history and approaches Flashcards
psychology
science of behavior and mental processes
empiricism
born with a “blank slate”
structuralism
a way to analyze the human brain and behavior
introspection
trained people to report how people felt about simple things. Unreliable
functionalist
explorations of down-to-earth emotions, memories, willpower,etc
psychoanalysis
therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating conscious and unconscious mind
behaviorism
the view that psychology should be objective science and study behavior without reference to mental processes
cognitive-revolution
supported ideas developed by earlier psychologists
Ex: how the mind retains memory
nature vs. nurture
controversy over relative contributions of biology and experience
Person:
Socrates
He believed the mind is separate from the body. Teacher to Plato
Person:
Aristotle
knowledge is not preexisting, grows from experiences
Person:
John Lock
Mind is a blank slate “tabula rasa”
Person:
Charles Darwin
evolution of the mind
Person:
Wihelm Wundt
Preformed first psych experiment
Person:
William James
made functionalism based off of Darwin. First psych book
Person
Mary Whiton Calkins
First woman accepted at Harvard for psy, didn’t accept degree
Person
Margaret Floy
First woman to accept degree
Person
Sigmund Freud
developed psychoanalysis. survived holocaust
Person
B. F. Skinner and John Watson
first behaviorists. Science should be obserbation
Developmental Psychology
the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change through the life span
educational psychology
the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
experimental psychology
the study of basic psychology processes, like learning, memory, cognition, etc
clinical psychology
the branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
counseling psychology
a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being
personality psychology
the study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
psychometric psychology
the scientific study of the measurements of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
human factory psychology
the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments
industrial organizational psychology
the application of psychology concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
social psychology
the scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
psychiatrist
a mental practitioner
