History and exam

Question 1

What makes up the HPC?

Answer 1

Site, Onset, Characteristics, Radiation, Alleviating factors, Timing, Exacerbating factors, Severity

Question 2

What do you check for the MH?

Answer 2

Systems - Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Endocrine, CNS, GI, Hepatic, Renal

Question 3

What special investigations can you do?

Answer 3

Sensibility testing - GP and Ethyl Chloride
EPT
radiographs
study models
photographs
6ppc
PGI
percussion
biting on gauze

Question 4

What can give you false responses to EPT?

Answer 4

False +ve =multi rooted tooth with vital and non vital pulp, canal full of pus, apprehensive pt
False -ve = nerve supply damaged, blood supply intact. secondary dentine, large restoration

Question 5

What radiographs would you take for BPE 0-2

Answer 5

posterior bite wings every 24 months

Question 6

What radiographs would you take for BPE 3-4

Answer 6

periapicals of the sextants indicated to analyse the bone levels

Question 7

What radiographs would you take for impacted canines?

Answer 7

OPT+PA
PA+PA
upper standard occlusal and PA
need to use parallax technique to localise
or CBCT

Question 8

Are lead aprons required for dental imaging

Answer 8

no - the dose is low, not aimed at the pelvis

Question 9

What other imaging techniques are there and what are they used for?

Answer 9

CBCT - impacted 3s and 8s, surgical planning, cysts and tumours
MRIs - soft tissue monitoring. TMJ issues. deep tissue imaging
US - superficial imaging imaging
sialography - for monitoring salivary glands. Do not use if there is infection

Question 10

What are different grading systems for NCTSL?

Answer 10

BEWE
smith and knight
Eccles
simplified scoring criteria for tooth wear

Question 11

What is the dahl effect?

Answer 11

Dahl appliances increase the OVD to prevent excessive tooth preparation

it is used in tooth wear cases to reduce the lack of occlusal space
(NCSTL and dentoalveolar compensation maintain the occlusion)

Question 12

What occurs during the different stages of oral transport?

Answer 12

stage 1: food gathered on tongue tip, tongue retracts pushing food back to level of posterior teeth

stage 2:
masticated food is transferred to oropharynx by squeezeback mechanism (bolus squeezed back between tongue and palate)

Question 13

What biological factors can affect masticatory performace?

Answer 13

number of occluding teeth
occlusal contact area
biting force

Question 14

What is meant by the term shortened dental arch?

Answer 14

dentition where the posterior teeth have been lost/removed. each jaw has 6 anteriors and 4 posterior teeth, leaving 20 teeth in all

Question 15

what are the proponents of the shortened dental arch?

Answer 15

acceptable masticatory performance
can be maintained by patient
acceptable aesthetics