History and Approaches Flashcards
Wave One
Introspection
Wave Two
Gestalt Psychology
Wave Three
Psychoanalysis
Wave Four
Behaviorism
Wave Five
Multiple perspectives
Wundt, James, Calkins, Washburn, Hall
Wave 1 - introspection
What wave was Wertheimer?
Wave Two - Gestalt psychology
What wave was Freud?
Wave three - psychoanalysis
Watson, Pavlov, Skinner
Wave four - behaviorism
Maslow, Rogers
Humanists
Piaget
Cognitive, developmental psych
Beginning of psychology
1879
He built the first psychology lab, father of psych
Wilhelm Wundt
Published 1st psych book, taught 1st psych class, functionalism
William James
Studied with James, 1st female president of American Psychology Association
Mary Whiton Calkins
1st woman to earn Ph.D. in psychology
Margaret Floy Washburn
Student of James, child development, 1st president of American Psychology Association
G. Stanley Hall
Activist for mental asylums
Dorothea Dix
Gestalt psychologist
Max Wertheimer
Revolutionized psychology with psychoanalysis, unconscious mind, repression, dream analysis & word association
Sigmund Freud
Declared psychology must limit itself to observable phenomena, and behaviorism should be the dominant paradigm of psychology
John B. Watson
Classical conditioning, dog experiment, behaviorist
Ivan Pavlov
Expanded behaviorism to include reinforcement
B. F. Skinner
Drawing from multiple perspectives
Eclectic
Humanists, individual choice & free will
Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers
Chances of survival, Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Cognitive developmental theory
Jean Piaget
The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations
Structuralism
How the mind allows us to adapt, live, and work
Functionalism
Whole experience, more than just the sum of the parts of the experience
Gestalt psychology
What is the part of the mind over which we do not have conscious control?
Unconscious mind
Pushing down into the unconscious events and feelings that cause so much anxiety and tension that our conscious mind cannot deal with them
Repression
What are stimuli and responses?
Environmental events and physical reactions
Environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses
Reinforcement
Believe that we choose most of our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs
Humanists
Believe that the unconscious mind controls our thought and action
Psychoanalytic perspective
Explain human thought and behavior strictly through the biological processes; genes, hormones, & neurotransmitters
Biopsychology
Examine human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection
Evolutionary psychologists
Explain human thought an behavior in terms of conditioning
Behaviorists
Examine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events
Cognitive psychologists
Looks at how our thoughts and behaviors vary from people living in other cultures, emphasize the influence culture has on the way we think and act
Social-cultural psychology
Human thinking an behavior results from combinations of biological, psychological, and social factors
Biopsychosocial perspective
What methodology did Wundt use on his subjects?
Objective introspection
