aisne, leading to them dispersing before there was even a battle?
57 B.C.
In 57 B.C., Caesar waited for what tribe’s supplies to run out at Aisne, leading to them dispersing before there was even a battle?
Belgae
Where did Caesar defeat Cassivellaunus and take his stronghold in the Upper Lea Valley?
Wheathampstead
Where was Cassivellaunus’ stronghold?
Weathampstead
What leader’s stronghold was located at Weathampstead?
Cassivellaunus
Where did Cassivellaunus rule over a principality in Britain?
Middlesex and Hertfordshire
What leader ruled over Middlesex and Hertfordshire?
Cassivellaunus
The ingenious strategy of circumvallation was doubly used by Julius Caesar at what battle of 52 B.C.?
Alesia
How did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix at Alesia?
Circumvallation
Who made easy work of all the tribes along the western seaboard from Normandy to the Garonne during Caesar’s Gallic campaigns?
Publius Licinius Crassus
Following Decimus Brutus’ victories over the Gauls, who advanced the to Pyrenees and reduced the small and weak Aquitanian tribes without struggle?
Publius Licinius Crassus
Which of Caesar’s lieutenants aided him in defeating Ariovistus at the foot of the Vosges in 58 B.C.?
Publius Licinius Crassus (son of Marcus Licinius Crassus)
Following the battle of the Sambre (Sabis), what lieutenant of Caesar accepted the surrender of the tribes living on the western seaboard of Gaul in 57 B.C.?
Publius Licinius Crassus
In the latter half of 55 B.C., Caesar crossed the English Channel and landed on the east coast of Kent but had to turn back when what happened?
Ships destroyed in a storm
What year did Caesar cross the English Channel and land on the east coast of Kent but had to turn back when his ships were destroyed in a storm?
55 B.C.
Cassivellaunus laid the foundation of British imperialism by subduing what neighboring tribe in Essex?
Trinovantes
Where did Ambiorix destroy one and a half legions in 53 B.C.?
Liege
Who destroyed one and a half legions at Liege in 53 B.C.?
Ambiorix
What year did Ambiorix destroy one and a half legions at Liege?
53 B.C.
Where were Caesar’s headquarters located in 53 B.C. from which he marched to save Quintus Cicero (brother of Marcus Tullius Cicero) from the Nervii?
Samarobriva
Who won a small victory at Lutetia in 52 B.C.?
Titus Labienus
Who said that Caesar should be handed over to the Usipetes because of his betrayal and brutality towards them?
Cato the Younger
Cato the Younger said that Caesar should be handed over to what tribe because of his betrayal and brutality towards them?
Usipetes
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (Civil War of Caesar & Pompey)
What was another name for Ptolemy XII Auletes?
Ptolemy the Fluteplayer
Across what sea did Pompey flee in 49 B.C.?
Adriatic Sea
What year did Pompey flee across the Adriatic Sea?
49 B.C.
Who fled across the Adriatic Sea in 49 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
For how many days was Caesar dictator in 48 B.C.?
11
Who was elected dictator for 11 days in 48 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What year was Caesar elected dictator for 11 days?
48 B.C.
What son of Pompey the Great was instrumental in beating off Caesar during the siege of Petra in 48 B.C.?
Gnaeus Pompey
At what siege did Gnaeus Pompey help to beat off Caesar in 48 B.C.?
Petra
What son of Pompey the Great aided in beating off Caesar at the siege of Petra in 48 B.C.?
Gnaeus Pompey
What year was the siege of Petra?
48 B.C.
Who was co-consul with Caesar in 48 B.C.?
Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus
Who was Caesar’s co-consul in 46 B.C.?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
What year were Caesar and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus consular colleagues?
46 B.C.
In what year was Caesar sole consul?
45 B.C.
What year did the former tribune Publius Vatinius become consul?
47 B.C.
What temple did Pompey loot from 54-53 B.C. to fund his endeavors?
Temple at Jerusalem
Who looted the Temple at Jerusalem from 54-53 B.C. to fund his endeavors?
Pompeius Magnus
How did Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator die after the battle of Alexandria in 47 B.C.?
Drowned in the Nile
What year did Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator die at Alexandria?
47 B.C.
In what river did Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator drown in 47 B.C.?
Nile
What year did Ptolemy XII Auletes die?
51 B.C.
What adventurer in Egypt made an unsuccessful attempt to collect the money due from Ptolemy XII Auletes to Pompey and Caesar?
Rabirius Postumus
What king of Egypt owed money to Pompey and Caesar, prompting Rabirius Postumus to conduct an unsuccessful attempt in collecting it?
Ptolemy XII Auletes
Ptolemy XII Auletes owed money to what two men which prompted Rabirius Postumus to conduct an unsuccessful attempt in collecting the money?
Gaius Julius Caesar and Pompeius Magnus
Who did Pompey appoint as his consular colleague for the remainder of the year 52 B.C.?
Metellus Scipio (Same one who died at Thapsus)
What year were Pompey and Metellus Scipio (same one from Thapsus) consular colleagues?
52 B.C.
How was Metellus Scipio related to Pompey?
Father-in-law
What father-in-law of his was Pompeius Magnus’ consular colleague in late 52 B.C.?
Metellus Scipio
What year did Pompey become sole consul for the beginning of the year?
52 B.C.
What year did Pompey and the Senate try to force Julius Caesar to lay down his command because his 5-year extended command ended?
50 B.C.
What were the dates of the Civil War of Caesar?
49-45 B.C.
What was the exact date that Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon?
January 10, 49 B.C.
What river did Caesar cross on January 10, 49 B.C.?
Rubicon
What did Julius Caesar say when he crossed the Rubicon?
Alea iacta est
What is the meaning of Caesar’s phrase “Alea iacta est” which he said when crossing the Rubicon?
The die is cast
What does “Alea iacta est” mean?
The die is cast
What year was the Senatus Consultum Ultimum passed against Julius Caesar?
49 B.C.
What year was the battle of Ilerda?
49 B.C.
At what battle did Julius Caesar march to Spain and defeat Pompey’s commanders, Lucius Afranius and Marcus Petreius, in 49 B.C.?
Ilerda
What two legates of Pompey led the Spaniards at the battle of Ilerda in 49 B.C.?
Lucius Afranius and Marcus Petreius
Whose army was led by Lucius Afranius and Marcus Petreius at the battle of Ilerda in 49 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What ex-tribune of Caesar was defeated and killed by Attius Varus and Juba I at the battle of Bagradas Valley in 49 B.C.?
Scribonius Curio
Where did Attius Varus serve as governor?
Africa
Where did Juba I serve as king?
Numidia
What year was the battle of Bagradas Valley where Attius Varus and Juba I defeated Scribonius Curio?
49 B.C.
What African governor and Numidian king defeated the ex-tribune of Caesar, Scribonius Curio, at the battle of Bagradas Valley in 49 B.C.?
Attius Varus and Juba I
Who did Fulvia marry after Clodius Pulcher died in 52 B.C.?
Scribonius Curio
List, in order, the 3 husbands of Fulvia.
Clodius Pulcher, Scribonius Curio, Mark Antony
What optimate consul in 50 B.C. tried to pass a Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Caesar, which Scribonius Curio vetoed?
Gaius Marcellus
Who vetoed Gaius Marcellus’ Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Caesar in 50 B.C.?
Scribonius Curio
What year did Gaius Marcellus try to pass a Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Caesar, which Scribonius Curio vetoed?
50 B.C.
What consul of 50 B.C. again pressed for Caesar’s early recall; this time Pompey now declared himself in favor of giving Caesar no less, but also no more than his legal due?
Gaius Marcellus
When Gaius Marcellus pressed for Caesar’s early recall for a second time, what man declared himself in favor of giving Caesar no less, but also no more than his legal due?
Pompeius Magnus
What consul of 51 B.C. made a counter proposal to Caesar’s request to have a prolonged stay in Gaul to the end of 49 B.C.?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
What former quaestor of Marcus Licinius Crassus in 51 B.C. beat off the remnants of Orodes II’s former army as they tried to invade Syria?
