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Ortho - C.U > History and examinations > Flashcards

History and examinations Flashcards

1
Q

Which conditions are important to ask about in suspected carpal tunnel? (2)

A

HypoT and DM

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2
Q

What medication is it important to ask about in suspected acute gout?

A

New diuretic

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3
Q

In suspected osteoporosis what medication is it important to find out whether they’re taking?

A

Long term corticosteroids

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4
Q

Medial epicondyle is the muscle origin of which forearm muscles?

A

Flexors

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5
Q

Lateral epicondyle is the muscle origin of which forearm muscles?

A

Extensors

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6
Q

What stigmata of systemic disease might you be looking for in the elbow exam?

A

psoriatic plaques

rheumatoid nodules

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7
Q

Golfers elbow =

A

tendonitis of the flexors (medial epicondyle insertion)

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8
Q

Tennis elbow =

A

tendonitis of the extensors (lateral epicondyle insertion)

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9
Q

Basic tests for functional problems with the elbow (3)

A
  • both hands behind head
  • both hands up to their mouth
  • both hands down to their bottom
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10
Q

pes planus can cause -

A

foot pronation and valgus deformity of the heel

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11
Q

pes cavus can cause -

A

varus deformation of the hind foot

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12
Q

Simmonds test -

A

tests achilles tendon integrity

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13
Q

Hip flexion myotome

A

L2+3

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14
Q

Hip extension myotome

A

L4+5

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15
Q

Knee extension myotome

A

L3+4

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16
Q

Knee flexion myotome

A

L5+S1

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17
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion myotome

A

L4+5

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18
Q

Great toe extension

A

L5

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19
Q

Ankle plantar flexion

A

S1

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20
Q

Power of 0

A

no movement

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21
Q

Power of 1 =

A

flicker of movement

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22
Q

Power of 2 =

A

movement with gravity eliminated

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23
Q

Power 3 =

A

movement of limb against gravity

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24
Q

Power 4 =

A

reduced from normal

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25
Q

Power 5 =

A

normal power

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26
Q

Knee reflex myotome

A

L3/4

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27
Q

Ankle reflex myotome

A

L5/S1

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28
Q

Tredenlenburg gait cause

A

loss of abductor function

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29
Q

High stepping gait cause

A

Peroneal or sciatic nerve palsy

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30
Q

4 joints of the shoulder

A

sternoclavicular
acromiclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint
scapulothoracic

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31
Q

Movements of the shoulder

A 
Flex 
Extend 
Abduct 
Adduct 
Internal rotation 
External rotation
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32
Q

Jobes test

A

Shoulder abduction against resistance

Tests supraspinatus

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33
Q

Lift off test

A

Tests subscapularis - medial rotation against resistance

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34
Q

What is used to test teres minor and infraspinatus?

A

External rotation against rotation

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35
Q

Where is the axillary nerve tested for? (sensation)

A

regimental badge area

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36
Q

Where is the sensation aspect of the median nerve tested for?

A

lateral aspect of the index finger

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37
Q

Where is the sensation aspect of the ulnar nerve tested for?

A

medial aspect of the little finger

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38
Q

Where is the sensation aspect of the radial nerve tested for?

A

dorsal 1st IO space

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39
Q

which way does the shoulder usually dislocate?

A

anteriorly

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40
Q

how to test for biceps tendonitis?

A

shoulder in 60 degrees flexion
elbow in full extension
arm fully supinated

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41
Q

+ve for biceps tendonitis, pain where?

A

bicipital groove

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42
Q

Muscle(s) that cause extension of the shoulder

A

Produced by the posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major.

43
Q

Muscle(s) that cause flexion of the shoulder

A

Produced by the biceps brachii (both heads), pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis.

44
Q

Muscle(s) that cause 0-15 degrees of abduction of the shoulder

A

supraspinatus

45
Q

Muscle(s) that cause 15-90 degree of abduction of the shoulder

A

middle fibres of deltoid

46
Q

Muscle(s) that cause 90+ abduction of the shoulder

A

trapezius and serratus anterior

47
Q

Muscle(s) that cause adduction of the shoulder

A

Produced by contraction of pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major.

48
Q

Muscle(s) that cause lateral rotation of the shoulder

A

teres minor and infraspinatus

49
Q

Muscle(s) that cause medial rotation of the shoulder

A

Produced by contraction of subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid.

50
Q

True hip pain often felt…?

