History And Theory

Question 1

Why is the observation of facts itself a subjective thing?

Answer 1

1. We can only observe from our own physical and mental position
2. Observation is limited
3. Observations have to be interpreted based on prior understanding

Question 2

What is the myth of the given?

Answer 2

Mental states in themselves are not directly knowable and are based on a prior concept.

Question 3

How does behaviourism manage subjectivity?

Answer 3

It removes the subjectivity of the participant as it involves direct observation. However, the experimenter still needs to interpret behaviour and make decisions.

Question 4

How does operationalism manage subjectivity?

Answer 4

It provides an “objective” definition of concepts. This means each different method measures a slightly different concept.

Question 5

How does convergence manage subjectivity?

Answer 5

It uses different measures to measure the same thing in order to overcome limits of specific methods.

Question 6

How does replication manage subjectivity?

Answer 6

It overcomes the limits of specific findings and increases reliability. However, there is still the problem of having to use induction but it is reduced.

Question 7

Where can psychological descriptions come from?

Answer 7

History, analogies, and metaphors

Question 8

What are the practical limitations of psychological descriptions?

Answer 8

1. The metaphors are selected from available options which limits how the mind can be viewed.
2. It can prompt new lines of thought.

Question 9

What are 4 psychological aims?

Answer 9

1. To be scientific (or to be seen as)
2. To make a living, make profit, make a difference
3. To scientifically provide reliable and valid knowledge about the mind and behaviour
4. To provide knowledge useful to others - applied psychology.