Gaius Cassius Longinus
The former quaestor of 51 B.C., Gaius Cassius Longinus, beat off the remnants of what king whose army tried to invade Syria?
Orodes II
What year did the former quaestor, Gaius Cassius, beat off the remnants of Orodes II’s army as they tried to invade Syria?
51 B.C.
What governor of Africa, along with Juba I, defeated Scribonius Curio at the battle of Bagradas Valley in 49 B.C.?
Attius Varus
What Numidian king, along with Attius Varus, defeated Scribonius Curio at the Battle of Bagradas Valley in 49 B.C.?
Juba I
What year was the battle of Dyrrachium?
48 B.C.
At what battle of 48 B.C. did Pompey defeat Caesar?
Dyrrachium
What year was the battle of Pharsalus?
48 B.C.
Hoc voluērunt were Julius Caesar’s words after what battle in 48 B.C.?
Pharsalus
What did Caesar say after the battle of Pharsalus? (in Latin)
Hoc voluerunt
What do the words “Hoc voluerunt” mean?
They wanted this
Who was Caesar’s co-consul in 44 B.C.?
Mark Antony
What year was Gaius Julius Caesar assassinated?
44 B.C.
What does the quote by Metellus Scipio “imperator se bene habet” mean? (Said at Thapsus in 46 B.C.)
All is well with the general
Who commemorated his victory in a curiously hybrid coinage showing on one side a Parthian horse of Arab type with a quiver?
Quintus Labienus (son of Titus Labienus)
Who spoke the words “Imperator se bene habet” at Thapsus in 46 B.C. as he was mortally wounded?
Metellus Scipio
At what battle did the commander Metellus Scipio say “imperator se bene habet” in 46 B.C.?
Thapsus
What year did Metellus Scipio say “Imperator se bene habet” at Thapsus?
46 B.C.
What mortally wounded general exclaimed “imperator se bene habet” in an attempt to encourage his troops to defeat Caesar at Thapsus?
Metellus Scipio
What year did Caesar speak the words “Hoc voluerunt” after Pharsalus?
48 B.C.
At what battle of 48 B.C. did Julius Caesar decisively defeat Pompey?
Pharsalus
What future Triumvire aided Julius Caesar at Pharsalus?
Mark Antony
After what battle did Pompey flee to Alexandria, Egypt in 48 B.C.?
Pharsalus
Where did Pompey the Great die in 48 B.C.?
Pelusium, Egypt
What year did Pompey the Great die at Pelusium, Egypt?
48 B.C.
On the orders of what Egyptian king was Pompey assassinated upon his arrival at Alexandria?
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
What year was the Second Battle of Zela?
47 B.C.
Who did Julius Caesar defeat at the second battle of Zela in 47 B.C.?
Pharnaces II
At what battle did Caesar defeat Pharnaces II?
Zela
What Numidian king aided Caesar at the battle of Thapsus in 46 B.C.?
Juba I
At what battle did Juba I aid Caesar in 46 B.C.?
Thapsus
What year did Juba I aid Caesar at the battle of Thapsus?
46 B.C.
Who led the remnants of Pompey’s army at Thapsus in 46 B.C.?
Metellus Scipio
Whose remnants of an army did Metellus Scipio lead at Thapsus in 46 B.C.?
Pompeius Magnus
What year did Cato the Younger commit suicide at Utica?
46 B.C.
Who said in the year 46 B.C. “O Cato, I envy you your death; you denied me the chance to spare your life”?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What year did Caesar say “O Cato, I envy you your death; you denied me the chance to spare your life”?
46 B.C.
What famous words did Caesar say after Cato the Younger’s death?
O Cato, I envy you your death; you denied me the chance to spare your life
Where did Cato the Younger commit suicide in 46 B.C.?
Utica
What year was the battle of Munda?
45 B.C.
At what battle did Caesar defeat Pompey’s sons in 45 B.C.?
Munda
What son of Pompey did Julius Caesar defeat at Munda in 45 B.C.?
Gnaeus Pompey
Sextus Pompey did not fight at the battle of Munda because he was commanding a garrison where?
Corduba
What son of Pompey was busy commanding a garrison at Corduba which is why he did not fight at Munda in 45 B.C.?
Sextus Pompey
What Mauretanian king assisted Julius Caesar at the battle of Munda in 45 B.C.?
Bogud
At what battle did the Mauretanian king Bogud assist Julius Caesar against Pompey’s sons in 45 B.C.?
Munda
Whose sons did Caesar defeat with the help of Bogud in 45 B.C. at Munda?
Pompeius Magnus
What were the years Caesar was elected consul?
59, 48, 46, 45, and 44 B.C.
What were the years Caesar was elected dictator?
49, 47, 46, 45, and 44 B.C.
How many times was Caesar elected consul?
5
How many times was Caesar elected dictator?
5
What was Cato the Younger also called, derived from the city at which he killed himself in 46 B.C.?
Cato Uticensis
Who was the first wife of Cato the Younger?
Atilia
Who was the second and final wife of Cato the Younger?
Marcia
Who was the mother of Cato the Younger?
Livia
Who was Cato the Younger’s half-brother and childhood companion?
Servilius Caepio
How was Servilius Caepio related to Cato the Younger?
Half-brother
After what quick battle of 47 B.C. against Pharnaces II did Julius Caesar use the phrase “Veni, Vidi, Vici” in a letter to the Roman Senate?
Zela
What does “Veni, Vidi, Vici” mean?
I came, I saw, I conquered
What famous Roman orator did Caesar unsuccessfully attempt to win over to his side?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
With the help of what Alexandrian astronomer did Julius Caesar revise the calendar in 46 B.C.?
Sosigenes
After the battle of Pharsalus, what officer was sent by Caesar to expel Pharnaces but was defeated after Pharnaces set up a position near Nicopolis?
Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus
After the battle of Pharsalus, Caesar sent Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus to expel whom, but was defeated after this man set up a position near Nicopolis?
Pharnaces II
In 48 B.C. what young orator and politician’s rebellion did Servilius put down for Caesar?
Caelius Rufus
What year was Caelius Rufus apart of a rebellion?
48 B.C.
What man put down the rebellion of Caelius Rufus for Caesar in 48 B.C.?
Servilius
What year was Caelius Rufus killed?
48 B.C.
What former protege of Marcus Licinius Crassus and Cicero rebelled in 48 B.C. but was put down by Servilius?
Caelius Rufus
Who were the two tribunes of 49 B.C.? (The two mentioned in Heichelheim)
Mark Antony and Quintus Cassius
What year did Mark Antony and Quintus Cassius serve as tribunes together?
49 B.C.
At what battle of 46 B.C. did Titus Labienus defeat Caesar? Before this battle, Caesar allegedly said “I have you now, Africa”.
Ruspina
Who defeated Caesar at Ruspina in 46 B.C.?
Titus Labienus
Who was defeated by Titus Labienus at Ruspina in 46 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What did Caesar allegedly say before the battle of Ruspina in 46 B.C.?
I have you now, Africa
What year was the battle of Ruspina?
46 B.C.
How did Cato the Younger die at Thapsus in 46 B.C.?
Fell on his sword
What tribune was lynched at the funeral of Julius Caesar after being mistaken for an unrelated Cornelius Cinna who had spoken out in support of the dictator’s assassins in 44 B.C.?
Helvius Cinna
What two men, one a eunuch chamberlain of Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, and the other the rhetoric tutor of Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, suggested that Pompey be killed upon his arrival in Alexandria?
Pothinus and Theodotus
Who ordered that Pompey be decapitated and later presented the severed head to Julius Caesar?
Pothinus
What Egyptian king did Pothinus and Theodotus serve?
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
What did Pothinus serve as to Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator?
Eunuch chamberlain
Who killed Pompey?
Achillas, Lucius Septimius
Pompey was assassinated on the orders of what Egyptian king?
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
Who was the father of Pharnaces II?
