History Comeback - Monarchy Flashcards
Who was the wife of Faustulus?
Acca Larentia
What king of Rome was the son of a Vestal Virgin?
Romulus
The Valerian clan was allegedly descended from what man that came to Rome with king Titus Tatius when the city was founded in 753 B.C.?
Volsus Valerius
The Valerian clan was allegedly descended from Volsus Valerius who came to Rome with what king when the city was founded?
Titus Tatius
Romulus killed Remus when the latter overstepped the former’s boundary line which had what name?
Pomerium
What was the sacred boundary that surrounded Etruscan cities called?
Pomerium
Upon what Roman hill was the Tarpeian Rock located?
Capitoline
Romulus invited the Sabines to Rome along with people from where else?
Antemnae, Crustumium, Caenina
What grandfather of Tullus Hostilius did Mettius Curtius fight alongside?
Hostius Hostilius
Who stopped the Romans and Sabines from fighting after Tarpeia let the Sabines into the city?
The women/Hersilia
Who was the wife of Romulus?
Hersilia
What Sabine co-ruled with Romulus?
Titus Tatius
Titus Tatius was the king of what people?
Sabines
What name did the Romans give themselves to honor the Sabine town of Cures?
Quirites
Who won the first Spolia Opima?
Romulus
How could one earn the honor of Spolia Opima?
Slaying an enemy leader in single handed combat
What king of the Caeninenses did Romulus kill which earned him the Spolia Opima?
Acron
Of what tribe was Acron the king?
Caeninenses
To what temple did Romulus dedicate the spoils of Acron?
Jupiter Feretrius
Where is Romulus said to have been reviewing his troops when he disappeared in a whirlwind?
Swamp of Capra (Palus Caprae)
What senator claimed that Romulus appeared to him after death and saw him ascend into the heavens?
Julius Proculus
What senator attempted to ascend to the throne after claiming that he saw the deification of Romulus?
Julius Proculus
What was Romulus’ deified name?
Quirinus
What term refers to the time where there is no current king?
Interregnum
What were the senators divided into during Interregnum?
10 decuriae
What town was the first to attack Rome in retaliation of the Rape of the Sabines?
Caenina
Following Caenina’s defeat by Romulus, what town attacked Rome?
Antemnae
What king of the Sabines attacked Rome during the reign of Romulus?
Titus Tatius
What daughter of Spurius Tarpeius was bribed by Titus Tatius to open the gates of Rome? (After which, the Sabines threw their shields on her)
Tarpeia
What Sabine champion was bogged down in a swamp by his horse?
Mettius Curtius
What name was given to the lake which Mettius Curtius drove his chariot into?
Lacus Curtius
After the Sabines took the citadel, to what god did Romulus pray as his forces were retreating?
Jupiter Stator
Romulus divided the people into what three tribes?
Ramnes (Latins), Tities (Sabines), Luceres (Etruscans)
Which of the three tribes did Romulus name after himself?
Ramnes (Latins)
Where did Titus Tatius die/ What city killed him?
Lavinium
What did Romulus do in response to Lavinium’s killing of Titus Tatius?
Signed a treaty with them
With what city did Rome sign a 100-yearlong treaty during the reign of Romulus?
Veii
For how many years was the treaty that Rome signed with Veii after the latter’s defeat during Romulus’ reign?
100
During what king’s reign did Rome sign a 100-yearlong treaty with Veii?
Romulus
How did Titus Tatius die?
Stoned at Lavinium
Who, while reviewing his troops on the Campus Martius, was enveloped into a storm cloud and was later deified as the god Quirinus?
Romulus
What was Hersilia’s deified name?
Hora
What name was given to the 1 ruling senator of his decuriae?
Decurio
How long did each of the 10 decuriones serve as interrex for?
5 days
What name was given to the meeting by the interrex to elect a new king which was then ratified by the senate?
Comitia Curiata
What law would give the king his powers?
Lex Curiata de Imperio
Who was the mother of Romulus and Remus?
Rhea Silvia
What were the names of the 7 hills of Rome?
Palatine, Aventine, Capitoline, Caelian, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline
What is Rhea Silvia’s Greek name?
Ilia
Who was the father of Romulus and Remus?
Mars
Who was Rhea Silvia’s father, the grandfather of Romulus and Remus?
Numitor
Who was Numitor’s brother, the great-uncle of Romulus and Remus?
Amulius
Who stole the throne of Alba Longa from his brother Numitor?
Amulius
Into what river was Romulus and Remus thrown?
Tiber
Who recovered Romulus and Remus from the Tiber River?
Lupa (she-wolf)
What shepherd raised Romulus and Remus
Faustulus
Who was Romulus’ brother?
Remus
What hill did Romulus settle on?
Palatine
What hill did Remus settle on?
Aventine
What was the hut of Romulus called which was built on the Palatine?
Casa Romuli
On what hill was the Casa Romuli built?
Palatine
How many vultures did Romulus spot on the Palatine which meant that he had the superior augural sign and had say over where the city should be?
12
How many vultures did Remus see?
6
On what hill did Remus spot 6 vultures?
Aventine
What were the dates of the Monarchy?
753-510 BC
Who was the Vestal Virgin that gave birth to Romulus and Remus?
Rhea Silvia
What king of Alba Longa was the father of Numitor and Amulius?
Proca
Who was the oldest son of Proca?
Numitor
What uncle of Rhea Silvia forced her to become a Vestal Virgin?
Amulius
What two brothers were abandoned at birth?
Romulus and Remus
What were the dates of Romulus’ reign as king?
753-716 B.C.
What lieutenant of Romulus possibly slew Remus?
Celer
Who killed Remus?
Romulus
Why did Romulus kill Remus?
Remus jokingly overstepped the boundaries of Rome
On what exact date was Rome founded?
April 21, 753 B.C.
Who founded Rome?
