(History) Archeology: The Telltale Art Flashcards
Richard III
British Monarch, last Yorkist King, lost to Henry VII of Tudor, died at 32, Battle of Bosworth
Battle of Bosworth
Grand finale of the War of Roses - marks the end of the Middle Ages
Where did Richard III get buried
Greyfriars Church - 13th century church in Leicester
Who led the team that found the location of Greyfriars church
Phillippa Langley
How did Langley find Greyfriars church
Compare old to new maps
Where was the church located
A parking lot
How did they know the corpse was of Richard III
DNA test
Shakespeare on Richard III
Poisonous bunch-backed toad
What did Richard III have
Scoliosis
Where is Richard III remains now
Leicester Cathedral
Where was the Pakistani temple?
Swat Valley, Barikot
Pakistani temple & abandonment
- Thought to be buddhist temple 2000 years ago
- Buried under rubble & remains from an earthquake in 300 AD
Unique features of the Pakistani temple
- Built on top of another one that was abandoned in 300 BC
- Had ceremonial platforms, rooms & courtyard
- coins, jewelry, statues, pottery
Pakistani temple usage
- Active since 327 BC
- Trading hub for Alexander the Great & the Gandhara
- Became a sacred center from 30-400 AD after gaining traction in 150 BC
What did the scientist get from the footprints
Steve Webb analyzed it, found a group of hunters, including a one legged man, a family and other people
Footprints found
2003 in Mungo National Park from indigenous people 20k years ago
What’s cool about the footprints
Could’ve broken the 100m sprint speed record in a short period in deep mud
What was discovered in Pompeii & by whom
Eric Poehler from Massachusetts Uni found patterns around the city:
- it had many one way roads
- tears & wears in stone
- working class neighborhood on the South side
- a fish sauce operation was expanded by a businessman in the area
- gourmet cooking for the rich
How was the Rosetta Stone found
- Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt
- Taken to the British museum
- Most culturally significant discovery & object in Egypt
Pompeii
- Found under volcanic ash after 15 centuries
- Most famous site in the world after discovery
- Technology allowed us to make determinations & guesses
What technology was used to analyze people of Pompeii?
- PMFR was used to remake models of people
- Skeletons, corpses & X-ray to determine appearance
=> recreate Pompeii into a living outdoor museum
Rosetta Stone
- Large steele made in 196 BC during Ancient Egypt
- Black basalt, containing a decree from Memphis
+ Hieroglyphs, Demotic & Greek - One of the first indicators to decoding glyphs & images
What languages were on the Rosetta Stone
- Hieroglyphs
- Demotic
- Greek
Dead Sea Scrolls
- Collection of Jewish texts discovered in 1947-1956
- Include parts of the Hebrew bible & other texts
- Insight into the beliefs in the Second Temple Period
- Most important archaeological find in the 1900s
- Clear perspective on Judaism & Hebrew bible
- Found in different places like the Vatican and Israel Antiquities Asc.
Borobudur
- Temple in Central Java, Indonesia discovered in 1814
- Originally in use in 800 AD, now a UNESCO heritage site
- One of the largest structures in the world
- Buried under ash & jungle, went through several restoration projects
- Popular tourist destination
Architecture of the Borobudur
- Considered a masterpiece of ancient architecture
- Pyramid structures from igneous rock
- Contains 500+ Buddha statues & 2500 panels of storytelling
- Indian & Indonesian Buddhist styles combined
Terracotta Army
Collection of life sized clay army, including troops & horses
- Made by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang
- Varying figures
- Accurate military & rank depictions
- Popular attraction & symbol of Ancient Chinese power
Purpose of the Terracotta Army
- Protect him in the afterlife
- Ensure his corpse nor soul weren’t attacked
Discovery of the Terracotta Army
- 1974, by a farmer in Xian, China
- One of the best finds of 1900s
Lucy
- Discovered in 1974, in Afar region of Ethiopia by Donald Johnson
- Australopithecus Afarensis fossil
- Hominin that lived in Africa 3.2 mya
Purpose of Lucy
- Provide insights to early modern humans
- Proved that we’re bipedal through bone structure
- Suggest course in bone altercation over generations
Why was the hominin named Lucy
- After Beatles song “Lucy in the sky with diamonds”
- Donald & his team were listening to it when they discovered Lucy
Sue
- Most complete T-rex fossil found
- 67 mil year old fossil
- Discovered in South Dakota, 1990
- Named after discoverer Sue Hendrickson
Purpose of Sue
- Iconic figure in Archaeology
- Insights into behavior, structures & anatomy of dinosaurs
Machu Picchu & discovery
- Incan site in Andes, Peru
- Built in 1400s, abandoned in the 1500s due to Spanish colonization
- Discovered in 1911 by Hiram Bingham
Architecture
of Machu Picchu
- Many fashions in architecture
- Advanced stone walls blending into nature
- Agricultural control & erosion avoidance (aqueduct)
- Great mountains & valleys view
- Most popular destination in South America
Petra, abandonment & discovery
- Ancient Jordan city
- One of the most famous sites
- Built by Nabatean Arabs, carved out of sandstone cliffs
- Blend of Hellenistic & Arab architecture
- Abandoned bc of earthquakes & rediscovered in the 1800s
Purpose of Petra
- Important trade center for people at the time
- Common cultural activities
- Treasury temple structure carved into rock
- Important hub on the silk road
Sutton Hoo & discovery
- Ship burial in the 600s in Suffolk, England
- Anglo-Saxon ship that sunk
- Discovered in 1930
- Contains treasures
- Subject of exploration & study
Purpose of Sutton Hoo
- Ceremonial helmet & shield found
- Displayed in British museum
- Give views on beliefs, politics & trading at the time
T-rex feather
- Fossils don’t preserve feathers
- Volcanic ash discovered with dinosaur remains covered in feathers => either Yutyrannus or Dilong (close to T-rex)
- Similar species share traits => T-rex had feathers
Paleoart
- Illustrating at the time period, mimicking settings
- Found in textbooks for Paleontology
- Provide visual representation
- Not meant for full accuracy but educational & entertainment
- E.g: Laelaps, one in Crystal Palace