Mithridates VI
What did Theodotus serve as to Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator?
Rhetoric tutor
Who was the head of Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator’s army?
Achillas
What year was the battle of Corfinium during the civil war of Caesar and Pompey?
49 B.C.
Who was encircled and destroyed at the battle of Corfinium in 49 B.C. by Caesar?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
At what battle did Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus make an unauthorized attempt to intercept Caesar in 49 B.C. only to be encircled and destroyed?
Corfinium
In 48 B.C. what young noble’s rebellion did Mark Antony put down for Caesar?
Cornelius Dolabella
What year did Mark Antony put down the rebellion of Cornelius Dolabella for Caesar?
48 B.C.
Who put down the rebellion of Cornelius Dolabella in 48 B.C. for Caesar?
Mark Antony
What year did Caesar revise the calendar with the help of the Alexandrian astronomer, Sosigenes?
46 B.C.
What profession did Sosigenes have?
Astronomer
What Dacian king was Julius Caesar planning an expedition against before his death in 44 B.C.?
Burebistas
What Parthian king was Julius Caesar planning an expedition against before his death in 44 B.C.?
Orodes II
What year was Caesar appointed dictator for life?
44 B.C.
Who was Caesar’s Magister Equitum at first?
Mark Antony
Who was Caesar’s Magister Equitum after Mark Antony?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
What year was the Forum of Caesar built?
46 B.C.
Though he was later proclaimed dictator perpetuus, what year was Caesar made dictator for 10 years?
46 B.C.
For how many years was Caesar made dictator in 46 B.C.?
10
What year did Aemilius Lepidus become Caesar’s magister equitum?
45 B.C.
What temple did Julius Caesar build in the Forum of Caesar in 46 B.C.?
Venus Genetrix
In what forum was the temple of Venus Genetrix made?
Forum of Caesar
What Roman man reformed the calendar?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who was the first Roman to put the face of a living person on coins?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What Roman was planning a campaign against the Parthians and Dacians before his assassination?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What two campaigns was Caesar planning at the time of his death?
Dacia and Parthia
What title did Julius Caesar receive before his assassination in 44 B.C.?
Pater Patriae
Who led the conspiracy against Julius Caesar’s life?
Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
Who was the first wife of Marcus Iunius Brutus?
Claudia Pulchra
Who was the second and final wife of Marcus Iunius Brutus?
Porcia
What is an alternate way of spelling Marcus Iunius Brutus’ wife’s name, Porcia?
Portia
Who was the mother of Marcus Iunius Brutus?
Servilia
Marcus Iunius Brutus loaned a substantial sum to the people of what Greek city and demanded interest at 48% per annum?
Salamis
Who loaned a substantial sum to the people of Salamis and demanded interest at 48% per annum?
Marcus Iunius Brutus
When Marcus Iunius Brutus loaned a substantial sum to the people of Salamis he demanded interest at what rate per annum?
0.48
In what theater was Caesar stabbed to death?
Theater of Pompey
What was the exact date Julius Caesar was assassinated?
March 15, 44 B.C.
What is Julius Caesar said to have muttered after being stabbed in 44 B.C.?
Et tu, Brute?
What does “And you, Brutus?” translate to in Greek?
Kai su, teknon?
What year did Caesar’s third wife Calpurnia die?
44 B.C.
Who was Caesar’s third wife?
Calpurnia
What is known as the Ides of March?
March 15
Who was Julius Caesar’s legatus?
Titus Labienus
What son of Julius Caesar’s legatus allied with Orodes II?
Quintus Labienus
What Parthian king did Quintus Labienus ally with?
Orodes II
According to Nicolaus of Damascus, where is Decimus Brutus said to have stabbed Julius Caesar?
Thigh
According to Nicolaus of Damascus, what assassin of Caesar is said to have stabbed him on the thigh?
Decimus Iunius Brutus
Who was Julius Caesar’s first assassin?
Servilius Casca
Approximately how many stab wounds did Julius Caesar have in all?
23
Who was proclaimed Dictator Perpetuus before his assassination in 44 B.C.?
Julius Caesar
What daughter of Julius Caesar died in 54 B.C.?
Julia
What year did Julius Caesar’s daughter, Julia die?
54 B.C.
Who were the parents of Caesarion?
Gaius Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII
Who was the legitimate heir of Julius Caesar by Antony?
Caesarion
What other name did Caesarion go by?
Ptolemy XV Caesar
Whose most ambitious projects provided for the drainage of the Pomptine marshes and of the Fucine Lake?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What son of Mithridates VI did Caesar send to deal with Asander in Russia?
Mithridates of Pergamum
Who did Caesar allow to wage war against Asander and conquer the Cimmerian Bosporus because Asander “had been mean to his friend Pharnaces” in 47 B.C.?
Mithridates of Pergamum
What year did Asander revolt against Pharnaces II?
47 B.C.
What king of Bosporus revolted against Pharnaces II in 47 B.C., who had supplanted him?
Asander
When Asander “had been mean to his friend Pharnaces” in 47 B.C., Caesar sent Mithridates of Pergamum to conquer what kingdom?
Bosporus
What general of the Roman Republic was Asander at war with during the time of his revolt against his father-in-law, Pharnaces II?
Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus
How was Pharnaces II related to Asander?
Father-in-law
What chief confidant in Equestrian standing of Caesar became a Roman citizen after coming from Gades?
Cornelius Balbus
From where did Cornelius Balbus come before becoming a Roman citizen?
Gades
Who were Caesar’s two chief confidants?
Cornelius Balbus and Gaius Oppius
What man was reported to have dined with Caesar, Sallust, Hirtius, Oppius, and Sulpicus Rufus on the night after his famous crossing of the Rubicon in 49 B.C.?
Cornelius Balbus
Who was Caesar’s consul suffectus in 44 B.C.?
Cornelius Balbus
What wealthy man of Greek origin had assumed the mantle of popular leadership and convinced many people that he was actually a grandson of Marius and, therefore, a relative of Caesar?
Amatius
What man claimed to be the son of Gaius Marius the Younger, which later earned him the nicknames “Pseudo-Marius” and “False Marius”?
Amatius
What year did Amatius calling himself “Gaius Marius” first appear in Rome?
45 B.C.
On whose orders was Amatius murdered, following the death of Caesar?
Mark Antony
On whose orders was Amatius murdered, following the death of Caesar?
Mark Antony
What “false Marius” was murdered on the orders of Mark Antony, following the death of Caesar?
Amatius
What law confirmed Octavian as Caesar’s son?
Lex Curiata
In what year did Julius Caesar refound Corinth?
44 B.C.
What city did Caesar refound in 44 B.C.?
Corinth
Who refounded Corinth in 44 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What proconsul of Gaul unsuccessfully defended Massilia against Caesar in 49 B.C.?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
Which of Caesar’s trusted lieutenants abandoned him right before crossing the Rubicon so that he could bring warning to Rome?
Titus Labienus
Titus Labienus abandoned Caesar right before what event so that he could bring warning to Rome?
Crossing the Rubicon
Before which battle in 45 B.C. did the omen of a palm shoot sprouting overnight convince Caesar to adopt Octavian as his heir?
Munda
Who was convinced by a palm shoot sprouting overnight to adopt Octavian as his heir?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Before the battle of Munda, what omen convinced Caesar to adopt Octavian as his heir?
Palm shoot sprouting overnight
What year did Caesar adopt Octavian (in his will) who was 18 years old at the time?
44 B.C.
What Pompeian general was the only one to survive the slaughter at Thapsus?
Titus Labienus
Titus Labienus was the only Pompeian general to survive the slaughter at what location?
Thapsus
In 49 B.C., Caesar, heading east to face Pompey, appointed what man to take charge of the affairs of the city of Rome?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
What year did Caesar appoint Marcus Aemilius Lepidus to take charge of the affairs of the city of Rome?
49 B.C.
Pliny the Elder thought Pompey was quite equal to what man?
Alexander the Great
Who did Pliny the Elder say was quite equal to Alexander the Great?