Romulus
What Roman king opened the city to criminals and other outcasts along with making it so they were safe from arrest within Rome?
Romulus
How many people did Romulus choose to be senators?
100
What did Romulus call his senators?
Patres
What were the 100 senators’ descendants called?
Patricians
What was the personal guard of 300 men made by Romulus called?
Celeres
What does “Celeres” mean?
The swift
Romulus divided the city into 30 what?
Curiae
When there was a demand for women, who did Romulus invite to the Consualia festival in Rome?
Sabines
What man seized the most beautiful girl at the Consualia festival?
Thalasius
While fetching water from the Spring of Camenae, what Vestal Virgin let the Sabines into Rome?
Tarpeia
Who was crushed by the Sabine’s shields after she let them into the gates of Rome?
Tarpeia
What name was given to the cliff which Tarpeia was thrown off of?
Tarpeian Rock
What commander of the Capitoline citadel was the father of Tarpeia?
Spurius Tarpeius
To what god did Romulus adopt the rite of sacrificing to?
Herculius
Which hill did Romulus establish as an asylum for criminals?
Capitoline
How long would it take for a new rotation to begin if no one stepped up to be king?
50 days
Where is Titus Tatius said to who have ruled?
Cures
What Etruscan town did Romulus defeat by employing cavalry flanking tactics?
Fidenae
How did Romulus defeat the Etruscan town of Fidenae?
Cavalry flanking tactics
Who was the supposed son of Romulus?
Aellius (Abillus)
What are two possible names for Romulus’ supposed son?
Aellius, Abillus
Who was the supposed stepdaughter of Romulus?
Prima
What religious cult was Tarpeia a part of?
Vestal Virgins
From where was Tarpeia fetching water when the Sabines attacked?
Spring of Camenae
What Vestal Virgin let the Sabines into the city during the reign of Romulus?
Tarpeia
Who was the most beautiful prostitute in Rome?
Acca Larentia
To what festival were the Sabines invited during the reign of Romulus?
Consualia
Where did Proca rule as king?
Alba Longa
Who held the imperium in Rome if the king was away from the city?
Praefectus Urbi
What king of Rome established the position of Praefectus Urbi to serve as the chief lieutenant of the king?
Romulus
What position did Romulus establish to serve as the chief lieutenant of the king?
Praefectus Urbi
Along with Faustulus, who raised Romulus and Remus?
Acca Larentia
According to Livy, what was the 1st act of Romulus as king?
Fortifying the Palatine
According to Livy, whose first act as king was fortifying the Palatine?
Romulus
According to legend, Aeneas was the founder of what city?
Lavinium
According to tradition, who founded Lavinium?
Aeneas
What historian determined the date of 753 B.C. for the founding of Rome?
Marcus Terentius Varro (Reatinus)
What priest did the historian Festus consider above all others?
Rex Sacrorum
What was the wife of the Rex Sacrorum called?
Regina Sacrorum
What were the three classes of priests in the group “flamines maiores”?
Flamen Dialis, Flamen Martialis, Flamen Quirinalis
How long did it take for a new king to be found after Romulus’ death around 716 B.C.?
1 year
Who did Aeneas marry?
Lavinia
What son of Aeneas founded Alba Longa?
Ascanius (Iulus)
Which of Rome’s hills was the smallest?
Capitoline
What hill was originally divided into Cermalus, Palatinus, and Velia?
Palatine
What hill was originally divided into Oppius, Cispius, and Fagutal?
Esquiline
The Luperci represented which hill?
Quirinal
Who was the god of boundaries?
Terminus
The Tities tribe supposedly represented what people?
Sabines
The Ramnes tribe supposedly represented what people?
Latins
The Luceres tribe supposedly represented what people?
Etruscans
What temple did Romulus consecrate in remembrance of the peace with the Sabines?
Jupiter Stator
What year was the Rape of the Sabines?
753 B.C.
During what king’s reign did the Rape of the Sabines occur?
Romulus
Romulus and his followers plotted to abduct Sabine women and force them to wed Roman men during what festival?
Neptune Equester
What people did Romulus and his followers plan to abduct and force to marry Roman men during the festival of Neptune Equester?
Sabine women
Whom did the Consualia festival honor?
Consus/Neptunus Equestris
Of what origin was Hersilia?
Sabine
The Villanovan culture in ancient Italy roughly corresponds to which dates?
900-700 B.C.
What culture roughly corresponds to the years 900-700 B.C.?
Villanovan
What name was originally given to the Tiber River due to the white hue of its water which had been caused by sediment carried down from the mountains?
Albula River
What was the Albula River renamed to in honor of the 9th king of Alba Longa who reportedly drowned in it?
Tiber River
The Albula River was renamed in honor of what 9th king of Alba Longa who reportedly drowned in it?
Tiberinus
According to tradition, what year had the Olympic Games first been held?
776 B.C.
According to tradition, what ancient institution had first been held in 776 B.C.?
Olympic Games
What Roman king single-handedly slew 7,000 members of the enemy side on his final campaign?
Romulus
How many of the enemy is Romulus said to have single-handedly killed on his final campaign?
7000
What did Romulus supposedly say upon the death of Titus Tatius?
One murder has caused the other
What can the name “Lupa” also mean?
Prostitute
What she-wolf’s name can also mean “prostitute”?
Lupa
What year were Romulus and Remus supposedly born?
770 B.C.
What king of Rome was potentially killed by senators who each removed a bit of this man’s body and hid them under the senators’ cloaks?
Romulus
When work was begun on the city of Rome, what object was found which signified great things for the new city?
Severed head that was still bleeding
During what king’s reign was a severed head that was still bleeding found, signifying great things for the city of Rome?
Romulus
According to Herodotus, the Etruscans were originally from Lydia, but rather than submitting to the Persian empire, they put all their possessions onto ships and fled to the west while under what Lydian king?
