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Portugal > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

What is the historical nexus of commercial trade for Port?

A

Oporto

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2
Q

What ships were traditionally used to transport port casks in from Pinhão (Cima Corgo) downriver to Villa Nova de Gaia?

A

Barco Rabelo

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3
Q

When were the monopolastic demands of the Port trade ended?

A

1986 - with membership in to the EU

-All port wines has been required by law to be aged and shipped from Villa Nova de Gaia

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4
Q

When was Setúbal demarcated?

A

1907

-One of Portugal’s first

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5
Q

What two companies alongside Port became the face of Portuguese wines worldwide post WWII?

A
  • Mateus
  • Lancers
  • For sweet, semi-sparkling rosés
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6
Q

What was the Douro Wine Company initially?

A
  • Charged with eliminating fraud and installing regulatory measures
  • Established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756
  • Developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards
  • Authorized individual farmer’s production allotment based on vineyard’s grade
  • Regulated grape prices
  • Fixed pricing on finished wines
  • Managed exports
  • Monopolized the sale of aguardente
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7
Q

What has the Douro Wine Company survived as today?

A

The Royal Oporto Wine Co

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8
Q

What was the only Portuguese region spared from phylloxera?

A

Colares

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9
Q

What was Portugal’s first demarcated wine region?

A

Douro DOP was also one of the first recognized in Europe and is also a UNESCO Heritage Site

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10
Q

Who pioneered the style of dry Douro table wines?

A

Ferreira - in 1952, with the launch of Barca Velha

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11
Q

How does Portugal rank globalley in production and consumption?

A

Production - 11th

Consumption - 1st per capita

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12
Q

Who founded the Kopke Port house? When?

A
  • Christian Kopke (a German)

- 1638 (4 decades before the first shipment to England)

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13
Q

What 3 English Port houses were established by 1700?

A

Warre & Co
Croft
Taylor’s

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14
Q

What is the Treaty of Windsor? When was it signed?

A
  • A treaty Portugal signed with England
  • Established a diplomatic alliance that would pave the way for extensive trade between the two kingdoms
  • Signed in 1386
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15
Q

Who established the first great navy of modern Europe?

A

Portugal

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16
Q

Why did we see a boom for sales of Douro wines at the end of the 17th Century?

A

There were war and trade embargoes between France and England.

  • Ban on French wine sales in England in 1679 and 1688
  • English placed a total ban with heavy tariffs on the French in 1697
17
Q

What is the Treaty of Methuen and when was it signed?

A
  • A treaty that was signed between England and Portugal

-1703

- Established a long-lasting trade agreement between the two nations and preferential tariffs for Portuguese wines

18
Q

What is mutage?

A

Arresting the fermentation of wines with brandy while sugar is still present

19
Q

Why did many Douro shippers adopt the practice of fortification throughout the 1700s?

A

-A long voyage from Portugal to England could cause spoilage

20
Q

What year did the English discover port?

A

1678

21
Q

What were the terms feitoria and rama used for?

A
  • Between 1758-1761 used to classify the 335 best vineyards marked with stones so the fruit was reserved for England
  • Rama was to indicate the lesser vineyards used for domestic wines
22
Q

What were Vinhos ao Roda?

A

Madeira that underwent the torna viagem (round trip_ across the Atlantic or to the East Indies and back.
-Considered superior to Vinhos Canteiro and fetched higher prices

23
Q

What were Vinhos Canteiro?

A

Madeira that matured on the island

24
Q

What contributed to the decline of port in the 19th Century?

A
  • French and Spanish invaded Portugal in 1807 to disrupt their trade with England
  • After Napolean’s defeat, Britain reopened trade with the European Continent and Portuguese wines steadily lost market share to French and Spanish wines and beer
  • Sherry became more popular in late 1800s
  • American Civil War 1861-1865 resulted in decline of sales of Madeira
  • Powdery and downy mildew in 1850s
  • Phulloxera in Duoro in 1867
25
Q

What area was spared phylloxera?

A

Colares

26
Q

What country remains as one of the foremost suppliers of cork closures?

A

Portugal

27
Q

When was the Região Demarcada established?

A

1929

-Precursor to Denominação de Origem Controlada

28
Q

What is the Junta Nacional do Vinhos?

A

-Established in 1937 to revamp the Portuguese wine industry and consolidate small vineyards into a network of larger co-operatives.

29
Q

Who produced the mid-20th-century brand Lancers?

A

J.M. Fonseca

30
Q

What is the Periquita brand?

A

J.M. da Fonseca bottled the grape Castelão under this brand.

Portugal (7 decks)

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