Pompeius Magnus
What ex-tribune invaded Africa for Caesar but was killed?
Scribonius Curio
Which general, who fought for Caesar, was defeated and killed in the Bagradas Valley in 49 B.C.?
Scribonius Curio
At what battle was Scribonius Curio killed?
Bagradas Valley
What year was Scribonius Curio killed at the Battle of Bagradas Valley?
49 B.C.
What two provinces were assigned to Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 44 B.C.?
Crete and Cyrene
What two men were assigned Crete and Cyrene in 44 B.C.?
Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
What year were Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus assigned Crete and Cyrene?
44 B.C.
What province was Marcus Iunius Brutus given in 44 B.C.?
Crete
What province was Gaius Cassius Longinus given in 44 B.C.?
Cyrene
Who became consul suffectus in 44 B.C. upon Caesar’s assassination?
Cornelius Dolabella
What Idumaean official aided Mithridates of Pergamum in saving Caesar at Alexandria?
Antipater
Who did the Idumaean official Antipater aid in saving Caesar at Alexandria?
Mithridates of Pergamum
What tyrannicide, who legally held the province of Asia Minor in 44 B.C., was assassinated by a certain Cornelius Dolabella in Smyrna?
Gaius Trebonius
Who assassinated Gaius Trebonius in Smyrna in 44 B.C.?
Cornelius Dolabella
What year did Cornelius Dolabella assassinate Gaius Trebonius in Smyrna?
44 B.C.
What officer was sent to Asia Minor to deal with Pharnaces II, prior to Caesar’s Zela campaign of 47 B.C.?
Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus
After resigning dictatorial powers in favor of the consulship, who became the co-consul of Caesar in 48 B.C.?
Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus
What year did Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus become the co-consul of Caesar?
48 B.C.
What year was Numidia annexed to create the Roman province of Africa Nova?
46 B.C.
What province was annexed and renamed to Africa Nova in 46 B.C.?
Numidia
What general of Caesar eventually defected to the Republican forces and died at the Battle of Munda in 45 B.C.?
Titus Labienus
At what battle did Titus Labienus die?
Munda
What three men did Caesar defeat at Munda?
Titus Labienus, Gnaeus Pompey, Attius Varus
What African governor did Caesar defeat at Munda?
Attius Varus
Who served as the African governor during the Civil War of Pompey and Caesar?
Attius Varus
What year did Titus Labienus die?
45 B.C.
What law did Caesar break by crossing the Rubicon?
Maiestas
How was Caesar breaking the law of treason (maiestas) when he crossed the Rubicon?
Ventured outside his province
Who broke the law of treason (maiestas) when he crossed the Rubicon, going outside of his province?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who, Rome’s greatest scholar, was put in charge of Rome’s first public library?
Varro Reatinus
Who made modifications to Caesar’s calendar in 1582 A.D.?
Pope Gregory XIII
What was July called before Caesar’s reforms?
Quintilus
Octavian was named Caesar’s chief heir. Who was named Caesar’s contingent heir?
Decimus Iunius Brutus
In the summer of 49 B.C. who was nominated by the senate to govern Transalpine Gaul along with an ex-praetor in Cisalpine Gaul?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
Where did Pompey make his headquarters after fleeing across the Adriatic?
Thessalonica
After being given pardons by Caesar in 44 B.C., what position were Brutus and Cassius given?
Praetor
What two men were given the praetorship by Caesar in 44 B.C.?
Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
How many days did Caesar add to the calendar in 46 B.C.
67
After Caesar’s death, what man was going to charge the capitol but was held back by Mark Antony?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Where did Lepidus go to be governor after Caesar’s death?
Gallia Narbonensis and Hispania Citerior
Who gave Caesar’s laudatio?
Mark Antony
Following Caesar’s death, what province did Decimus Brutus take control of?
Transalpine Gaul
Following Caesar’s death, what province did Gaius Trebonius take control of?
Asia
Who was sent to stop Cornelius Dolabella after he had been declared an outlaw with the killing of Gaius Trebonius in Asia?
Gaius Cassius Longinus
In what Greek city was Gaius Trebonius assassinated by Cornelius Dolabella in 44 B.C.?
Smyrna
Following Caesar’s death, what province did Antony take control of?
Macedon
Following Caesar’s death, what province did Cornelius Dolabella take control of?
Syria
After Caesar’s assassination, in what eastern province did Gaius Cassius Longinus put down the revolt by Dolabella in 43 B.C.?
Syria
In what Syrian port did Cassius Longinus capture Dolabella?
Laodicea
What revolter was captured by Cassius Longinus in Laodicea in 43 B.C.?
Cornelius Dolabella
What officer of Pompey was the first to thrust his sword into Pompey?
Lucius Septimius
Where did Aulus Gabinius die after falling ill in 47 B.C. after returning from exile when Caesar recalled him?
Illyria
What town across the Rubicon did Julius Caesar first capture in 49 B.C.?
Ariminum
What temple did Pompey build at his theatre?
Venus Victrix
Who built the temple of Venus Victrix in his theatre?
Pompeius Magnus
What building was started by Caesar and finished by Augustus to replace the Curia Cornelia which replaced the Curia Hostilia?
Curia Julia
On what hill did Caesar give a house to Cleopatra and Caesarion?
Janiculum
To what two people did Caesar give a house on the Janiculum Hill?
Cleopatra VII and Caesarion
What bankrupt young nobleman was paid an enormous price by Caesar to defend his interests, such as vetoing his early recall from Gaul in 50 B.C.?
Scribonius Curio
What son of Pompey can be called “Pompey the Younger”, though he was still the oldest of his two sons?
Gnaeus Pompey
Where did Scribonius Curio fight a preliminary to the Battle of Bagradas Valley, though this time he actually won against Attius Varus and Juba I?
Utica
What general of Caesar defeated Attius Varus and Juba I at the Battle of Utica in 49 B.C. before dying in a battle at Bagradas Valley?
Scribonius Curio
What man claimed that he had simply built a temple with steps attached to it in order to maneuver his way around a ban on stone theaters?
Pompeius Magnus
Fall of the Republic 133-27 BC (Second Triumvirate)
Who fled to Macedon after the Battle of Mutina but was deserted by his troops and then put to death by a brigand chief in the Carnic Alps?
Decimus Brutus
After the shipwreck of his fleet, what man is said to have declared “I am going to win, in spite of Neptune and all.”?
Octavian
As Caesar’s executor, what man began to govern on the basis of laws allegedly detailed in the papers that Caesar had left in which after he appointed people to key positions, cynical Romans called these office holders “Charonites” after Charon, who ferries the dead over the Styx?
Mark Antony
How many sesterces did Caesar posthumously leave to every Roman?
300
Who was the first wife of Mark Antony?
Fadia
What two admirals of Sextus Pompey defeated Octavian at the Battle of Tauromenium in 36 B.C.?
Demochares and Apollophanes
Whose army defeated Octavian and was led by Demochares and Apollophanes at Tauromenium in 36 B.C.?
Sextus Pompey
At what battle did Demochares and Apollophanes lead Sextus Pompey’s army to defeat Octavian in 36 B.C.?
Tauromenium
What year was the battle of Tauromenium, at which Sextus Pompey’s army was led by Demochares and Apollophanes who defeated Octavian?
36 B.C.
In 43 B.C., while Lepidus was in Gallia Narbonensis, two more armies of considerable strength were set in Hispania Ulterior and Gallia Comata under what two former officers of Caesar who were now governors of those places?
Asinius Pollio (Gallia Narbonensis) and Munatius Plancus (Gallia Comata)
Where was Asinius Pollio serving as governor in 43 B.C.?
Gallia Narbonensis
Who was governor of Gallia Narbonensis in 43 B.C.?
Asinius Pollio
Where was Munatius Plancus serving as governor in 43 B.C.?
Gallia Comata
Who was governor of Gallia Comata in 43 B.C.?
Munatius Plancus
Who was the second wife of Mark Antony?
