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AICP Review 2019 > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

Where did comprehensive planning start?

A

Chicago (though that plan was not built)

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2
Q

First city subway

A

Boston, 1897

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3
Q

WIlliam Penn came up with what city design?

A

Philadelphia, rectangular grid with streets crossing each other at a central square – (grids and parks)

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4
Q

Annapolic plan

A

Radialcentric

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5
Q

James Olgethorpe came up with what city design?

A

Savannah, ward park system.

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6
Q

Oridnance of 1785

A

Provided for the rectangular land survey of the west in 36 sq mile grids. SIngle largest act of national planning in our history. Each square #16 would be a school.

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7
Q

Design for Capitol in DC

A

Created by L’Enfant in 1791. Design completed in 1902 by McMillon

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8
Q

When did the Erie Canal open?

A
  1. Greatly reduced shipping costs to the west, opened up Ohio and Midwest to more trade
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9
Q

Homestead Act

A
  1. Permitted new western settlers to claim 160 acres of public land if they lived there 5 years.
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10
Q

Morrill Act

A
  1. Proceeds for sale of public lands go to build agtilculture colleges
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11
Q

Riverside, IL

A
  1. Designing by Olmstead and Vaux as the first suburb west of Chicago
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12
Q

“Old” New York Tenement Law

A

1879 - required window openings and a bathroom per floor. Start of the dumbell tenements.

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13
Q

Pullman, IL

A
  1. Industrial town built for Pullman’s employees
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14
Q

Book: How the Other Half Lives

A
  1. by Jacob Riis, inspired social reform
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15
Q

What book inspired social reform and Hull House?

A

How the Other Half Lives, by Jacob Riis

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16
Q

World Colombian Exposition

A
  1. Designed by Daniel Burnham, started the City Beautiful Movement
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17
Q

Book: Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Reform

A
  1. by Ebenezer Howard
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18
Q

Letchworth and Welwyn

A

Garden cities built in England by Ebenezer Howard

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19
Q

“New” New York Tenement Law

A
  1. Outlawed dumbell tenements
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20
Q

1st National Conference on Planning

A
  1. In DC, represented transition to planning by professionals
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21
Q

1909 Plan for Chicago

A

Designing by Burnham and Bennett, did not get built

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22
Q

Radiant City

A
  1. Le Courbousier’s plan for tall towers in parks
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23
Q

Standard State Zone Enabling Act

A

1922

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24
Q

Concentric Zone Theory

A
  1. by Ernest Burgess. Central biz, mixed use, working class res, middle class suburb, outermost for the rich
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25
Q

State City Planning Enabling Act

A

1928

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26
Q

Plan for Radburn, NJ

A
  1. by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, based on Garden City. Included alleys behind the homes and communal gardens
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27
Q

Concept of Neighborhood Unit

A
  1. by Clarence Perry
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28
Q

Broadacre City

A
  1. Frank Lloyd Wright. Concept of everyone traveling by car and each getting an acre of land.
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29
Q

Central Place Theory

A
  1. by Walter Chirsaller. Settlements function as a place for services, therefore the bigger the settlement, the fewer there are in total.
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30
Q

City Humane Movement

A

Roosevelt’s pre-war administraion, focus on social and economic issues

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31
Q

Resettlement Administration

A

Helped move farmers to better lands after the Depression and moved people to New Towns, influenced by Garden Cities

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32
Q

Famous Greenbelt Towns

A

Greenbelt, MD, Greenhills, OH, Greendale, WI

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33
Q

Theory of City Evolution

A
  1. by Homer Hoyt. Sector theory, based on the concentric circle concept
34
Q

Multiple Nuceli Model

A
  1. by Harris and Ullman. Multiple business districts will pop up as a city grows.
35
Q

Factors helping subrubs grow in the 50’s

A

GI Bill; easier to buy a car; places like Levittown being built; sunbelt migration; Eisenhower’s freeways; invention of air conditioning

36
Q

Great Society

A

1960’s concept with major spending on education, medical care, housing, and addressing urban problems

