History - Age of Exploration Flashcards
Name 3 causes
To gain wealth
Desire to expand empire
Desire for a new to asia and the spice islands
renaissance
new developments
Name 3 New developments and explain
A compass could calculate the ship’s direction as the needle always points north.
An astrolabe and a quadrant were used to find the ship’s latitude, position in relation to the equator.
A log and line was used to measure speed using a knotted rope at regular intervals.
Name 2 Key events for Portugal
portugal
1. Bartholemew diaz found the Cape of hope
2. Vasco de Gama discovered new route to india
2. Prince henry the navigator set up a navigation school in sarges
Name 4 key events for Spain
1.colombus discovered the new world
2.ferdinand magellan circumnavigated the world
3. cortez conquered the aztecs in mexico
4.pizzaro conquered the aztecs in peru
Describe Columbus’s journey to america
Crew : 90 men
Ships: nina , the pinta (two caravels) and the santa maria (a nao)
Captains: columbus captained the nao and the pinzon brothers captained the caravels
Left Palos, Spain
Canary islands (for supplies)
No land sighted for over 1 month - mutiny threatened
San salvador- claimed for spain
Cuba
Hispaniola
Santa Maria hit a rock
Back home with gold,pineapples, parrots and six indians.
Why did Ferdinand and Isabella sponsor this voyage?
They hoped to beat portugal in the race to control the wealth of the east
or
They wanted to spread christianity
The treaty of Tordesillas was?
an agreement between spain and portugal that divided the land outside of europe between them
The conquistadors were?
from spain and They led brutal expeditions that aimed to conquer the spanish section of the ‘new world’
describe the conquering of the Aztecs
When? ~ 1519-1521 In February, 1519 the Spaniards arrived with eleven ships which contained 500 soldiers and 13 horses . Soon after they had landed in Mexico the ships were burned to show his men there is no turning back now. When he made contact with the natives they were terrified by the horses and cannons . A slave girl was given to him called Malinche, she had already learned many native languages so quickly learned spanish. WIth his men and the native they arrived in Tenochtitlan. He was greeted by the aztec king Montezuma. Aztecs believed Cortez was one of their gods so on his arrival he was worshipped, however when they started to steal gold there were protests but the Spaniard captured Montezuma and tried to rule through him. Soon after the Aztecs revolted and the Spaniards fled. Local allies of the spaniards( Enemies of the aztecs) the later returned with 100000 men and laid siege to Tenochtitlan , eventually after 3 months a small fleet of ships were made to kill of the rest of Tenochtitlan as of their being a lake in the way . The king of Spain appointed him the king of new Spain and Cortez built the capital on the remains of Tenochtitlan.
Who?~ cortes and 500 spanish soldiers
Where?~ central mexico
Why?~ desire for empire and wealth
What did they find?~ the Aztec empire
What did they do?~ they travelled to the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan and conquered them
Effects on Natives
Civilisations destroyed. e.g . Aztecs and Incas
Robbery of the natives’ land and riches- gold,cotton, ect.
Death, of millions of natives through diseases, murder and over work- 90% population died
The slave trade began where millions of africans were shipped over to america creating the Atlantic Slave Triangle.
New languages and cultures.
New religion.
Effects on Europeans
Wealth from the natives’ resources
Empires created
New goods imported from the new world e.g. tobacco,potato, tea.
Wars broke out over who should get the new land
Many migrated to the conquered lands, e.g. Quakers
who was Francisco Pizarro?
Was born in poverty in Spain
he found his way to New World by ship by being a soldier
he gained a reputation for his roughness and his ruthlessness
He got commissioned by King Charles V of Spain To conquer the Incas under the promise of wealth
In 1532 his small army made up of 180 men and 27 horses took over the incas
Even though the incas Would give the Spaniards a room full of gold and silver For their king, the Spaniards accepted but killed him anyways
3 Dangers of Travelling on a Ship
Diseases such as Typhoid, Dysentery and Scurvy
Shipwrecks
Sailors were often attacked by hostile natives
Thirst and starvation
Mutiny (sailors rebelling against the captain)
