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Spain > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the first great maritime trading cultures in Spain?

A

The Phoenicians

  • Wine trade on Eastern Mediterranean existed because of the Phoenicians
  • Carried grapes from the Middle East to North Africa, Mediterranean Islands and Iberian Peninsula
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2
Q

What impact did the Romans have on viticulture in Spain?

A
  • Improved amphora

-conquering Moors forbade the consumption of alcohol

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3
Q

What influence did Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castille have?

A

-United the two of Spain’s most powerful kingdoms
-Est the Inquisition to enforce Catholic Orthodoxy
-Moors were expelled and Christopher Columbus set sail

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4
Q

What happened in 1492?

A

Reconquista ends returning Spanish rule to the Catholic Church

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5
Q

Who expanded on viticulture after the Romans in Spain?

A

The Catholic Church

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6
Q

Who in 1492 opened up trade to the new world?

A

Christopher Columbus and Spanish explorers

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7
Q

What is the significance of the Spanish Armada?

A

Sherry had become really popular in the English market although the relationship between these two countries was deteriorating
-this reached its peak with the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588

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8
Q

Why in the 17th C were Spanish colonies not allowed to produce their own wine?

A

This was a way to protect Spanish exports like Malaga and Sherry.

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9
Q

Who is Manuel Esteban Quintano Quintano?

A

Priest from Rioja
-went to Bordeaux and studied oenological practices there
-Upon returning, he began to experiment with cask-aging

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10
Q

Why was there an influx of French winemakers in Rioja during the 1850s and 1860s?

A

Pylloxera hit France
-Additionally, Spanish winemakers return from Bordeaux after studying there and start implementing what they learned in France including barrique aging and estate bottling

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11
Q

What is the significance of Luciano de Murrieta García-Lemoine and Camilo Hurtado de Amézaga y Balmaseda?

A

Both exiled to Bordeaux
Luciano became Marqués de Murrieta
Camilo became Marqués de Riscal
Bordeaux-trained Marqués de Riscal and Marqués de Murrieta returned to Rioja with grape varieties and lessons from the Médoc, including barrique aging (called barricas in Spain) and estate bottling (performed at their newly constructed bodegas).

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12
Q

Why was there a shift in Rioja from the use of French barrique to American oak?

A

This was an economic decision based on Spain’s history of transatlantic colonial trade.

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13
Q

When does phylloxera hit Rioja?

A

Early 20th Century

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14
Q

When and under whom did civil war breakout?

A

Francisco Franco

-late 1930s

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15
Q

Why was after WWII a dark period for Spain?

A
  • Spain remained the only major facist country in Western Europe
  • Spain was behind France and Italy as this suppression of economic freedom really hindered winemakers
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16
Q

Who is Miguel Torres?

A

In 1960s, Introduced stainless steel and temperature-controlled fermentation to his family’s winery in Catalonia.

17
Q

What is the influence of Émile Peynaud?

A

-consultant for Marqués de Riscal
-identified Rueda and its grape Verdejo for the possibility of creating a more contemporary style of non-oxidative white wine
-suggested planting Sauvignon Blanc in the region.

18
Q

How is wine law broken down in Spain?

A

PDOs:
DO Pago (theoretically superior to DO)
DOCa (Rioja and Priorat)
DO
VCIG - Vino de Calidad con Indicacion Geografica

Vino de la Tierra (IGP)
-85% rule for variety

VINO DE LA MESA
-vintage and variety okay

19
Q

What are the regions of viticulture in Spain?

A 
Galicia
Asturias
Castilla Y Leon
Basque Country
La Rioja
Navarra
Aragon
Catalunya
Madrid
Castilla-La-Mancha
Valencia
Murcia
Extremadura
Andalucia
Balearic Islands
Canary Islands
20
Q

When were the first Consejo Regulador started and what were the first 3 regions it was established for?

A
  • 1930s
  • Rioja
  • Málaga
  • Jerez
21
Q

What two Bordeaux trained winemakers helped introduce new techniques in the 1850s and 1860s? What techniques?

A
  • Marqués de Riscal
  • Marqués de Murrieta
  • Barrique aging
  • Estate bottling
22
Q

Who is the largest exporter of wine in the world?

A

Spain

23
Q

What are the top three wine producing countries in the world?

A
  1. France
  2. Italy
  3. Spain

Spain (12 decks)

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