37
Q

Book: Cities in Evolution

A
  1. by Patrick Geddes. Discussed how planning should involve citizens
38
Q

Book: Neighborhood Unit

A
  1. by Clarence Perry. Cities are aggregations of smaller units. Neighoborhoods should have schools kids can walk to, protect peds, and 5,000-9,000 people
39
Q

Book: Modern Housing

A
  1. Catherine Bauer. Political demands for the housing movement to support low-rent housing
40
Q

Book: Image of the City

A

by Kevin Lynch. Paths, Edges, Characteristics, Nodes, Landmarks; introduced the term wayfinding and imageability

41
Q

Book: Silent Spring

A

by Rachel Carson. Harmful effect of pesticides

42
Q

Book: Death and Life of Great American Cities

A

by Jane Jacobs. Critique of 1950s urban planning policy, which it holds responsible for the decline of many city neighborhoods

43
Q

Book: City in History

A

by Lewis Mumford. Argument for a more humane approach to cities that integrates nature

44
Q

Book: Urban General Plan

A

by TJ Kent. How the general plan should address long range development

45
Q

Book: The Power Broker

A
  1. by Robert Caro, about Robert Moses’ impact on NYC and planning
46
Q

Book: The Social Life of Small Urban Places

A
  1. by William Whyte
47
Q

Book: Edge City

A

by Joel Garraeu

48
Q

Book: Rural Design

A
  1. by Randall Arendt. How small towns can avoid sprawl and stay clustered to retain their nature
49
Q

Book: The Rise of the Creative Class

A
  1. by Richard Florida. Cities should attract talent, tolerance and tech to thrive
50
Q

Book: Devil in the White City

A
  1. by Erik Larson. Follows events of 1893 World’s Fair
51
Q

Book; The High Price of Free Parking

A

by Donald Shoup

52
Q

Book: Rules for Radicals

A

by Saul Alinsky

53
Q

Saul Alinsky

A

American community organizer

54
Q

Jane Jacobs

A

American/Canadian activist. Promoted concepts of eyes on the street and social capitol. Critic of urban renewal and Robert Moses

55
Q

Paolo Soleri

A

Created experiemental town of Arcology in AZ. Building with minimal impact on the earth

56
Q

John DeGrove

A

Father of growth management in FL

57
Q

Jean Gottman

A

Study on the urban region of the Northeast megalopolis.

58
Q

Norman Krumholtz

A

Equity planning. Planning director of Cleaveland

59
Q

Peter Calthorpe

A

Founder of the Congress for New Urbanism. Created the concept of TOD

60
Q

Andres Duany

A

Founder of the Congress for New Urbanism.

61
Q

Patrick Geddes

A

Father of Regional Planning

62
Q

Edward Basset

A

Father of American Zoning

63
Q

Daniel Burnham

A

Father of City Planning

64
Q

Lawrence Vellier

A

Father of the Modern Housing Code

65
Q

Ian McHarg

A

Father of Ecological Planning

66
Q

Paul Davidoff

A

Father of Advocacy Planning

67
Q

First National Park

A
  1. Yellowstone
68
Q

First Skyscraper

A
  1. Chicago
69
Q

First National Wildlife Refuge

A
  1. Florida
70
Q

First Planning Commission

A
  1. Hartford, CT
71
Q

First US Transcontinental Highway

A
  1. Lincoln Highway
72
Q

First City Zoning Ordinance

A
  1. NYC
73
Q

First Historic Preservation Commission

A
  1. Vieux Carre, New Orleans
74
Q

First Historic Preservation Ordinance

A
  1. Charleston
75
Q

First Regional Planning Commission

A
  1. LA County
76
Q

First City Comprehensive Plan

A
  1. Cinncinnati
77
Q

First Limited Access Highway

A
  1. Bronx River Parkway
78
Q

American City Planning Institute formed

A

1917

79
Q

American Society of Planning Officials formed

A

1934

80
Q

APA formed through 2 groups joining

A

1978

81
Q

How many members does APA have?

A

40,000

82
Q

How many AICP members are there?

A

15,000+

AICP Review 2019 (3 decks)

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