Antonia
Who was the third wife of Mark Antony?
Fulvia
Who was the fourth wife of Mark Antony?
Octavia the Younger
Who was the fifth and final wife of Mark Antony?
Cleopatra VII
How many wives did Mark Antony have in all?
5
Mark Antony shared the cares of his office with what actress?
Cytheris
Who shared the cares of his office what the actress Cytheris?
Mark Antony
What name was given to office holders whom Mark Antony appointed on the basis of Caesar’s allegedly detailed papers which he had left before he died?
Charonites
What freedman of his did Cassius Longinus ask to end his life on October 3, 42 BC?
Pindarus
Who asked the freedman Pindarus to end his life on October 3, 42 B.C.?
Gaius Cassius Longinus
What year did Cassius Longinus ask the freedman Pindarus to end his life?
42 B.C.
What sister of Cleopatra VII did Mark Antony execute at the behest of Cleopatra in 41 B.C.?
Arsinoe IV
At the behest of Cleopatra VII, who executed Cleopatra’s sister Arsinoe IV in 41 B.C.?
Mark Antony
What year did Mark Antony execute Arsinoe IV at the behest of Cleopatra VII?
41 B.C.
Where did Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony join forces in a colorful meeting in 41 B.C.?
Tarsus
To where did Cleopatra VII sail in 41 B.C. on her luxurious barge to meet with Mark Antony while planning to develop a personal relationship with him in order to maintain Egypt’s alliance with Rome and her position as queen of Egypt?
Tarsus
What two people met at Tarsus to develop a personal relationship in order to maintain Egypt’s alliance with Rome?
Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII
What year did Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII meet at Tarsus?
41 B.C.
What year was Caesarion removed from his Ptolemaic throne by Octavian?
30 B.C.
Who was named sole heir of Caesar in 43 B.C.?
Octavian
What year was Octavian named sole heir of Caesar?
43 B.C.
Where was Octavian born in 63 B.C.?
Velitrae
Who were the elected consuls for the year 43 B.C.?
Aulus Hirtius and Vibius Pansa
Who did Mark Antony try to besiege at Mutina in 43 B.C.?
Decimus Brutus
Where did Mark Antony try to besiege Decimus Brutus in 43 B.C.?
Mutina
What year did Mark Antony try to besiege Decimus Brutus at Mutina?
43 B.C.
When Octavian marched on Rome, with what cousin of his did he declare himself consul in 43 B.C.?
Quintus Pedius
How was Quintus Pedius related to Octavian?
Cousin
After a preliminary skirmish at Forum Gallorum in 43 B.C., where was Mark Antony defeated by Aulus Hirtius and Vibius Pansa?
Mutina
Who defeated Mark Antony at Mutina in 43 B.C.?
Aulus Hirtius and Vibius Pansa
When Mark Antony abandoned his siege of Mutina, he retreated across the Alps into southern Gaul to get the support of what two consuls in 42 B.C.?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Munatius Plancus
After divorcing his fourth wife, Octavia the Younger, Mark Antony deposited his last will and testament with what group of people?
Vestal Virgins
After Mark Antony divorced Octavia the Younger, what man informed Octavian that Mark Antony had deposited his last will and testament with the Vestal Virgins?
Munatius Plancus
Who revealed that Mark Antony had deposited his will to the Vestal Virgins?
Munatius Plancus
Who deposited his last will and testament with the Vestal Virgins?
Mark Antony
Who was told by Munatius Plancus that Mark Antony had deposited his last will and testament with the Vestal Virgins, prompting this man to illegally extort it from them and read it at the next meeting of the senate?
Octavian
Who were the two consuls of the year 42 B.C.?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Munatius Plancus
Who marched on Rome and declared himself consul in 43 B.C.?
Octavian
What year was the Second Triumvirate formed?
43 B.C.
Who were the members of the Second Triumvirate?
Octavian, Mark Antony, Aemilius Lepidus
What was the original name of Augustus when he was born in 63 B.C.?
Gaius Octavius Thurinus
Where did Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus meet to form the second Triumvirate?
Near Bononia (modern day Boulogne)
What year did Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus meet near Bononia to form the second Triumvirate?
43 B.C.
On what island did Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus meet to form the second Triumvirate in 43 B.C.?
Reni
What law legalized the Second Triumvirate in 43 B.C.?
Lex Titia
What year was there a preliminary skirmish at Forum Gallorum?
43 B.C.
What two consuls fought against Mark Antony at Forum Gallorum in 43 B.C.?
Aulus Hirtius and Vibius Pansa
Who was Mark Antony’s father?
Marcus Antonius Creticus
On what exact day was the Lex Titia passed?
November 27, 43 B.C.
What sister of Octavian did Mark Antony marry?
Octavia the Younger
What does “Cicero” mean?
Chickpea
Who stabbed Cicero’s tongue after he died for saying mean things about her husband?
Fulvia
What part of Cicero’s body did Fulvia stab after he died?
Tongue
Where did Cicero die in 43 B.C.?
Formiae
What year did Cicero die at Formiae?
43 B.C.
Which speech of Cicero’s was an attack against Mark Antony in 44 and 43 B.C.?
Philippics
Who were Cicero’s “Philippics” directed towards?
Mark Antony
What year was the battle of Philippi?
42 B.C.
Who were the two victorious generals at the battle of Philippi?
Octavian and Mark Antony
What man founded Augusta Raurica (44 B.C.) and Lugdunum (43 B.C.)?
Munatius Plancus
What city did Munatius Plancus found in 44 B.C.?
Augusta Raurica
What city did Munatius Plancus found in 43 B.C.?
Lugdunum
What year did Munatius Plancus found Augusta Raurica?
44 B.C.
What year did Munatius Plancus found Lugdunum?
43 B.C.
At what battle of 42 B.C. did Octavian and Mark Antony defeat Marcus Iunius Brutus and Cassius Longinus?
Philippi
What two men fought against Marcus Iunius Brutus and Cassius Longinus at Philippi in 42 B.C.?
Octavian and Mark Antony
What two men were Octavian and Mark Antony fighting against at Philippi in 42 B.C.?
Marcus Iunius Brutus and Cassius Longinus
Who killed himself after the first battle of Philippi in 42 B.C.?
Gaius Cassius Longinus
Who killed himself at the second battle of Philippi in 42 B.C.?
Marcus Iunius Brutus
What were the dates of the Perusine War?
41-40 B.C.
Which war lasted from 41-40 B.C.?
Perusine War
What 3 men maneuvered Lucius Antonius and Fulvia and put them under siege in the Etruscan hillside town of Perusia during the Perusine War (41-40 B.C.)?
Octavian, Agrippa, and Quintus Salvidienus Rufus
What man and woman did Octavian, Agrippa, and Quintus Salvidienus maneuver into the Etruscan hillside town of Perusia and put under siege?
Lucius Antonius and Fulvia
What two men accompanied Octavian to Apollonia in 44 B.C. while Caesar was being assassinated?
Marcus Agrippa and Quintus Salvidienus Rufus
What was Agrippa’s full name?
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Who commanded the fleet of Octavian in 42 B.C. against Sextus Pompey?
Quintus Salvidienus Rufus
Who was sent to Spain with six legions, but hastily retreated to Italy to oppose Lucius Antonius and Fulvia (Mark Antony’s wife), who had taken up arms against Octavian, starting the so-called Perusine War?
Quintus Salvidienus Rufus
What brother of Mark Antony was pinned up in the Etruscan hill-city of Perusia and sieged by forces of Octavian?
Lucius Antonius
What year was the Conference at Brundisium?
40 B.C.
Where did Octavian and Mark Antony almost fight in 40 B.C.?
Brundisium
What parts of the Empire did Octavian receive at the Conference at Brundisium in 40 B.C.?
Gaul, Spain, and Illyricum (western provinces)
What two men met at Brundisium in 40 B.C.?
Octavian and Mark Antony
What was the primary motivation for the Perusine War?
