Cognition Flashcards
encoding
process of getting info into the memory system
visual encoding
the encoding of picture images
acoustic encoding
encoding of sounds, especially words
storage
retain info
iconic storage
visual info
echoic storage
auditory info
retrieval
getting that info back out
automatic processing
the unconscious encoding of some info (space, time, frequency)
effortful processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
rehearsal
conscious repetition of info
overlearning
continue to learn after you’ve already got it
serial position effect
the tendency to recall the first and last items on a list
primary effect
the ability to recall info at the beginning of a list
recency effect
the ability to recall info at the end of a list
sematic encoding
the encoding of meaning (not by seeing or hearing things)
self-reference effect
relate to yourself (make it personal)
mnemonic device
a memory trick or technique that uses vivid imagery
chunking
organizing memory/info into chunks to give more meaning and structure
sensory memory
the brief, initial coding of sensory info
short-term memory
conscious, activated memory which holds info briefly
long-term memory
permanent and limitless storehouse
flashbulb memory
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment
long-term potentiation
an increase in a synapse’s firing efficiency after brief stimulation
explicit memory
memories of facts and experiences (name, phone number)
implicit memory
memory of skills and procedures (shoes, routine stuff)
recall
have to retrieve info learned earlier (essay)
recognition
have to identify items learned earlier (multiple choice test)
context effect
remember things better when you are in the same place or room (silence!)
