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History Benchmark Review Flashcards

1
Q

myth

A

a traditional story about gods and heroes

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2
Q

Greek Mythology

A

some created as a way to explain the unexplainable

fiction; but some have a real-world connection

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3
Q

Greek Mythology

Gods and Goddesses

A

numerous gods and goddesses, who ruled over one or more domain.
The gods looked and acted more like human beings than like gods.

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4
Q

Why did the Ancient Greeks build temples?

A

Greeks built temples and held rituals and festivals to gain favor from the gods.

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5
Q

Greeks believe in….

A

Greeks believed in fate and prophecy.

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6
Q

Where was the most famous oracle?

A

Delphi

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7
Q

epics

A

long poems about heroic deeds

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8
Q

Homer

A

Iliad and Odyssey

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9
Q

Iliad

A

epic about the Trojan War

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10
Q

Odyssey

A

the story of Odysseus’ journey home from the Trojan War

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11
Q

fable

A

a short tale that teaches a lesson

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12
Q

Aesop

A

Greek slave famous for his fables

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13
Q

drama

A

story told by actors who pretend to be characters in a story

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14
Q

comedies

A

happy ending

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15
Q

tragedy

A

person struggles to overcome difficulties but fails

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16
Q

Euripides

A

dramatist who questioned war

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17
Q

Sophocles

A

dramatist who used three actors

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18
Q

Aristophanes

A

encouraged audience to think

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19
Q

What is a major part of Greek architecture?

A

columns

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20
Q

Mainland Greece is a…

A

peninsula

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21
Q

Where the Minoans were Greeks,

A

no

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22
Q

The Minoans were…

A

the first civilization to inhabit what would later be known as Greece.

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23
Q

Colony

A

a settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland. Colonization led to the growth of trade and industry.

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24
Q

Acropolis

A

a fortified area at the top of a hill used as a gathering place in the polis

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25
Agora
an open area below the acropolis that served as both a market and a meeting/debating place
26
Greeks were the first people to develop the idea of...
citizenship
27
Tyrant
someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority.
28
Oligarchy
a form of government in which only a few hold power
29
Democracy
a form of government in which all citizens share in running the government
30
Sparta
(oligarchy)
31
Athens
(democracy)
32
Sparta and Athens
two of the most powerful governments of early Greece.
33
By focusing on military training, the Spartans fell behind in (blank) but played a key role in defending Greece
trade, technology and science,
34
Athenians focused on...
providing boys a good education, sports, and music
35
Cyrus the Great (559 B.C. to 530 B.C.)
united the Persians into a powerful kingdom, larger than any in the world
36
Battle of Marathon
Athenians successfully defeated the Persians as they attempted to attack Athens King Xerxes,
37
Battle of Thermopylae
Greek soldiers survived but Sparta’s King Leonidas and several hundred others fought to the death, losing this battle
38
Strait of Salamis
naval battle the Greeks won decidedly with smaller, faster, and easier to steer ships
39
Delian League
group of city-states, including Athens, but not Sparta who united in 478 B.C. to defend themselves against the Persians
40
Direct democracy
People gather at mass meetings to decide government matters and every citizen can vote on laws and policies
41
Representative democracy (U.S.)
citizens choose a smaller group of representatives to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf
42
Pericles
One of the leading figures in Athenian politics
43
The Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 B.C.)
Sparta vs. Athens for control of Greece
44
Who won the Peloponesian War?
Sparta’s new navy destroyed the Athenian fleet
45
Effects of the Peloponesian war
Weakened all of the major Greek city-states
46
Why is China important?
world’s largest population one of the fastest growing economies in the world possibly a new superpower
47
China’s Geography
mountains, rivers, desserts, and swamps
48
Shang dynasty – founded c. 1750 B.C.
the beginning of Chinese civilization
49
Chinese ancestor worship
family was central to society believed departed ancestors could bring good fortune and good luck offerings made even today
50
oracle bones
first example of Chinese writing
51
pictographs
characters that stand for objects
52
ideographs
a character that joins two or more pictographs to represent an idea
53
Zhou Dynasty
Wu Wang led a rebellion against the Shang, and created the Zhou dynasty
54
mandate
a formal order
55
Mandate of Heaven
idea that the king had been chosen by heavenly order to rule; Zhou claimed that principle gave them the right to rule
56
Chinese social classes
aristocrats, farmers, peasants
57
What was Life Like in a Chinese Family?
Family was the basic building block of Chinese society.
58
filial piety
practice that requires children to respect their parents and older relatives
59
Confucius
China’s first great teacher and thinker
60
Confucianism
taught that if each person does his or her duty, society as a whole will do well
61
What Is Daoism?
belief that people should turn away from worldly concerns and live in peace with nature
62
Legalism
taught that people needed harsh laws and punishment to make them live rightly

History Flash Cards (8 decks)

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