Fulvia’s jealousy of Cleopatra VII
Where was the second triumvirate renewed in 40 B.C.?
Brundisium
What year was the second triumvirate renewed?
40 B.C.
What battle of 38 B.C. did King Orodes II’s son, Pacorus, suffer a decisive defeat at the hands of Ventidius Bassus?
Mt. Gindarus
Who was defeated by Ventidius Bassus at the battle of Mt. Gindarus in 38 B.C.?
Pacorus
What year did Ventidius Bassus defeat Pacorus at the battle of Mt. Gindarus?
38 B.C.
At what battle of 38 B.C. did Pacorus die?
Mt. Gindarus
What year did Pacorus die at Mt. Gindarus?
38 B.C.
What son of Orodes II died at Mt. Gindarus in 38 B.C.?
Pacorus
Orodes II entrusted his forces to what son of his along with Quintus Labienus (son of Titus Labienus)?
Pacorus
What general of Antony recaptured Jerusalem with Herod the Great from Parthia in 40 B.C.?
Gaius Sosius
In 40 B.C., Gaius Sosius recaptured Jerusalem with Herod the Great from what region?
Parthia
Who aided Gaius Sosius in the recapture of Jerusalem from Parthia in 40 B.C.?
Herod the Great
In 40 B.C., Gaius Sosius recaptured what city back from Parthia with the help of Herod the Great?
Jerusalem
What year did Gaius Sosius recapture Jerusalem from Parthia with Herod the Great?
40 B.C.
After the Conference at Brundisium what did Antony receive?
Eastern provinces
After the Conference at Brundisium what did Lepidus receive?
Africa
When Mark Antony set out for Athens with his bride, Octavia the Younger, he sent who to subdue the Parthi in the Balkans?
Asinius Pollio
When Antony set out for Athens with his bride, Octavia the Younger, he sent Asinius Pollio to subdue the Parthi at what location?
The Balkans
After Mark Antony died, who became the guardian of Mark Antony’s children?
Octavia the Younger
Who did Antony send to drive out the Parthian invaders from Syria, Palestine, and Asia Minor?
Ventidius Bassus and Herod the Great
Who won the battles of Mt. Amanus (39 B.C.) and Mt. Gindarus (38 B.C.)?
Ventidius Bassus
Who did Mark Antony send to assist Herod, who returned to Palestine at the time and was slowly consolidating his position there?
Ventidius Bassus
Who did Lucius Antonius send to pacify Armenia in 36 B.C., to avenge Carrhae?
Canidius Crassus
Who attempted to besiege the city of Phraaspa in 36 B.C. but had to retreat when his commander’s two legions were destroyed by Artavasdes I?
Mark Antony
What eyewitness and lieutenant of Mark Antony helped in the retreat of Phraaspa?
Quintus Dellius
Who was called the “Desultor of the civil wars” due to his repeated switching of sides?
Quintus Dellius
What nickname was Quintus Dellius called due to his repeated switching of sides?
Desultor of the civil wars
Bocchus II of Mauretania is said to have contracted a big loan with what money-dealer?
Publius Sittius
What ruler of Mauretania is said to have contracted a big loan with the money-dealer, Publius Sittius?
Bocchus II
What king of Media Atropatene destroyed Mark Antony’s commander’s two legions while they were attempting to besiege Phraaspa, which led to their retreat in late 36 B.C.?
Artavasdes I
Where did Artavasdes I rule as king?
Media Atropatene
What year did Mark Antony attempt to besiege Phraaspa but ultimately failed?
36 B.C.
To avenge what city did Lucius Antonius send Canidius Crassus to pacify Armenia?
Carrhae
Lucius Antonius sent Canidius Crassus to pacify Armenia in what year?
36 B.C.
Who sent Canidius Crassus to pacify Armenia in 36 B.C.?
Lucius Antonius
Lucius Antonius sent Canidius Crassus to pacify what region in 36 B.C.?
Armenia
What year was the Conference at Misenum?
39 B.C.
Between what 3 men was the Conference at Misenum held in 39 B.C.?
Octavian, Mark Antony, and Sextus Pompey
Because of the Conference at Misenum in 39 B.C., what did the second Triumvirate give Sextus Pompey?
Control of Sicily, Sardinia, and the Peloponnesus
Because of the Conference at Misenum in 39 B.C., what did the second Triumvirate get in return for handing over control of Sicily, Sardinia, and the Peloponnesus to Sextus Pompey?
Sextus Pompey ended his grain blockade
What year was the Conference at Tarentum?
37 B.C.
At what Conference did Octavian and Antony provide each other with ships in 37 B.C.?
Conference at Tarentum
What year did Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII marry?
37 B.C.
Until what year was the second Triumvirate renewed for a second time?
33 B.C.
What year was the battle of Naulochus?
36 B.C.
Where did Marcus Agrippa defeat Sextus Pompey in 36 B.C.?
Naulochus
Who defeated Sextus Pompey at Naulochus in 36 B.C.?
Marcus Agrippa
What year did Sextus Pompey attack Asia Minor which led to his capture and execution?
35 B.C.
What province did Sextus Pompey attack which led to his capture and execution in 35 B.C.?
Asia Minor
What year was Sextus Pompey captured and executed in Miletus?
35 B.C.
Where was Sextus Pompey captured and executed in 35 B.C.?
Miletus
Who did Mark Antony and Cleopatra appear to the Egyptians as?
Osiris and Isis
Whose balsam gardens did Mark Antony give Cleopatra VII in Jericho?
Herod the Great
Where were the gardens of Herod the Great located which Mark Antony gave to Cleopatra VII?
Jericho
Mark Antony’s invasion on Parthia failed because what king of Armenia, after persuading him to attack his enemy Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene, pulled out losing him 20,000 men?
Artavasdes II
Where was Artavasdes II ruler?
Armenia
Who persuaded Mark Antony to attack his enemy Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene?
Artavasdes II
What famous general of Octavian defeated Sextus Pompey at Naulochus in 36 B.C.?
Marcus Agrippa
Who prevented the grain supply on Sicily from reaching Rome around 36 B.C.?
Sextus Pompey
Sextus Pompey prevented the grain supply of what province from reaching Rome in 36 B.C.?
Sicily
What year did Mark Antony divorce Octavia?
32 B.C.
Like Caesar, who had an open affair with Cleopatra VII of Egypt?
Mark Antony
Who famously used propaganda to make Mark Antony look bad?
Octavian
Who were the children of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt?
Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene, Ptolemy Philadelphus
Which two children of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII were twins?
Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene
What was the exact date of the Battle of Actium?
September 2, 31 B.C.
Who commanded the right wing of Octavian’s army at the battle of Actium 31 B.C.?
Marcus Lurius
Marcus Lurius commanded the right wing of Octavian’s army at what battle of 31 B.C.?
Actium
Marcus Lurius commanded which wing of Octavian’s army at Actium in 31 B.C.?
Right wing
Who commanded the left wing of Octavian’s army at the battle of Actium in 31 B.C.?
Arruntius
Arruntius commanded the left wing of Octavian’s army at what battle of 31 B.C.?
Actium
Arruntius commanded which wing of Octavian’s army at the battle of Actium in 31 B.C.?
Left wing
Whose army’s wings were commanded by Marcus Lurius and Arruntius at the battle of Actium in 31 B.C.?
Octavian
What man had full command of the entire conflict on the sea at the battle of Actium in 31 B.C.?
Marcus Agrippa
Who were Mark Antony’s admirals at the battle of Actium?
Gaius Sosius and Gellius Publicola
Whose army was commanded by Gaius Sosius and Gellius Publicola at the battle of Actium in 31 B.C.?
Mark Antony
What year did Gellius Publicola (commander of Antony at Actium) serve as consul with Marcus Cocceius Nerva?
36 B.C.
Who served as consul with Gellius Publicola in 36 B.C.?
Marcus Cocceius Nerva
Who served as consul with Marcus Cocceius Nerva in 36 B.C.?
Gellius Publicola
What two men served as consular colleagues in 36 B.C.?