Tyrrhenus
Numa Pompilius
What Roman king is said to have been born on the day of Rome’s founding?
Numa Pompilius
What town was Numa Pompilius residing at before becoming king?
Cures
Of what origin was Numa Pompilius?
Sabine
How was Numa Pompilius related to Titus Tatius?
Son-in-law
Who did Numa Pompilius marry?
Tatia
Who was the father of Tatia?
Titus Tatius
What nymph was Numa Pompilius’ lover and advisor?
Egeria
What royal residence of the kings did Numa Pompilius build?
Regia
What king of Rome established the office of Pontifex Maximus?
Numa Pompilius
According to some sources, who is said to have taught Numa Pompilius in philosophy?
Pythagoras of Samos
Who was the father of Numa Pompilius?
Pomponius
What temple did Numa Pompilius consecrate on the Aventine hill?
Jupiter Elicius
On what hill did Numa Pompilius consecrate the Temple of Jupiter Elicius?
Aventine
Who is said to have been the wisest of the 7 kings of Rome because he was advised by the nymph Egeria?
Numa Pompilius
To what duty did Numa Pompilius create an annual ceremony in honor of Egeria?
Troth-keeping
Numa Pompilius created an annual ceremony to troth-keeping in honor of what advisor of his?
Egeria
What were the dates of Numa Pompilius’ reign as king?
715-673 B.C.
Who did Numa Pompilius appoint as the first Pontifex Maximus?
Numa Marcius
Numa Marcius was appointed by Numa Pompilius to be the first holder of what position?
Pontifex Maximus
Who established the ancilia?
Numa Pompilius
What were the ancilia?
Sacred shields of Mars
What were carried by the Salii in a yearly procession?
Ancilia
What priestly college, the dancing priests of Mars, did Numa Pompilius establish?
Salii
Who established the Salii?
Numa Pompilius
Who added January and February to the Calendar?
Numa Pompilius
What tradition of lawful and unlawful days did Numa Pompilius establish?
Fasti, Nefasti
What temple was founded at the bottom of the Argiletum Road?
Temple of Janus
At the bottom of what road was the Temple of Janus founded?
Argiletum Road
During what time would the Temple of Janus be open?
War
During what time would the Temple of Janus be closed?
Peace
How did Numa Pompilius die?
Old age
What king of Rome was advised by a nymph named Egeria?
Numa Pompilius
What expert blacksmith was commissioned by Numa Pompilius to construct 11 bronze copies of the ancilia in order to protect them from being stolen?
Marmurius Veturius
Marmurius Veturius was commissioned by Numa Pompilius to construct how many bronze copies of the ancilia in order to protect them from being stolen?
11
Numa Pompilius commissioned Marmurius Veturius to construct 11 bronze copies of what objects in order to protect them from being stolen?
Ancilia
Marmurius Veturius was commissioned by what king of Rome to construct 11 bronze copies of the ancilia in order to protect them from being stolen?
Numa Pompilius
Who were the 4 sons of Numa Pompilius?
Calpus, Mamercus, Pinus, Pompo
Who was the daughter of Numa Pompilius?
Pompilia
On what exact date was Numa Pompilius born?
April 21, 753 B.C.
What did Pythagoras of Samos teach Numa Pompilius?
Philosophy
Egeria has been associated with what Greek goddess of childbirth?
Eileithyia
What religious counselor to Numa Pompilius has been associated with the Greek goddess of childbirth, Eileithyia?
Egeria
What temple did Numa Pompilius establish which was open during war and closed during peace?
Temple of Janus
What king of Rome constructed the Temple of Janus?
Numa Pompilius
What two parts were the Salii, the dancing priests of Mars, divided into?
Salii Palatini, Salii Collini
What left-handed, crook-handled staff did augurs carry?
Lituus
How many years did it take for Numa’s calendar to go a full cycle?
20
The Salii honored what god?
Mars Gradivus
Of what material was the breastplate which the Salii would wear?
Bronze
Who was Numa Marcius (first Pontifex Maximus) the son of?
Marcus
To what mythological group did Numa declare his meeting place with Egeria to be sacred?
Muses
What son of Numa Pompilius was nicknamed “Aemilius” meaning “Smoothie” because he was such an easy speaker?
Mamercus
What nickname meaning “Smoothie” did Numa Pompilius’ son Mamercus earn because he was such an easy speaker?
Aemilius
What was the meaning of Numa Pompilius’ son Mamercus’ nickname “Aemilius”, which he earned for himself because he was such an easy speaker?
Smoothie
What was the punishment for insulting a Vestal Virgin?
Beaten to death
From where did Numa Pompilius bring the Vestal Virgins?
Alba Longa
What king of Rome brought the Vestal Virgins from Alba Longa?
Numa Pompilius
What religious cult did Numa Pompilius bring from the city of Alba Longa?
Vestal Virgins
Who said that he preferred a life of contemplation and philosophy over being king, when a delegation went to fetch him from a village in the woods?
Numa Pompilius
What Roman king once divulged a spell given to him by Jupiter for controlling thunder and lightning, which required an onion, human hair and live pilchards?
Numa Pompilius
What did the thunder and lightning controlling spell, given to Numa by Jupiter, require in order to conjure?
Onion, Human hair, Live pilchards
What Roman king established the boundaries of Rome, something Romulus never dared to do in case his neighbors saw exactly how much land he had grabbed?
Numa Pompilius
What term denotes the communities of peasant farmers on the land of Rome’s boundaries whom Numa appointed?
Pagi
What king of Rome established communities of peasant farmers called Pagi?
Numa Pompilius
What did Numa name the month of January after?
Janus (god of beginnings)
From what Latin word with what meaning did Numa name the month of February?
Febrare, To clean and purify
Upon what hill was Numa’s house?
Quirinal
What king of Rome’s house was upon the Quirinal Hill?
