History Flashcards
What is the historical nexus of commercial trade for Port?
Oporto
What ships were traditionally used to transport port casks in from Pinhão (Cima Corgo) downriver to Villa Nova de Gaia?
Barco Rabelo
When were the monopolastic demands of the Port trade ended?
1986 - with membership in to the EU
-All port wines has been required by law to be aged and shipped from Villa Nova de Gaia
When was Setúbal demarcated?
1907
-One of Portugal’s first
What two companies alongside Port became the face of Portuguese wines worldwide post WWII?
- Mateus
- Lancers
- For sweet, semi-sparkling rosés
What was the Douro Wine Company initially?
- Charged with eliminating fraud and installing regulatory measures
- Established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756
- Developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards
- Authorized individual farmer’s production allotment based on vineyard’s grade
- Regulated grape prices
- Fixed pricing on finished wines
- Managed exports
- Monopolized the sale of aguardente
What has the Douro Wine Company survived as today?
The Royal Oporto Wine Co
What was the only Portuguese region spared from phylloxera?
Colares
What was Portugal’s first demarcated wine region?
Douro DOP was also one of the first recognized in Europe and is also a UNESCO Heritage Site
Who pioneered the style of dry Douro table wines?
Ferreira - in 1952, with the launch of Barca Velha
How does Portugal rank globalley in production and consumption?
Production - 11th
Consumption - 1st per capita
Who founded the Kopke Port house? When?
- Christian Kopke (a German)
- 1638 (4 decades before the first shipment to England)
What 3 English Port houses were established by 1700?
Warre & Co
Croft
Taylor’s
What is the Treaty of Windsor? When was it signed?
- A treaty Portugal signed with England
- Established a diplomatic alliance that would pave the way for extensive trade between the two kingdoms
- Signed in 1386
Who established the first great navy of modern Europe?
Portugal
Why did we see a boom for sales of Douro wines at the end of the 17th Century?
There were war and trade embargoes between France and England.
- Ban on French wine sales in England in 1679 and 1688
- English placed a total ban with heavy tariffs on the French in 1697
What is the Treaty of Methuen and when was it signed?
- A treaty that was signed between England and Portugal
-1703
- Established a long-lasting trade agreement between the two nations and preferential tariffs for Portuguese wines
What is mutage?
Arresting the fermentation of wines with brandy while sugar is still present
Why did many Douro shippers adopt the practice of fortification throughout the 1700s?
-A long voyage from Portugal to England could cause spoilage
What year did the English discover port?
1678
What were the terms feitoria and rama used for?
- Between 1758-1761 used to classify the 335 best vineyards marked with stones so the fruit was reserved for England
- Rama was to indicate the lesser vineyards used for domestic wines
What were Vinhos ao Roda?
Madeira that underwent the torna viagem (round trip_ across the Atlantic or to the East Indies and back.
-Considered superior to Vinhos Canteiro and fetched higher prices
What were Vinhos Canteiro?
Madeira that matured on the island
What contributed to the decline of port in the 19th Century?
- French and Spanish invaded Portugal in 1807 to disrupt their trade with England
- After Napolean’s defeat, Britain reopened trade with the European Continent and Portuguese wines steadily lost market share to French and Spanish wines and beer
- Sherry became more popular in late 1800s
- American Civil War 1861-1865 resulted in decline of sales of Madeira
- Powdery and downy mildew in 1850s
- Phulloxera in Duoro in 1867