Gellius Publicola and Marcus Cocceius Nerva
What man served under Mark Antony but refused to fight Octavian, bringing about a truce between the two men?
Marcus Cocceius Nerva
How did Mark Antony commit suicide in 30 B.C.?
Fell on his sword
How did Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII die?
Suicide
Mark Antony’s daughter, Antonia the Elder, married what man?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (Grandfather of Nero)
What daughter of Mark Antony married Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus?
Antonia the Elder (Grandmother of Nero)
Who were the parents of Sextus Pompey?
Pompeius Magnus and Mucia Tertia
Who was the wife of Sextus Pompey?
Scribonia (not same as Augustus’ second wife)
Son of Neptune was a title that what man had bestowed upon himself?
Sextus Pompey
What Roman deity did Sextus Pompey take to calling himself?
Neptune
What title did Sextus Pompey bestow upon himself, perhaps in reference to his success in sea battles?
Son of Neptune
Who was the first husband of Atia (Octavian’s mother)?
Gaius Octavius
Who was the second husband of Atia (Octavian’s mother)?
Marcius Philippus
Who was the mother of Octavian?
Atia
Who was the father of Octavian?
Gaius Octavius
Where did Agrippa defeat Sextus Pompey before defeating him again at Naulochus?
Mylae
Who defeated Sextus Pompey at Mylae before defeating him again at Naulochus in 36 B.C.?
Marcus Agrippa
What year did Marcus Agrippa defeat Sextus Pompey at Mylae?
36 B.C.
Whose death signaled the end of the Ptolemies who had ruled Egypt for 300 years?
Cleopatra VII
Who unsuccessfully fought against Gnaeus and Sextus Pompey in Spain and was replaced by Asinius Pollio, however, this man later had a triumph in Rome in 29 B.C. for defeating the Suebi?
Gaius Carrinas
Who replaced Gaius Carrinas in Spain?
Asinius Pollio
Who did Asinius Pollio replace in Spain?
Gaius Carrinas
What year did Gaius Carrinas celebrate a triumph against the Suebi?
29 B.C.
Against what tribe did Gaius Carrinas celebrate a triumph in 29 B.C.?
Suebi
Who celebrated a triumph against the Suebi in 29 B.C.?
Gaius Carrinas
What three knights did Octavian raise an army with to face Mark Antony and Aemilius Lepidus?
Marcus Agrippa, Quintus Salvidienus Rufus, Maecenas
Octavian raised an army with Marcus Agrippa, Salvidienus and Maecenas to face what two men?
Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
What woman protested the triumvirs’ policy to tax the women of Rome?
Hortensia
From 44-43 B.C. Marcus Iunius Brutus sieged Apollonia and the troops of what commander, whose troops then deserted him?
Gaius Antonius
What man went up against Marcus Iunius Brutus while he was sieging Apollonia from 44-43 B.C.?
Gaius Antonius
What city did Marcus Iunius Brutus siege from 44-43 B.C.?
Apollonia
From 44-43 B.C., what man sieged Apollonia?
Marcus Iunius Brutus
From what years was Marcus Iunius Brutus sieging Apollonia?
44-43 B.C.
During the Conference at Tarentum in 37 B.C., where was Marcus Agrippa training a new fleet which he had turned into a naval harbor?
Lake Avernus
What name did Marcus Agrippa give to the Lake Avernus when he turned it into a naval harbor?
Portus Iulius
Where did Ventidius Bassus defeat the Parthians in 39 B.C.?
Mt. Amanus
What people did Ventidius Bassus defeat at Mt. Amanus in 39 B.C.?
Parthians
What year did Ventidius Bassus defeat the Parthians at Mt. Amanus?
39 B.C.
Who defeated the Parthians at the battle of Mt. Amanus in 39 B.C.?
Ventidius Bassus
The Roman fleet on Lake Avernus was constructed in preparation for conflict with what man, who had escaped death at Munda and used his naval superiority to restrict the 2nd Triumvirate’s access to grain until he was defeated at Naulochus in 36 B.C.?
Sextus Pompey
Before the battle of Naulochus, Sextus Pompey defeated Octavian decisively at what site near Messana?
Tauromenium
Who defeated Octavian at Tauromenium in 36 B.C.?
Sextus Pompey
Who was defeated by Sextus Pompey at Tauromenium in 36 B.C.?
Octavian
Who was the mother of Clodia Pulchra? (Octavian’s first wife)
Fulvia
What daughter of Fulvia did Octavian later take as his first wife?
Clodia Pulchra
To what son of Mark Antony and Fulvia did Octavian betroth his 2-year-old daughter, Julia?
Antyllus
At what age was Augustus’ daughter, Julia, betrothed to Antyllus, the son of Mark Antony and Fulvia?
2
Who were the parents of Antyllus?
Mark Antony and Fulvia
After Octavian convinced Lepidus’ troops to desert him and had all of his titles stripped (with the exception of Pontifex Maximus), to what seaside town in Latium did Lepidus retire in 43 B.C.?
Circeii
What year did Lepidus retire to Circeii after having all of his titles stripped (except for Pontifex Maximus)?
43 B.C.
In 43 B.C., all but which of Lepidus’ titles were stripped?
Pontifex Maximus
After having all but one of his titles (Pontifex Maximus) stripped of him, who retired to Circeii in 43 B.C.?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Who was the younger son of Mark Antony and Fulvia?
Iullus Antonius
Who was the older son of Mark Antony and Fulvia?
Antyllus
Who were the two sons of Mark Antony and Fulvia?
Antyllus and Iullus Antonius
Where did Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus meet in 43 B.C. to form the Second Triumvirate?
Bononia (Boulogne)
What year did Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus meet at Bononia to form the Second Triumvirate?
43 B.C.
What area did Caesar give to the public for use in his will?
His gardens
Who stated in his will that his gardens were meant to be for public use after his death?
Gaius Julius Caesar
What harpoon-like device did Mark Antony use to defeat Sextus Pompey at Naulochus?
Harpax
At what battle did Mark Antony make use of the “Harpax” to defeat Sextus Pompey?
Naulochus
Who made use of the “Harpax” at the battle of Naulochus to defeat Sextus Pompey?
Mark Antony
Marcus Iunius Brutus’ troops declared him Imperator after his victory over what Thracian tribe in 43 B.C.?
Bessi
What year did Marcus Iunius Brutus defeat the Bessi?
43 B.C.
Who had a victory over the Bessi in 43 B.C.?
Marcus Iunius Brutus
As what Greek god and goddess did Mark Antony and Cleopatra proclaim themselves to be in favor of the Greeks?
Dionysus and Aphrodite
As what Egyptian god and goddess did Mark Antony and Cleopatra proclaim themselves to be in favor of the Egyptians?
Osiris and Isis
What father of his did Phraates IV murder?
Orodes II
What son of Orodes II murdered him?
Phraates IV
Who succeeded his father Orodes II after murdering him?
Phraates IV
Who was the first foreign consul in 40 B.C.?
Cornelius Balbus
In what year did Octavian refound Carthage?
29 B.C.
What city did Octavian refound in 29 B.C.?
Carthage
Who refounded Carthage in 29 B.C.?
Octavian
What sundial did Octavian construct?
Horologium Augusti
Many Roman soldiers and merchants worshiped what Persian god of light?
Mithras
What year was the temple of Mars Ultor built?
42 B.C.
What temple was built in 42 B.C.?
Mars Ultor
What battle was Mars Ultor built to commemorate?
Philippi
At what battle did Statilius Taurus aid in the commanding?
Actium
What year did Statilius Taurus build the first permanent amphitheater?
29 B.C.
What former commander at Actium built Rome’s first permanent amphitheater in 29 B.C.?
Statilius Taurus
What structure did Statilius Taurus build the first permanent building of in Rome in 29 B.C.?
Amphitheater
Who was known as the “Prince of Peace”?
Octavian
In what year was the Temple of Janus closed for the third time?
29 B.C.
After what battle was the Temple of Janus closed for the third time in 29 B.C.?