Numa Pompilius
Tullus Hostilis
Of what origin was Tullus Hostilius?
Latin
How was Tullus Hostilius related to Hostius Hostilius?
Grandson
Who fought in the war of the Sabines during the reign of Tullus Hostilius?
Hostius Hostilius
Which set of triplets fought for Rome?
Horatii
Which set of triplets fought for Alba Longa?
Curiatii
Which set of triplets were victorious in the “duel of the triplets”?
Horatii
Which of the Horatii was the only one to survive?
Publius Horatius
How did Publius Horatius defeat the Curiatii after he was outnumbered 3 to 1?
Divide and conquer (hit and run)
Why did Publius Horatius kill his sister after the duel?
She mourned one of the Curiatii (to whom she was engaged)
What would have been the name of the man to whom Horatia was engaged?
Curiatius
Where did Publius Horatius kill his sister?
Porta Capena (Capena Gate)
What Alban king did not obey the terms that the duel would end the war?
Mettius Fufetius
What town did Mettius Fufetius incite against Rome after he disobeyed the terms of the triplets’ duel?
Fidenae
How did Tullus Hostilius punish Mettius Fufetius after the dictator of Alba Longa went against the terms of the triplets’ duel?
Drawn and quartered (Torn apart by two horse-drawn chariots going in opposite directions)
Who preceded Mettius Fufetius as the ruler of Alba Longa?
Gaius Cluilius
Where did Rome settle the Albans during the reign of Tullus Hostilius?
Caelian
What were the dates of Tullus Hostilius’ reign as king?
673-641 B.C.
What king of Rome was like Romulus because he was also raised by shepherds?
Tullus Hostilius
Upon what hill did Tullus Hostilius build his palace?
Caelian
Who was the sister of the Horatii that mourned one of the Curiatii?
Horatia
Although more famous as a means of humiliation, the practice of “Sub Iugum Mittere” (passing under the yoke) began as an expiative act, with the first documented instance taken by what man for murdering his sibling?
Publius Horatius
What expiative act was taken upon Publius Horatius for murdering his sibling? (give the Latin)
Sub Iugum Mittere (passing under the yoke)
What Alban king is said to have helped the Romans against Fidenae and Veii but treacherously waited to see who would win?
Mettius Fufetius
During the reign of Tullus Hostilius, what city did Rome sack and destroy, transferring their population to Rome thereby doubling the Roman population?
Alba Longa
Under what king’s reign was the population of Rome doubled?
Tullus Hostilius
Who was the king of Alba Longa during the duel of the triplets?
Gaius Cluilius
What king of Alba Longa constructed the Cluilian trench?
Gaius Cluilius
What was the only part of Alba Longa that Tullus Hostilius left standing?
Temples
What king built the Curia Hostilia (Senate house)?
Tullus Hostilius
What was the senate house called?
Curia
At what battle of 650 B.C. did Tullus Hostilius decimate the Sabines?
Silva Malitiosa (Evil Wood)
What year was the Battle of Silva Malitiosa?
650 B.C.
What people were defeated by Tullus Hostilius at the Battle of Silva Malitiosa in 650 B.C.?
Sabines
What king of Rome went to war with the Sabines that did not come to Rome with Titus Tatius?
Tullus Hostilius
How did the gods show their displeasure at Tullus Hostilius because of his ignoring of religion?
Shower of stones on Mt. Alba
For what reason did the gods send a shower of stones on Mt. Alba?
Tullus Hostilius’ ignoring of religion
After a plague had fallen upon Rome, to what god did Tullus Hostilius incorrectly carry out sacrifices?
Jupiter Elicius
What happened when Tullus Hostilius incorrectly carried out sacrifices to Jupiter Elicius?
House struck by lightning (died in subsequent fire)
What “fetal” priest plucked the green plant and ordained Spurius Fusius as the Pater Patratus or spokesman?
Marcus Valerius
What title of “spokesman” was Spurius Fusius given?
Pater Patratus
Who was made “Pater Patratus” in order to swear the oath to begin the battle between the triplets?
Spurius Fusius
Who did Marcus Valerius appoint to the position of Pater Patratus in order to begin the swearing of oaths between the two sets of triplets?
Spurius Fusius
What Roman hero fought opposite Mettius Curtius?
Hostius Hostilius
The Oscan word “meddix” gives us the name of what Alban general?
Mettius Fufetius
Before Mettius Fufetius lost his life at the hands of Tullus Hostilius, Hostilius and what preceding king of Alba Longa sent the Curiatii against the Romans’ Horatii?
Gaius Cluilius
Who killed Mettius Fufetius?
Tullus Hostilius
In what year was Alba Longa destroyed?
665 B.C.
What two tribes did Mettius Fufetius pledge to assist Rome in fighting, though he did not follow through on his promise?
Veii and Fidenae
In what fortification did Gaius Cluilius die 5 miles outside Rome?
Cluilius’ Trench
What animal did Spurius Fusius sacrifice with a flint knife?
Pig
What special officers did Tullus Hostilius appoint to condemn Publius Horatius of treason?
Duumvirs
What was the name of the yoke of submission that Publius Horatius was forced to pass under?
Sororium Tigilium (Sister’s Beam)
Where were Roman citizens sieged in a crowded market which was Tullus Hostilius’ casus belli against the Sabines?
Shrine of Feronia
Tullus Hostilius’ war with what city began on account of reciprocal cattle raids?
Alba Longa
What Roman king professed to believe that it was healthier for the young men to be under arms rather than becoming soft and lazy at home?
Tullus Hostilius
What bronze tablet is the only record of the Volsci’s language, which seems to confirm their Italic origins?
Tabula Veliterna
The Tabula Veliterna is the only record of what people’s language?
Volsci
While passing under the yoke could be used as a humiliation tactic, it was also used in what other case, an act which a member of the gens Horatii had to atone for during the reign of Tullus Hostilius?
