History: Chapter 10 Lesson 2-The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes Flashcards
What two major European states remained democratic?
France and Great Britain
What loss did the Great Depression lead to?
Confidence in civic institutions and governments
What did Authortians take advantage of?
disillusionment to gain political momentum and power.
What happens in a totalitarian state?
Governments tries to control economic, political, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of citizens.
What did totalitarian regimes push?
The central states power far from what it had been in the past.
What did these totalitarian regimes want how did they achieve it?
They wanted more passive obedience; to control the minds and hearts of their subjects. They achieve this goal through mass propaganda techniques and modern communications.
Who led totalitarian states?
A single leader and a single party.
What did totalitarian reject?
Ideal of limited government power and the guarantee of individual freedom.
Who was Benito Mussolini?
He was a fascist dictator and the italian prime minister.
What did Mussolini create?
A new political group called the league of combat.
What did Mussolini advocate in his youth?
Socialism
What is fascism?
Puts the state above the person emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler.
What did the middle class fear?
Socialism, communism, and disorder made fascism appealing to people.
What did Mussolini demand?
More land for italy.
How did mussolini appeal thousands?
Nationalistic appeals
What did Mussolini and Fascists threatened?
To march to rome if they were not given power.
Who was Victor Emmanuel III?
The King of italy.
What did Victor Emmanuel II give in to?
Making Mussolini the prime minister.
How did Mussolini use his position?
To create a fascist dictatorship
What orders were the police given?
Unrestricted authority to arrest and jail anyone for either political or non political crimes.
What did the OVRA do?
Watched citizens political activity and enforced government policy.
How did Italian fascist use their control by mass media?
Newspapers, radio, and film propaganda and said mussolini was always right.
With organizations what did Fascists hope to create?
Promote ideas of fascism. To create a nation of new italism who were fit, disciplined, and war loving.
What did Fascists portray family as?
As the pillar of the state.
What did mussolini try to put under the state?
Italian industries and economy.
What did Mussolini strengthen?
Italian army and engaged in conflicts
What did Mussolini never achieve?
The degree of a total totalitarian control
In February of 1929 what did Mussolini’s regime recognize?
Sovereign independence of a small area within rome known as Vatican city.
What did the Church claim?
They claimed the vatican city
During the war in Russia what did Lenin follow?
A policy of war and communism
What did the government control?
Most industries and seized grain from peasants to ensure supplies for the army.
What did the peasants do when the war was over?
Sabotaged the communist program by hoarding food
What did drought cause?
A terrible famine
How did agricultural disaster hurt the industry?
Industrial collapsed. Industrial level was only 20% of its 1914 level.
What did Lenin abandoned?
War communism in favor for his New Economic Policy
What could Peasants and Retail stores do with this?
Peasants could sell and produce openly. Retail stores that employed fewer workers could be privately owner and operated.
What did Lenin and the communists form?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
What had ended the famine?
Revived market and good harvest.
What did the NEP save?
Saved the Soviet Union from complete economic disaster
What happened after Lenin died?
A struggle for power began among 7 members of Politburo (the communists party main policy making body)
What did the group led by Leon Trotsky want to end?
The NEP and Launch russia on a path of rapid industrialization, chiefly at the expense of peasants.
What did this group believe and want to spread?
Spread communism abroad. Revolution in Russia would only survive with new communist states.
What did another group in politburo reject?
Worldwide communist revolution
What did this group believe?
Rapid industrialization would harm the living standards of peasants and wanted to focus on building a socialist state in Russia and continue Lenin’s NEP
What was Stalin and Trotsky relationship?
Rivalry
What was Stalin free to establish?
A powerful dictatorship and seized all power for himself and curtailed the freedom of press.
How did Stalin make a shift in the economy?
Ended NEP and launched the First 5 Year plan
What did the First 5 year plan focus on?
Production of military and capital goods. The 5 year plan set economic goals for 5 year period of time and purpose was to transform russia virtually overnight from an agricultural to industrial country.
Why did so many families live in horrible conditions?
Numbers of workers increased by investment in housing declined.
What came with rapid industrialization?
Rapid collectivization of agriculture a system where private farms were eliminated and government owned all land and peasants just worked on it.
Why did Stalin step up the program?
Peasants hoarded crops and killed live stock
What cost did collectiviation come with
Widespread famine. Violated human rights.
What did stalin strengthen and what was it’s consequence to ppl?
Violated human rights and sent those who resisted to the gulag.
What happened during the Great Purge?
Expelled lots of people from soviet life, many were publicly shamed. about 8 million were arrested.
What did communists have to do to promote equal rights?
Make the divorce process easier.
What did authoritarian governments want to do?
Preserve the existing social order.
What did Authoritarian regimes replace in Eastern Europe?
Parliamentary systems
Why did parliamentary systems fail in Eastern Europe?
States had little tradition of political democracy. Mostly rural and agrarian. Large landowners still dominated most of land. Powerful landowners, the churches feared land reform and communist upheaval and ethnic conflict.
How did a civil war begin in spain?
Francisco Franco decided to lead a revolt against the democratic government.
Who was Francisco Franco?
Headed spain’s government.
How did Hitler use the spanish war?
As an opportunity to use new weapons of his revived air force. German bombers destroyed the area of Guernica.
What was Franco like as a dictator?
Favored traditional groups and did not try to control every aspect of one’s life he is an example of more authoritarian than totalitarian. He was still harsh and relied on special forces.
