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History Flash Cards > History Benchmark Review > Flashcards

History Benchmark Review Flashcards

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1
Q

myth

A

a traditional story about gods and heroes

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2
Q

Greek Mythology

A

some created as a way to explain the unexplainable

fiction; but some have a real-world connection

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3
Q

Greek Mythology

Gods and Goddesses

A

numerous gods and goddesses, who ruled over one or more domain.
The gods looked and acted more like human beings than like gods.

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4
Q

Why did the Ancient Greeks build temples?

A

Greeks built temples and held rituals and festivals to gain favor from the gods.

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5
Q

Greeks believe in….

A

Greeks believed in fate and prophecy.

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6
Q

Where was the most famous oracle?

A

Delphi

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7
Q

epics

A

long poems about heroic deeds

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8
Q

Homer

A

Iliad and Odyssey

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9
Q

Iliad

A

epic about the Trojan War

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10
Q

Odyssey

A

the story of Odysseus’ journey home from the Trojan War

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11
Q

fable

A

a short tale that teaches a lesson

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12
Q

Aesop

A

Greek slave famous for his fables

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13
Q

drama

A

story told by actors who pretend to be characters in a story

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14
Q

comedies

A

happy ending

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15
Q

tragedy

A

person struggles to overcome difficulties but fails

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16
Q

Euripides

A

dramatist who questioned war

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17
Q

Sophocles

A

dramatist who used three actors

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18
Q

Aristophanes

A

encouraged audience to think

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19
Q

What is a major part of Greek architecture?

A

columns

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20
Q

Mainland Greece is a…

A

peninsula

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21
Q

Where the Minoans were Greeks,

A

no

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22
Q

The Minoans were…

A

the first civilization to inhabit what would later be known as Greece.

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23
Q

Colony

A

a settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland. Colonization led to the growth of trade and industry.

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24
Q

Acropolis

A

a fortified area at the top of a hill used as a gathering place in the polis

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25
Q

Agora

A

an open area below the acropolis that served as both a market and a meeting/debating place

26
Q

Greeks were the first people to develop the idea of…

A

citizenship

27
Q

Tyrant

A

someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority.

28
Q

Oligarchy

A

a form of government in which only a few hold power

29
Q

Democracy

A

a form of government in which all citizens share in running the government

30
Q

Sparta

A

(oligarchy)

31
Q

Athens

A

(democracy)

32
Q

Sparta and Athens

A

two of the most powerful governments of early Greece.

33
Q

By focusing on military training, the Spartans fell behind in (blank) but played a key role in defending Greece

A

trade, technology and science,

34
Q

Athenians focused on…

A

providing boys a good education, sports, and music

35
Q

Cyrus the Great (559 B.C. to 530 B.C.)

A

united the Persians into a powerful kingdom, larger than any in the world

36
Q

Battle of Marathon

A

Athenians successfully defeated the Persians as they attempted to attack Athens
King Xerxes,

37
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

Greek soldiers survived but Sparta’s King Leonidas and several hundred others fought to the death, losing this battle

38
Q

Strait of Salamis

A

naval battle the Greeks won decidedly with smaller, faster, and easier to steer ships

39
Q

Delian League

A

group of city-states, including Athens, but not Sparta who united in 478 B.C. to defend themselves against the Persians

40
Q

Direct democracy

A

People gather at mass meetings to decide government matters and every citizen can vote on laws and policies

41
Q

Representative democracy (U.S.)

A

citizens choose a smaller group of representatives to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf

42
Q

Pericles

A

One of the leading figures in Athenian politics

43
Q

The Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 B.C.)

A

Sparta vs. Athens for control of Greece

44
Q

Who won the Peloponesian War?

A

Sparta’s new navy destroyed the Athenian fleet

45
Q

Effects of the Peloponesian war

A

Weakened all of the major Greek city-states

46
Q

Why is China important?

A

world’s largest population one of the fastest growing economies in the world possibly a new superpower

47
Q

China’s Geography

A

mountains, rivers, desserts, and swamps

48
Q

Shang dynasty – founded c. 1750 B.C.

A

the beginning of Chinese civilization

49
Q

Chinese ancestor worship

A

family was central to society believed departed ancestors could bring good fortune and good luck
offerings made even today

50
Q

oracle bones

A

first example of Chinese writing

51
Q

pictographs

A

characters that stand for objects

52
Q

ideographs

A

a character that joins two or more pictographs to represent an idea

53
Q

Zhou Dynasty

A

Wu Wang led a rebellion against the Shang, and created the Zhou dynasty

54
Q

mandate

A

a formal order

55
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

idea that the king had been chosen by heavenly order to rule; Zhou claimed that principle gave them the right to rule

56
Q

Chinese social classes

A

aristocrats, farmers, peasants

57
Q

What was Life Like in a Chinese Family?

A

Family was the basic building block of Chinese society.

58
Q

filial piety

A

practice that requires children to respect their parents and older relatives

59
Q

Confucius

A

China’s first great teacher and thinker

60
Q

Confucianism

A

taught that if each person does his or her duty, society as a whole will do well

61
Q

What Is Daoism?

A

belief that people should turn away from worldly concerns and live in peace with nature

62
Q

Legalism

A

taught that people needed harsh laws and punishment to make them live rightly

History Flash Cards (8 decks)

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