To purify one of blood guilt (slaying one’s kin, sororicide)
Ancus Marcius
Of what origin was Ancus Marcius?
Sabine
What king of Rome besieged Velitrae?
Ancus Marcius
What Greek sailor “discovered” Tartessus?
Colaeus of Samos
The Greek sailor Colaeus of Samos “discovered” what harbor city?
Tartessus
The Phocaeans developed trade-relations with what king of Tartessus?
Arganthonius
How many years old is the king of Tartessus, Arganthonius said to have been at the time of his death, though some believe he lived to be 150?
120
How was Ancus Marcius related to Numa Pompilius?
Grandson
Who was the mother of Ancus Marcius?
Pompilia
What king ordered the Pontifex Maximus to copy the text concerning the performance of public ceremonies and religion from the commentaries of Numa Pompilius?
Ancus Marcius
What king of Rome established the fetiales?
Ancus Marcius
What physical deformity did Ancus Marcius have?
Crooked arms
What were the dates of Ancus Marcius’ reign as king?
640-616 B.C.
What infamous dungeon of the Mamertine prison did Ancus Marcius build?
Tullianum
What king of Rome created the plebeian class?
Ancus Marcius
Of what tribe were the Fetalies?
Aequicolae
What king of Rome built the Quirites Trench?
Ancus Marcius
The addition of what forest extended Rome’s holdings to the Mediterranean Sea during Ancus Marcius’ reign?
Maesian Forest
Under which king’s reign is Rome thought to have extended its territory to the Mediterranean Sea?
Ancus Marcius
Before establishing Ostia, what area did Ancus Marcius take from Veii?
Maesian Forest
From what city did Ancus Marcius take the Maesian Forest?
Veii
What were the duties of the Fetiales?
Declared war
What group declared war on the Latins during the reign of Ancus Marcius?
Fetiales
What hill the did Romans settle the Latins on?
Aventine Hill
Where did the Romans defeat the Latins during the reign of Ancus Marcius?
Politorium
What Latin town did Ancus Marcius invade, subsequently incorporating it into Rome?
Politorium
Where did Ancus Marcius establish a saltwater port?
Ostia
What king of Rome built the first prison?
Ancus Marcius
What name was given to the first prison which was constructed during Ancus Marcius’ reign?
Mamertine prison
What king of Rome built the first wooden bridge named the Pons Sublicius?
Ancus Marcius
What was the first wooden bridge built in Rome, which crossed the Tiber, named?
Pons Sublicius
Which river did the Pons Sublicius cross?
Tiber
According to tradition, what Roman king incorporated the Janiculum hill into the city?
Ancus Marcius
Where did the sons of Ancus Marcius go into voluntary exile?
Suessa Pometia
What king of Rome captured the towns of Ficana, Tellena, Medullia and Politorium?
Ancus Marcius
What were the 4 main towns that Ancus Marcius captured during his reign?
Ficana, Tellena, Medullia, Politorium
Which Roman king had crooked arms?
Ancus Marcius
What king of Rome may have been handicapped, as his name means “crooked arm”?
Ancus Marcius
What did Ancus Marcius’ name mean?
Crooked arm
According to tradition, who was the founder of Ostia?
Ancus Marcius
Which two captured towns joined the Latins on the Aventine Hill?
Ficana, Tellena
After the second defeat of Politorium, where were the townsmen settled?
Altar of Murcia
What legal procedure for declaring war did Ancus Marcius adopt from the Aequicolae?
Ius Fetiale
How many days of discussion were to be held before a fetiale would throw a spear into an enemy’s territory, declaring war?
33
What two hills did Ancus Marcius add to the city?
Aventine and Janiculum
What Roman king incorporated the Aventine and Janiculum hills into the city?
Ancus Marcius
How many sons did Ancus Marcius have?
2
Tarquinius Priscus
According to legend, whose cap was taken from him by an eagle, though the eagle returned it on his head after flying around the city?
Tarquinius Priscus
What did it mean when an eagle snatched a cap off of Tarquinius Priscus’ head?
Priscus would become king
Who was the first Etruscan king of Rome?
Tarquinius Priscus
What Greek city did Tarquinius Priscus originally hail from?
Corinth
Who was the father of Tarquinius Priscus?
Demaratus
From where was Demaratus an immigrant?
Corinth
What were the dates of Tarquinius Priscus’ reign as king?
616-579 B.C.
What king of Rome was killed by an axe blow to the head?
Tarquinius Priscus
Who was the child of Arruns Tarquinius?
Egerius
Who was the younger son of Demaratus of Corinth?
Arruns Tarquinius
How was Tarquinius Superbus related to Tarquinius Priscus?
Son
What king of Rome had the original idea for a wall around the city though Servius Tullius actually constructed the first?
Tarquinius Priscus
What king of Rome drained the Forum to build the Cloaca Maxima?
Tarquinius Priscus
Who were the sons of Tarquinius Priscus?
Arruns and Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
Who was the Etruscan woman that Tarquinius Priscus chose to make his wife?
Tanaquil
Of what origin was Tanaquil?
Etruscan
Who was the wife of Tarquinius Priscus?
Tanaquil
When Lucumo and Tanaquil settled in Rome, what name did the former take?
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
After becoming friends with Ancus Marcius, whose guardian did Lucius Tarquinius Priscus become?
The sons of Ancus Marcius
What was the original name of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus?
Lucumo
After Ancus Marcius died, what did Tarquinius Priscus tell Ancus’ sons to do while Priscus seized the throne?
Go hunting
Once successful against the Latins, Etruscans, and Sabines what did Tarquinius Priscus double?
Equites
How many senators did Tarquinius Priscus add?
100 (minores gentes)
What king of Rome added 100 minores gentes to the Senate?
Tarquinius Priscus
When Tarquinius Priscus was going to add mounted troops to the army, what augur counseled against it?
