History and Prehistory Flashcards
Events that occurred before the existence of written records in a
given culture or society.
Pre- history
consists of spoken memories, stories, and songs, and the study of these, as a
way of communicating and discovering information about the past.
Oral history
is the study of the societies and peoples of
the past by examining the remains of their buildings, tools, and other objects.
Archaelogy
remnant, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a past geologic age that has been
preserved in Earth’s crust.
Fossil
an ornament, tool, or other object that is made by a human being, especially one that is
historically or culturally interesting.
Artefact
This period marks the beginning
of widespread life on Earth.
Cambrian Period
Historians and archaeologists can use artifacts from a _______ to study ancient civilizations that were
formerly ignored in history because lack of documents
Bygone Era
Dinosaurs lived throughout the _________ era
Mesozoic
Mesozoic era was also called
Age of Reptiles
History as a discipline existed for around ______ years ago
2,400
History was derived from the Greek Word
Historia
Historia means______
knowledge acquired through
inquiry or investigation
Historia became known as _________
“the account of the past
of a person or a group of people through written
documents & historical evidences. “
refers to the time period after the invention of written
records in a given culture or society
History
The theory
and history of historical writing.
Historiography
Person who specializes in the study of history and who writes
books and articles about it
Historian
give historians resources to deal with that are more detailed in some
ways than other records, such as archaeological or biological remains
Written records
Historian’s duty
write about the lives of important individuals like monarchs,
heroes, saints, and nobilities
History was also focused on writing about:
War and Revolution
Father of History
Herodotus (Greek Historian)
a person who studies human history and prehistory through
the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical
remains
Archaeologists
measures the amount of radioactive carbon in fossils to place them in time
Carbon dating
Age can also be determined by identifying the age of the layer of rock that
the artifacts are buried in.
Stratigraphic dating
Stratigraphic came from the latin word __________ which means __________
stratum- layer
Scientific study of language
Linguistic
the systematic study of the structure and evolution of human
language, and it is applicable to every aspect of human endeavor
Linguistic
They can often piece together possible human migrations and connections based on
similarities in modern, living languages.
Linguists
Archaeologists have discovered written records in _____ from as early
as 3200 BCE, which is the accepted date at which history “begins”
there.
Egypt
Egyptians developed a system of writing called _______
Hieroglyphic Writing
Hieroglyphic Writing told the story’s with _________
pictographs
Four of the ancient writing materials
Clay tablets
The Bark of the Birch Tree
Parchment
Papyrus
The ancient Sumerians, Akkadians,
Babylonians, Assyrians, and Hittites wrote
on tablets made from water-cleaned clay.
Clay tablets
a stiff, flat, thin material made from the
prepared skin of an animal and used as a durable
writing surface in ancient and medieval times.
Parchment
writing material of ancient times and also the
plant from which it was derived.
Papyrus
is the study of heredity in general and of genes in particular
Genetics
It can piece together how humanity may have spread and
intermingled based on genetic similarities and differences in populations
today.
Genetics
It is the job of the historian to give meaning to these facts
and organized them into a timeline, establish causes, and
write history, what does it mean?
“Facts cannot speak for themselves”
Historian’s most important
research tool
Historical Resources
Historical Sources can be
classified between
Primary and Secondary Sources
-are those sources produced at the same time as the event,
period, or subject being studied.
Primary sources
Give 5 examples of primary sources
– Artifact & Fossil
– Archival Documents
– Clay tablet
– Scrolls
– Murals
– Rare books
- Original Painting
– Original Photographs
– Eyewitness accounts
– Memoirs
– Diaries
– Eyewitness accounts
– Memorabilia
– Letters
– Government records
– video recording
Are those sources , which were produced
by an author who used primary sources to produce the
material.
Secondary Sources
were created by
someone who did not experience first-hand or participate
in the events or conditions you’re researching.
Secondary Sources
Give 3 examples of secondary sources
- Textbooks (also considered tertiary);
- Bibliographies (also considered tertiary);
- Biographical works;
- Commentaries, criticisms;
- Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias (also considered
tertiary); - Literary criticism such as Journal articles;
- Printed materials (serials, periodicals which
interprets previous research)
In order for a source to be used as evidence in history, basic matters about its form and content must be settle
Historical Criticism
form=
content=
External criticism
Internal criticism
Is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical
characteristics;
External criticism
What can be examined when conducting external criticism of a document?
Quality of the paper
Type of the ink
Language and words used
looks at the truthfulness and
factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of
the source, its context, the agenda behind creation,
the knowledge which informed it, and its intended
purpose among others
Internal criticism