Actium
Whose attack did Sextus Pompey beat off in 42 B.C. before the Battle of Philippi?
Octavian
After being proscribed in 43 B.C., what province did Sextus Pompey take control of with Caesar’s ships?
Sicily
Who used Caesar’s fleet to invade Sicily in 43 B.C.?
Sextus Pompey
What year did Sextus Pompey use Caesar’s fleet to invade Sicily?
43 B.C.
Whose fleet did Sextus Pompey use to invade Sicily in 43 B.C.?
Gaius Julius Caesar
During the War of Mutina, who was placed in command of the remains of Caesar’s navy?
Sextus Pompey
What title did Sextus Pompey receive when he was placed in command of Caesar’s navy?
Praefectus Classis et Orae Maritimae
Who sent an assassin to murder Cicero at Formiae in 43 B.C.?
Mark Antony
Who did Mark Antony send an assassin to murder at Formiae in 43 B.C.?
Cicero
What year did Mark Antony send an assassin to murder Cicero at Formiae?
43 B.C.
What member of the Second Triumvirate sent an assassin to murder Cicero at Formiae in 43 B.C.?
Mark Antony
What year was Amatius killed by Mark Antony?
44 B.C.
What supposed grandson of Marius was killed by Mark Antony in 44 B.C.?
Amatius
Who killed Amatius in 44 B.C.?
Mark Antony
What woman did Mark Antony officially divorce in 32 B.C.?
Octavia the Younger
Where did Mark Antony commit suicide in 30 B.C.?
Alexandria
Where did Cleopatra VII commit suicide in 30 B.C.?
Alexandria
Where did Mark Antony and then Cleopatra VII commit suicide in 30 B.C.?
Alexandria
What year did Mark Antony and then Cleopatra commit suicide at Alexandria?
30 B.C.
What man negotiated the end of the War of Brundisium?
Maecenas
What conflict did Maecenas negotiate the end of?
War of Brundisium
What admiral defeated the Triumvirs and cut them off from their supplies on the day of the First Battle of Philippi, though he was later reconciled with Antony and became consul in 32 B.C.?
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
What two consuls of 32 B.C. passed a vote to censure Octavian but were vetoed by a tribune on February 1?
Gaius Sosius, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
At what battle did a certain Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus defeat the Triumvirs and cut them off from their supplies on the day of the fight?
Philippi
What treaty recognized Sextus Pompey as the ruler of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily?
Pact of Misenum
What Etruscan town harbored Lucius Antonius and Fulvia after they were forced by Octavian to flee Rome in 40 B.C.?
Perusia
What province did Decimus Brutus take over in 43 B.C.?
Cisalpine Gaul
What Roman abolished the office of dictator?
Mark Antony
What Roman drafted the “Donations of Alexandria”?
Mark Antony
Who, by the “Donations of Alexandria”, was proclaimed the legitimate son of Caesar and “King of Kings”?
Caesarion (Ptolemy XV)
After what battle did Octavian have Caesarion killed?
Actium
What son of Caesar did Octavian have killed after the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C.?
Caesarion
Who convinced the senate to issue a Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Octavian in 40 B.C.?
Lucius Antonius
What year did Lucius Antonius convince the senate to issue a Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Octavian?
40 B.C.
At what battle did Aulus Hirtius die in 43 B.C.?
Mutina
What consul of 43 B.C. died at the battle of Mutina?
Aulus Hirtius
Octavian stole whose army after the other man tried to steal Sicily?
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
In which province did Octavian convince Lepidus’ soldiers to desert, effectively ending Lepidus’ public career?
Sicily
Where did Octavian and Agrippa fight from 35-34 B.C.?
Illyricum
How old was Octavian when Caesar died?
18
What law did Mark Antony pass in 44 B.C. to protect himself from Octavian after he failed in tricking Octavian out of his rights?
Lex Permutatione Provinciae
Who passed the Lex Permutatione Provinciae in 44 B.C. to protect himself from Octavian after this man failed in tricking Octavian out of his rights?
Mark Antony
The Lex Permutatione Provinciae gave Mark Antony control of what two provinces for 5 years instead of Macedon?
Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul
Where did Decimus Brutus flee to after the Battle of Mutina but was deserted by his troops and then put to death by a brigand chief in the Carnic Alps?
Macedon
In 43 B.C., the senate relented to give Marcus Iunius Brutus the proconsulship of what two provinces?
Macedon and Illyricum
In 43 B.C., the senate relented to give what man proconsulship of Macedon and Illyricum?
Marcus Iunius Brutus
Who tried to include Sextus Pompey in the Peace of Brundisium in 40 B.C.?
Mark Antony
Where was Octavian and his two squadrons defeated by Sextus Pompey in 38 B.C.?
Strait of Messina
After his own defeat at the Strait of Messina in 38 B.C., along what coast did Octavian suffer further losses after exposing his fleet during a storm?
Bruttium
Where was Sextus Pompey’s main base?
Messana
Mark Antony hunted down and killed Arsinoe in return for Cleopatra’s subsidies in what city?
Ephesus
In what year were the Donations of Alexandria?
34 B.C.
What title was Cleopatra given at the Donations of Alexandria in 34 B.C.?
Queen of Kings
What title was Caesarion given at the Donations of Alexandria in 34 B.C.?
King of Kings
What goddess was Cleopatra robed as at the Donations of Alexandria?
Isis
What children of Mark Antony and Cleopatra were referred to as the Sun and the Moon, respectively?
Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene
Hortensia opposed the taxation of women due to the war against what two men?
Marcus Iunius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus
The Battle of Actium followed in the steps of Antium and Mylae when they took the prows of enemy ships and put them on what?
Rostra
What wife of Mark Antony was the mother of his two sons, Antyllus and Iullus Antonius?
Fulvia
What man assisted Marcus Agrippa in starving out Lucius Antonius at Perusia?
Quintus Salvidienus Rufus
Who was the commander of Octavian’s land forces at the Battle of Actium?
Statilius Taurus
Where in Rome was the amphitheater of Statilius Taurus built?
Campus Martius
What does the name “Caesarion” translate to?
Little Caesar
What Roman general and governor of Macedon, to whom Octavian denied the Spolia Opima, defeated the Getae, Bastarnae, and Moesi from 30-27 B.C.?
Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger
Where did Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger serve as governor?
Macedon
From what years did Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger defeat the Getae, Bastarnae, and Moesi?
30-27 B.C.
What three tribes did Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger defeat from 30-27 B.C.?
Getae, Bastarnae, Moesi
Who was denied the Spolia Opima by Octavian even though he killed the king of the Bastarnae, Deldo, in single combat in 29/28 B.C.?
Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger
Of what tribe was Deldo the king?
Bastarnae
What year did Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger defeat and kill Deldo of the Bastarnae?
29/28 B.C.
To what temple was the armor of Deldo dedicated?
Jupiter Feretrius
What award was denied of Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger by Octavian in 29/28 B.C. on the grounds that Aulus Cornelius Cossus was consul at the time and not proconsul?
Spolia Opima
Who denied Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger the Spolia Opima in 29/28 B.C. on the grounds that Aulus Cornelius Cossus was consul and not proconsul at the time?
Octavian
From what region did King Deldo originate?
Macedon
How was Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger (victor over the Bastarnae) related to the OG Marcus Licinius Crassus?
Grandson
On what grounds did Octavian deny Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger the Spolia Opima in 29/28 B.C. after he killed King Deldo of the Bastarnae in single combat?
Aulus Cornelius Cossus was consul and not proconsul at the time
At what preliminary to Mutina was the consul Vibius Pansa gravely wounded?
Forum Gallorum
What consul was gravely wounded at the battle of Forum Gallorum in 43 B.C.?
Vibius Pansa
Who led expeditions against the Salassi from 35-34 B.C.?
Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus
From what years did Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus lead expeditions against the Salassi?
35-34 B.C.
Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus led expeditions against what tribe from 35-34 B.C.?
Salassi