Attus Navius
What did Attus Navius cut with a razor?
Whetstone
With what did Attus Navius cut a whetstone?
Razor
Tarquinius Priscus first captured what town in his campaign against the Latins?
Apiolae
What king of Rome captured Apiolae from the Latins?
Tarquinius Priscus
What king of Rome began the construction of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus?
Tarquinius Priscus
Between what two hills was the Circus Maximus constructed?
Palatine and Aventine
Who killed Tarquinius Priscus?
The sons of Ancus Marcius
Who was the daughter of Tarquinius Priscus?
Tarquinia
What king of the Bituriges formed Gaul into a prosperous kingdom during the reign of Tarquinius Priscus?
Ambitgatus
What Gallic people was Ambitgatus the king of?
Bituriges
What Gallic tribe did the Bituriges dominate?
Celts
Who were the two nephews of Ambitgatus whom he sent to find new homes for their people in order to relieve the kingdom of the growing population that had become too difficult to control?
Bellovesus and Segovesus
How were Bellovesus and Segovesus related to Ambitgatus?
Nephews
During the reign of Tarquinius Priscus, where did the Greeks build a sanctuary which served the city as a port, much like Ostia?
Gravisca
In an unlikely tradition, Demaratus is said to have been driven from the city of Corinth by what tyrant?
Cypselus
In an unlikely tradition, what father of Tarquinius Priscus is said to have been driven from Corinth by the infamous tyrant Cypselus?
Demaratus
Who, known as “the needy one”, was Tarquinius Priscus’ nephew?
Egerius
How was Egerius related to Tarquinius Priscus?
Nephew
What was Egerius known as?
The needy one
Who was the first king of Rome descended from neither Roman nor Sabine ancestry?
Tarquinius Priscus
Tarquinius Priscus was the first king of Rome to be of what origin?
Etruscan
Who brought the practice of augury to Rome?
Tanaquil
What practice did Tanaquil bring to Rome?
Augury
What augur convinced Tarquinius Priscus not to increase the number of equestrian Centuries by cutting a whetstone with a razor?
Attus Navius
Tarquinius Priscus began construction on what two structures?
Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, Circus Maximus
Who began the construction of the Circus Maximus?
Tarquinius Priscus
Two men of what profession were sent by the sons of Ancus Marcius to kill Tarquinius Priscus?
Shepherds
How many shepherds were sent by the sons of Ancus Marcius to kill Tarquinius Priscus?
2
Egerius was the father of what Roman consul?
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
Who was the father of Egerius who died before his son was born?
Arruns
In what area of Rome was a statue of Attus Navius created along with his whetstone and razor buried underneath?
Comitium
Who referred to Tarquinius Priscus’ death as “a most shameful deed”?
Tanaquil
What did Tanaquil refer to Tarquinius Priscus’ death as?
A most shameful deed
On what hill were Tarquinius Priscus and Tanaquil when Priscus had his hat taken by an eagle?
Janiculum
How many men did Tarquinius Priscus increase the three centuries to?
1800
What king of Rome increased the three centuries to 1,800?
Tarquinius Priscus
To what god did Tarquinius Priscus make a bonfire in offering after defeating the Sabines?
Vulcan
What king of Rome made a bonfire in offering to Vulcan after defeating the Sabines?
Tarquinius Priscus
What town was Egerius put in command of after its taking from the Sabines?
Collatia
Which Gallic tribe was the last to migrate to Italy?
Senones
What nickname does Tarquinius Priscus now have which denotes the difference between him and his son, Superbus?
Tarquin the Elder
Tarquinius Priscus drained the forum to build what structure?
Cloaca Maxima
In an alternate tradition reported by several Roman chroniclers, Tanaquil changed her name to what, once she arrived at Rome, which is believed to have been invoked at Roman weddings?
Gaia Caecilia
What Etruscan woman changed her name to Gaia Caecilia once she arrived at Rome?
Tanaquil
According to Livy, the first Tarquins came from Etruria to Rome by what rarely-used, 2-wheeled covered chariot?
Carpentum
According to Livy, the first of what family came from Etruria to Rome by a carpentum, a rarely used 2-wheeled covered chariot?
Tarquins
According to Livy, the first Tarquins came from what region in Italy to Rome by means of a carpentum?
Etruria
Servius Tullius
What protege of Tanaquil took the throne when Tarquinius Priscus died?
Servius Tullius
According to legend, whose head lit on fire but was was not harmed?
Servius Tullius
What did Tanaquil interpret Servius Tullius’ head lighting on fire as?
Destiny
Who was born a slave but became the king of Rome?
Servius Tullius
Who was the mother of Servius Tullius?
Ocrisia
Who was the first man to be made king without the consultation of the plebs?
Servius Tullius
What hill did Servius Tullius live on?
Esquiline
What were the dates of Servius Tullius’ reign as king?
578-535 B.C.
Where was Ocrisia a slave?
Corniculum
According to Claudius, what king’s original name was Mastarna?
Servius Tullius
What emperor identified Servius Tullius as Mastarna?
Claudius
What daughter of Tarquinius Priscus and Tanaquil did Servius Tullius marry?
Tarquinia
Who established temples to Diana and Fortuna?
Servius Tullius
To what two deities did Servius Tullius dedicate temples?
Diana and Fortuna
Who created the census?
Servius Tullius
What were the people of Rome divided into after the making of the census?
5 classes
Where did the people of Rome assemble by tribe after the making of the census?
Campus Martius
What replaced the Comitia Curiata as Rome’s primary legislative body?
Comitia Centuriata
How many sesterces did you need to possess in order to be a senator?
800000
How many sesterces did you need to possess in order to be a part of the equites?
400000
What was the punishment for not registering for the census?
Death
According to Fabius Pictor, how many Romans were registered in the census during Servius Tullius’ reign?
