History - Chapter 1 Flashcards
Portuguese traveler who in 1448 attempted to reach Asia by sailing down the coast of Africa to the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa)
Bartholomew Diaz
A series of holy wars waged to capture the holy land from the Muslims and drive them out of Western Europe
Crusades
Portuguese traveler who in 1498 repeated the same trip as Bartholomew Diaz who attempted to reach Asia by sailing down the coast of Africa to the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) then farther east to India
Vasco da Gama
The Norse (or Viking) explorer who is among the first Europeans to travel to the newly discovered lands
Leif Ericson
Italian sailor who in 1492 led an expedition of 3 ships under the flag of a Spain to find a more direct route with Asia. After traveling a month at sea he landed in the present day Bahamas
Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer who led Portuguese and Spanish expeditions along the coast of South America
Amerigo Vespucci
Small bands of private soldiers or adventures who pushed the Spanish claim for land riches in Central America, South America, and the North American southwest.
They killed and enslaved the native populations they encountered, taking control of the land and extracting gold and silver from the New World to enrich themselves Spain in the Roman Catholic Church
Conquistadors
Conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire of Mexico in 1519
Hernando Cortez
Conquistador who brought down the Inca empire of Peru in 1531 through 1535
Francisco Pizarro
Conquistador who explored the Florida Peninsula in 1513
Juan Ponce de Leon
Spanish conquistador who traveled throughout the south eastern region of North America in 1539 through 1542
Hernando de Soto
Conquistador who explored the North American Southwest in 1540-1542
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Italian sailor who explored for the French the New World in 1524 searching for a Northwest passage through North America to reach Asia
Giovanni da Verrazano
French explorer who in 1535-1536 explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the St Lawrence River
Jacques Cartier
French explorer known as the father of New France (French possessions in North America) who founded Quebec in 1608
Samuel de Champlain
English privateer, or Sea Dog, who (with the blessings of Queen Elizabeth) raided Spanish ships and the New World settlements for gold and silver.
He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth of England
Francis Drake
1st British settlement established in 1586 on an island off the coast of present day North Carolina.
Consisted of 117 people under leadership of Governor John White
Roanoke Island
Governor of the first English settlement called Roanoke Island.
His daughter was the first English child born in North America
Governor John White
First English born child born in North America. Grand daughter of Governor John White
Virginia Dare
First permanent English settlement in North America established by the Virginia Company in the colony of Virginia in 1607
Jamestown
English soldier who emerged as a leader in Jamestown and then is to bring order and discipline to a starving, chaotic, fearfulpeople
Captain John Smith
Early settler who developed a variety of tobacco in Virginia
John Rolfe
Southern colony founded in 1634 by the Calvert family of England as a refuge for British Catholics
Maryland
Chartered in 1663 to create a buffer zone between hostile Indians and the more settled populations of Virginia
Carolina
They came a separate colony in 1719 and was settled by planters from Barbados
South Carolina
Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 it between the last of the original 13 British colonies in the North American mainland and the final southern colony
Georgia
The idea that colonies should complement and supplement but not compete with the economy of the mother country
Mercantilism
A group of religious dissenters who left England in 1620 for the New World were the established a colony of Plymouth
Leaving the church of England to be corrupt the settlers intended to separate themselves from the church
They became more widely known as pilgrims because they traveled on a long religious journey called a pilgrimage to reach America
Separatists
They traveled on a long religious journey and were also known as separatists
They crossed the Atlantic Ocean in a tiny ship called the mayflower
Led by William Bradford
Pilgrims
The name of the ship that the pilgrims used to cross to cross the Atlantic Ocean
Mayflower
The agreement that the pilgrims made on which they agreed to abide by laws made by their own elected officials once they reached America
The Mayflower compact
A colony that later absorbed Plymouth
Massachusetts Bay colony
A famous Puritan who was a leader in the Massachusetts Bay colony
John Winthrop
Like the separatists, these people believed the church of England to be corrupt but instead of separating from the church they intended to purify it
The Puritans
Trade routes by which the new Englanders sold rum to traders (both European and African) on the west coast of Africa, with which they bartered for slaves who then traded in sold in the West Indies. From there the colonists purchased molasses which they brought back to New England in order to make more rum
Triangular trade
New England colony founded by Roger Williams and in Hutchinson both of whom religious dissenters from the Puritan theocracy in Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Helped found Rhode Island.
Was banished from the Puritan (Massachusetts) colony in 1635
Roger Williams
Helped found Rhode Island.
Was banished from the Puritan (Massachusetts) colony in 1638
Anne Hutchinson
Established in 1637 by settlers led by Thomas Hooker who left Massachusetts in 1633
Connecticut
Which two colonies were primarily settled by immigrants from the Massachusetts Bay colony with both colonies involved in controversy with Massachusetts over boundaries and their own independent existence
One of these states was eventually absorbed back into Massachusetts
New Hampshire and Maine
A member of the society of friends, or Quakers, who founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681 as a refuge for Quakers who were persecuted and discriminated against in England
William Penn
This middle colony was founded by William Penn in 1681 as a refuge for Quakers
Pennsylvania
A middle colony which was originally settled by the Dutch in new Netherland in 1624 but was later surrendered to the British and New Amsterdam in 1664
New York
He began the settlement at New Amsterdam in 1626
Governor Peter Minuit
This middle colony was created when the duke of York granted land to other British nobels which were later united in 1702 to form this colony
New Jersey
This middle colony was originally settled by Swedish immigrants as new Sweden but was later separated from Pennsylvania in 1701 to function as its own colony
Delaware
A set of British laws governing the conduct of trade and commerce in empire
Navigation acts
The tendency for the British government overlook violations of the law and it’s far flung colonies
Salutary neglect
The British legislative branch of government
Parliament
This region developed large family farms and was often called the breadbasket.
Commercial agriculture played a large role in the prosperity of this colony and one of its Philadelphia would become a major port city
Middle colonies
This region was known for it shipping and commerce
New England colonies
This region was known for tobacco as its principal cash crop and its plantation system for growing the tobacco
Southern colonies
