Cognition

Question 1

encoding

Answer 1

process of getting info into the memory system

Question 2

visual encoding

Answer 2

the encoding of picture images

Question 3

acoustic encoding

Answer 3

encoding of sounds, especially words

Question 4

storage

Answer 4

retain info

Question 5

iconic storage

Answer 5

visual info

Question 6

echoic storage

Answer 6

auditory info

Question 7

retrieval

Answer 7

getting that info back out

Question 8

automatic processing

Answer 8

the unconscious encoding of some info (space, time, frequency)

Question 9

effortful processing

Answer 9

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Question 10

rehearsal

Answer 10

conscious repetition of info

Question 11

overlearning

Answer 11

continue to learn after you’ve already got it

Question 12

serial position effect

Answer 12

the tendency to recall the first and last items on a list

Question 13

primary effect

Answer 13

the ability to recall info at the beginning of a list

Question 14

recency effect

Answer 14

the ability to recall info at the end of a list

Question 15

sematic encoding

Answer 15

the encoding of meaning (not by seeing or hearing things)

Question 16

self-reference effect

Answer 16

relate to yourself (make it personal)

Question 17

mnemonic device

Answer 17

a memory trick or technique that uses vivid imagery

Question 18

chunking

Answer 18

organizing memory/info into chunks to give more meaning and structure

Question 19

sensory memory

Answer 19

the brief, initial coding of sensory info

Question 20

short-term memory

Answer 20

conscious, activated memory which holds info briefly

Question 21

long-term memory

Answer 21

permanent and limitless storehouse

Question 22

flashbulb memory

Answer 22

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment

Question 23

long-term potentiation

Answer 23

an increase in a synapse’s firing efficiency after brief stimulation

Question 24

explicit memory

Answer 24

memories of facts and experiences (name, phone number)

Question 25

implicit memory

Answer 25

memory of skills and procedures (shoes, routine stuff)

Question 26

recall

Answer 26

have to retrieve info learned earlier (essay)

Question 27

recognition

Answer 27

have to identify items learned earlier (multiple choice test)

Question 28

context effect

Answer 28

remember things better when you are in the same place or room (silence!)