80000
Who settled the Quirinal and Viminal hills and extended the settlement of the Esquiline, which was where this man lived?
Servius Tullius
Who introduced coinage into Rome?
Servius Tullius
What was Servius Tullius’ original name?
Mastarna
On what road was Servius Tullius’ body run over by his daughter, Tullia the Younger?
Via Scelerata (Vicus Sceleratus)
What is the English translation of “Via Scelerata”?
Street of Crime
Who built the first defensive wall around Rome?
Servius Tullius
What was the first defensive wall called?
Servian Wall
What was the Servian Wall made out of?
Tufa
Who was Servius Tullius’ daughters?
Tullia the Elder and Tullia the Younger
Who assassinated Servius Tullius?
Men sent by Tullia the Younger and Tarquinius Superbus
Who was the husband of Tullia the Younger?
Tarquinius Superbus
Who famously asked her chariot driver to run over the body of Servius Tullius?
Tullia the Younger
Claudius said that Servius Tullius had been an Etruscan mercenary working for what man?
Caelius Vibenna
Who was Servius Tullius’ supposed father?
Vulcan
Into how many regions did Servius Tullius divide the city of Rome during the first Census?
4
What goddess was said to be Servius Tullius’ advisor?
Fortuna
What king was said to have been conceived with a spark sent from Vulcan?
Servius Tullius
What mother of Servius Tullius is said to have conceived him with a spark sent from Vulcan?
Ocrisia
What 3 hills did Servius Tullius annex during his reign?
Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline
What annual festival in honor of the household deities of the crossroads did Servius Tullius establish?
Compitalia
What king of Rome established Compitalia, an annual festival in honor of the household deities of the crossroads?
Servius Tullius
What king of Rome made it so plebeians could be considered citizens and could legally marry?
Servius Tullius
What was the Etruscan area between the Forum Romanum and the Forum Boarium called?
Vicus Tuscus
Mars was originally a deity of what?
Agriculture
How many tribes did Servius Tullius reorganize the original 3 into?
20
What king of Rome reorganized the original 3 tribes of Rome into 20?
Servius Tullius
The Etruscan name “Mastarna” seems to be the equivalent of what Latin title meaning “commander”?
Magister
What Etruscan name seems to be the equivalent of the Latin title meaning “commander”?
Mastarna
In what temple did the horns of a beautiful heifer from a Sabine town hang?
Temple of Diana
How many soldiers comprised the new levy after Servius Tullius doubled it?
6000
What king doubled the number of soldiers, bringing the new levy to 6,000?
Servius Tullius
Although conflicting sources say otherwise, during what king’s reign does Livy say Pythagoras came to Rome?
Servius Tullius
According to Livy, what Greek philosopher is said to have come to Rome during the reign of Servius Tullius?
Pythagoras of Samos
The remainder of the 5 classes who were too poor to own weapons were excused from military duties, lumped into a single century and given what name?
Capite Censi (head count)
What king of Rome created the Capite Censi or the “head count”, the people who were too poor to own weapons and were thus excused from military duties?
Servius Tullius
What Roman king consecrated the Temple of Mater Matuta?
Servius Tullius
Tarquinius Superbus
Under which king of Rome was the Cloaca Maxima constructed?
Tarquinius Superbus
Initially, who did Tarquinius Superbus marry?
Tullia the Elder
Because he had no right to the throne, whose reign was based on fear?
Tarquinius Superbus
What were the dates of Tarquinius Superbus’ reign as king?
535-510 B.C.
Who prevented the proper burial of Servius Tullius, claiming that Romulus had done without one?
Tarquinius Superbus
Who built or completed the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus with the treasury of Suessa Pometia?
Tarquinius Superbus
By whom was the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus dedicated?
Horatius Pulvillus
What year was the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus dedicated?
509 B.C.
Who built (finished) the Cloaca Maxima?
Tarquinius Superbus
What was the Cloaca Maxima?
Great sewer
How was Tarquinius Superbus related to Octavius Mamilius of Tusculum?
Father-in-law
What was the Capitoline Triad?
Jupiter, Juno, Minerva
Who did Tarquinius Superbus frame at a meeting in the Grove of Ferentina that Superbus had called?
Turnus Herdonius
Who finished the construction of the Circus Maximus?
Tarquinius Superbus
What king of Rome ordered for Turnus Herdonius of Aricia to be killed?
Tarquinius Superbus
Where was Turnus Herdonius killed?
Grove of Ferentina
What treaty was made during Tarquinius Superbus’ reign?
Treaty of Ferentina
Where did Tarquinius Superbus call the Latin leaders to a meeting, though he ended up coming late?
Grove of Ferentina
What king of Rome was engaged in a war with the city of Gabii?
Tarquinius Superbus
Who was the most notable son of Tarquinius Superbus?
Sextus Tarquinius
What was Tarquinius Superbus implying to his son Sextus when he struck off the heads of the tallest poppies in his garden with a stick?
Slay the leading men of Gabii
What plants did Tarquinius Superbus strike the heads off of in his garden?
Poppies
What did Tarquinius Superbus use to strike off the heads of the tallest poppies in his garden?
A stick
According to legend, who bought the Sibylline Books?
Tarquinius Superbus
Who sold the Sibylline Books to Tarquinius Superbus?
Cumaean Sibyl
Who gave Octavius Mamilius of Tusculum his daughter to marry?
Tarquinius Superbus
What was Tarquinius Superbus doing during the Rape of Lucretia?
Besieging the Rutulian capital of Ardea
Who was Lucretia’s husband?
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
Who boasted during a wine party that his wife was the most virtuous of all the wives of the men present?
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
Who came to Lucretia and threatened that if she did not give in to his sexual advances, he would kill her and a slave, place their bodies together and claim to others that he had caught them having adulterous sex?
