Assorted Flashcards
PUD (Planned Unit Development)
Planned and developed as a single entity containing residential and non-residential development such as public, commercial or industrial areas. PUDs allow for greater flexibility in locating buildings, combining land uses, and including open space than traditional development patterns.
Riverside, IL
Riverside, IL is considered the earliest example of suburban development. Riverside is located outside of Chicago and was developed in 1868 by Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.
Edge City
Form of urban center which contains jobs, housing, shopping, entertainment, and office space and in a spread out form. These cities are built at the “automobile scale” rather than the human scale and usually have at least 5 million square feet of leasable office space and 600,000 square feet of retail space, and have more jobs than bedrooms.
Federal Highway Act of 1956
The Federal Highway Act of 1956, also known as the National Defense Highway Act, resulted in the interstate highway system. Was the largest U.S. public works program ever undertaken at the time and extended the road system by 41,000 miles.
ISTEA
1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. Included funding for scenic byways and historic preservation.
1949 Housing Act
Focused on slum clearance. It inaugurated the idea of urban redevelopment.
1954 Housing Act
Modified previous approach to focus more on slum prevention.
1968 New Communities Act
Provided funding for private development of new towns.
General Land Law Revision Act
Gave the President power to create forest preserves by proclamation
Cluster Development
Locating buildings on a parcel relatively close together in order to leave a portion of the parcel as open space.
Variance
Departure from any provision of the zoning requirements for a specific parcel due to a peculiar characteristic of the specific parcel.
Fee simple sale
Conveys all allowable uses of a property to the owner
Ground rent
Amount of money that is paid for the use of land when title to a property is held as a leasehold estate
Conveyance
Refers to the document that effects a property transfer
The Critical Path Method (CPM)
Technique used for complex projects with many inter-related activities. CPM models the activities of a project as a network and shows which activities are critical to the project and which are not.
What measure of central tendenacy is best for calc housing cost?
Median because mean and mode can get skewed
Gini Coefficient
Measure of income inequality; if everyone in a population has the same income, the Gini Coefficient equals zero
Chi squared test
A chi square statistic is computed to learn whether two variables are independent
Shift-share analysis
Attempts to determine how much of regional job growth can be attributed to national trends and how much is due to unique regional factors.
Gravity model
Predicts flows through the size and attractiveness of different locations
Performance-based zoning
Regulate development by setting the desired goals to be achieved by regulation rather than regulating how those community goals are met
Zombie subdivision
Unfinished subdivisions, often with utility pipes poking up, driveways and sidewalks to nowhere, and tidy homes surrounded by acres that nature is reclaiming
Mariemont in Cincinnati
Drew its inspiration from the English Garden City and originated many of the “new urbanism” concepts being replicated by communities throughout the nation today
Exactions
Fees levied on developers in exchange for permission to develop.
Inputs in a fiscal impact analysis
Property tax rates, school costs, and building costs are defined inputs used in a fiscal impact analysis. Historic trends in assessed valuation are not central to the analysis.
How much of the parking in the US is estimated to be free of cost?
99%
State Implementation Plan
Developed by a state agency and approved by EPA, consists of narrative, rules, technical documentation, and agreements that an individual state will use to control and clean up polluted areas. Required by the 1970 Clean Air Act amendments.
Riprap
Rock or rubble along a stream bank or shoreline for protection from erosion or scour
Purchase of Development Rights (PDR)
Right to develop a property is severed from property ownership
Biophilic Design
Connect humans to the physical, psychological, and cognitive benefits derived from direct experiences with nature, including dynamic natural lighting, natural ventilation, visual access to open and/or moving water, sensory connections to nature, and the use of local natural materials
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
For projects with likely significant impacts. Addresses environmental impacts, adverse effects, irreversible use of resources, alternatives, and long-term productivity; note that there is no requirement for a mitigation element in an EIS.
FONSI
Finding of No Significant Impact and would be the result of an Environmental Assessment
Environmental Indicators Initiative
EPA program designed to improve the ability to report on trends and impacts.
Highway Act of 1962
Required Metropolitan Planning Organizations to be set up and assigned them to the task of creating a long range transportation plan among other things.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CERCLA or the “Superfund” bill, created a process and funding pool to deal with sites such as the notorious Love Canal in New York, where housing development was placed on a site that contained over 21,000 tons of contamination.
Pedestrian Catchment Area
Typically 1/2 mile for TODs
Tokenism
Public participation that is insincere and may not have any bearing on the work at hand. In tokenism, public participation is done simply for the sake of saying it was included in the process, not for the purpose of influencing the process.
What are the main differences between a comprehensive and strategic plan?
Scope and time frame
What is the first and most important step in the planning process?
Visioning
Goals are…
Value based and not necessarily measurable
Objectives are…
Specific and measurable
Quartile
Each of four equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of a particular variable.
Percentile
Percentiles divide a data set into 100 equal parts. A percentile is simply a measure that tells us what percent of the total frequency of a data set was at or below that measure.
NEPA Categorical exclusion
For projects with limited impacts
NEPA Environmental assessment
For projects where impact in unclear
Zero-based budget (ZBB)
Not based on last budget, all items must be justified
Planning Programming Budgetary System (PPBS)
Focuses on fundamental objectives of a program, identifies future implications, considers all costs, and analyzes alternatives
Dayton System
Combination of ZBB and PPBS