A

in the groin

51
Q

True leg length

A

ASIS to MM

52
Q

Apparent leg length

A

Umbilicus ro MM

53
Q

Tibial discrepancy showed by

A

one knee higher than the other

54
Q

Femoral discrepancy showed by

A

one knee behind the other

55
Q

-ve trendeleburg test

A

pelvis tilts upwards on the unsupported side

56
Q

+ve trendelenburg test

A

pelvis tilts downwards on the unsupported side

57
Q

Muscle(s) that cause flexion of the hip -

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

58
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Extension of the hip -

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings

59
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Abduction of the hip -

A

Glut medius and minimus

Deep gluteals

60
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Adduction of the hip

A

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus

61
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Lateral rotation of the hip

A

Biceps femoris
Gluteus max
Deep gluteals

62
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Medial rotation of the hip

A

Glut medius and minimus

Semitendinosus and semimbranosus

63
Q

Heberdens nodes found where?

A

DIPJ

64
Q

Bouchards nodes found where?

A

PIPJ

65
Q

What type of subluxation is found in RA?

A

Radiocarpal

66
Q

Ulnar claw is due to?

A

Hyperextension of MCP and flexion of PIPJ

67
Q

Active movements of the hand (8)

A

Wrist flex / extend
Finger flexion / extend
Finger abduction and adduction
Pronation and supination

68
Q

3 function test

A

Pinch grip
Power grip
Fine motor control

69
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Wrist flexion -

A

Flexor carpi radialis
FCU
Palmaris longus

70
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Wrist extension

A

Extensor CR (longus and brevis)
ECU
(R)

71
Q

Muscle(s) that cause DIPJ flexion

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (M&U)

72
Q

Muscle(s) that cause PIPJ flexion

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (M)

73
Q

Muscle(s) that cause MCPJ flexion and IP extension

A

Lumbricals (M&U)

74
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Finger abduction

A

Dorsal interossei (U)

75
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Finger adduction

A

Palmar interossei (U)

76
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Extension of all joints in the hand

A

Extensor digitorum

77
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Thumb abduction

A

Abductor policis brevis (M)

Abductor policis longus (R)

78
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Thumb adduction

A

Adductor pollicis (U)

79
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Thumb opposition

A

Opponens pollicis (M)

80
Q

Muscle(s) that cause Thumb extension

A

Extensor pollicis longus

81
Q

Phalen test -

A

wrist held in max plantar flexion to reproduce CT symptoms

82
Q

Tinel test

A

Tap over the median nerve

83
Q

Schobers test aim

A

to quantify lumbar spine flexion

84
Q

Straight leg raise tests which myotomes?

A

L5/S1

85
Q

Femoral stretch test, tests which myotome?

A

L4

86
Q

In adhesive capsulitis which movement is first and most restricted

A

External rotation

87
Q

RF for adhesive capsulitis

A

female
diabetes
non dominant hand

88
Q

Presentation of adhesive capsulitis

A

painful stiff shoulder with restriction of active and passive range of motion in abduction, internal and external rotation.

89
Q

Presentation of acromioclavicular degeneration

A

popping, swelling, clicking and grinding

+ve scarf test

90
Q

Subacromial impingement

A

painful arc on abduction, worse at 90 - 120 degrees

91
Q

Rotator cuff tear presentation

A

specific trauma / chronic

weakness and pain

may be muscle wasting and tenderness

painful arc

92
Q

Ortaloni test

A

Can reduce the hip when abducted

93
Q

Barlow test

A

Hip dislocated with adduction

94
Q

When is developmental dysplasia of the hip usually picked up ?

A

6 week baby check

95
Q

main imaging used to pick up DDH?

A

USS

96
Q

DDH diagnosed at <6m age, treatment

A

Pavlik harness

97
Q

Perthes disease =

A

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

98
Q

Age group affected by perthes disease?

A

3 -12 years old

99
Q

Presentation of perthes disease

A

Hip / groin pain

Limp

100
Q

X-ray presentation of perthes disease

A

flattening of femoral ossific nucleus

thickening of the femoral neck

101
Q

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis presenation

A

hip pain, limp, pain referred to the knee

102
Q

Ddx for a limping child

A 
Septic arthritis 
Trauma 
Developmental dysplasia 
Perthes 
SUFE 
Junvenile arthritis
103
Q

Test for De Quervain’s Tendinosis

A

Finkelstein test by placing your thumb against your hand, making a fist with your fingers closed over your thumb, and then bending your wrist toward your little finger.

104
Q

Osgood–Schlatter disease presents …

A

prominent tibial tuberosity and knee pain

Ortho - C.U (8 decks)

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