Sextus Tarquinius
What woman did Sextus Tarquinius come to and threaten that if she did not give in to his sexual advances, he would kill her and a slave, place their bodies together and claim to others that he had caught them having adulterous sex?
Lucretia
When Sextus Tarquinius made sexual advances towards Lucretia he threatened that if she did not give in, he would kill her and who else, place their bodies together, and claim to others that he had caught them having adulterous sex?
A slave
What did the rape of Lucretia contribute to?
The fall of the monarchy
How many of the books did Tarquinius Superbus ultimately buy from the Cumaean Sibyl?
3
How many Sibylline Books were there originally?
9
What daughter of Tarquinius Superbus did he give to Octavius Mamilius of Tusculum to marry?
Tarquinia
What king of Rome sacked Gabii?
Tarquinius Superbus
How was Lucius Iunius Brutus related to Tarquinius Priscus?
Nephew
Where did Tarquinius Superbus die while in exile in 495 B.C.?
Cumae
What king of Rome began a 200 yearlong war against the Volscians?
Tarquinius Superbus
What town did Tarquinius Superbus first take from the Volscians along with 40 talents of silver?
Suessa Pometia
From what people did Tarquinius Superbus take the town of Suessa Pometia?
Volsci
What king of Rome captured Suessa Pometia?
Tarquinius Superbus
To which two towns did Tarquinius Superbus send surplus settlers?
Signia and Circeii
What king of Rome sent surplus letters to Signia and Circeii?
Tarquinius Superbus
Where was Turnus Herdonius king?
Aricia
An Etruscan soothsayer revealed to the Romans that they would not capture Veii until they drained the overflow of what lake?
Alban Lake
What city was prophesied not to be captured until the overflow of the Alban Lake?
Veii
Who raped Lucretia?
Sextus Tarquinius
Who declared that he was 1 of 300 men who were willing to sacrifice their lives for the welfare of Rome?
Mucius Scaevola
Who was threatened to be killed and placed next to a slave as to make it look like they were having adulterous sex?
Lucretia
How many centuries were represented in the Comitia Centuriata?
193
Where did Tarquinius Superbus and his oldest sons Titus and Arruns go into exile?
Caere
What man single-handedly held off the soldiers of Clusium from the Pons Sublicius in 506 B.C.?
Horatius Cocles
Horatius Cocles single-handedly held off soldiers from what city?
Clusium
What bridge did Horatius Cocles famously defend from the forces of Lars Porsenna?
Pons Sublicius
Against whose forces did Horatius Cocles famously defend the Pons Sublicius?
Lars Porsenna
What three men famously defended the Pons Sublicius?
Horatius Cocles, Titus Herminius, Spurius Lartius
Who led the hostages to freedom across the Tiber but later returned out of Roman honor?
Cloelia
Who were all 3 of Tarquinius Superbus’ sons?
Sextus Tarquinius, Arruns Tarquinius, Titus Tarquinius
What poor town was tricked by Sextus Tarquinius, believing his lie that he had been exiled, only to be overwhelmed when he later opened the gates to a waiting Roman army?
Gabii
Which city’s treaty with Tarquinius Superbus was preserved in oxhide on a shield in the Temple of Semo Sanctus on the Quirinal until the reign of Augustus?
Gabii
Gabii’s treaty with Tarquinius Superbus was preserved in what in the Temple of Semo Sanctus on the Quirinal?
Oxhide on a shield
Gabii’s treaty with Tarquinius Superbus was preserved in oxhide on a shield in what temple on the Quirinal?
Semo Sanctus
Gabii’s treaty with what king was preserved in oxhide on a shield in the Temple of Semo Sanctus on the Quirinal?
Tarquinius Superbus
What chief of Aricia and leader of the Latin League spoke out against Tarquinius Superbus in a meeting and was subsequently killed?
Turnus Herdonius
Where did Tarquinius Superbus place the Sibylline books?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
What did Tarquinius place in the inn that Turnus Herdonius was sleeping at in order to frame him?
Swords
The augurs said that only what god’s shrines were not to be moved?
Terminus
The money of what captured town did Tarquinius Superbus intend to use for the building of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
Suessa Pometia
The money of Suessa Pometia was intended by Tarquinius Superbus to be used for the building of what temple?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
Who assumed the name “Dullard” in order to not be noticed by Tarquinius Superbus?
Lucius Iunius Brutus
What name did Lucius Iunius Brutus assume in order to not be noticed by Tarquinius Superbus?
Dullard
What gift did Brutus bring with him to Delphi as his gift to Apollo?
Rod of gold inserted into a hollow stick of cornel-wood
In what town was Lucretia staying when she was raped by Sextus Tarquinius?
Collatia
How many years did the monarchy last?
244
What nickname was Tarquinius Superbus given in order to denote him from his father, Tarquinius Priscus?
Tarquin the Proud
According to Livy, where in the Forum Romanum was a statue placed in Horatius Cocles’ honor for his defense of the Pons Sublicius?
Comitium
Where did a combined fleet of Carthaginians and Etruscans win a naval victory over the Phocaean Greeks in 540 B.C.?
Alalia (Corsica)
What people did the Carthaginians and Etruscans defeat at Alalia (Corsica) in a naval battle in 540 B.C.?
Phocaean Greeks
What year did the Carthaginians and Etruscans defeat the Phocaean Greeks at Alalia (Corsica)?
540 B.C.
What year did Horatius Cocles famously defend the Pons Sublicius?
506 B.C.
According to Livy, who claimed he had been busy resolving a dispute between a father and a son at Rome as an excuse for being late to a meeting of Latin leaders in the Grove of Ferentina, though this was not enough to satisfy his critic Turnus Herdonius?
Tarquinius Superbus
According to Livy, what was Tarquinius Superbus’ excuse for being late to the meeting of Latin leaders in the Grove of Ferentina?
He was settling a dispute between a father and a son at Rome
