Assorted

Question 1

PUD (Planned Unit Development)

Answer 1

Planned and developed as a single entity containing residential and non-residential development such as public, commercial or industrial areas. PUDs allow for greater flexibility in locating buildings, combining land uses, and including open space than traditional development patterns.

Question 2

Riverside, IL

Answer 2

Riverside, IL is considered the earliest example of suburban development. Riverside is located outside of Chicago and was developed in 1868 by Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.

Question 3

Edge City

Answer 3

Form of urban center which contains jobs, housing, shopping, entertainment, and office space and in a spread out form. These cities are built at the “automobile scale” rather than the human scale and usually have at least 5 million square feet of leasable office space and 600,000 square feet of retail space, and have more jobs than bedrooms.

Question 4

Federal Highway Act of 1956

Answer 4

The Federal Highway Act of 1956, also known as the National Defense Highway Act, resulted in the interstate highway system. Was the largest U.S. public works program ever undertaken at the time and extended the road system by 41,000 miles.

Question 5

ISTEA

Answer 5

1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. Included funding for scenic byways and historic preservation.

Question 6

1949 Housing Act

Answer 6

Focused on slum clearance. It inaugurated the idea of urban redevelopment.

Question 7

1954 Housing Act

Answer 7

Modified previous approach to focus more on slum prevention.

Question 8

1968 New Communities Act

Answer 8

Provided funding for private development of new towns.

Question 9

General Land Law Revision Act

Answer 9

Gave the President power to create forest preserves by proclamation

Question 10

Cluster Development

Answer 10

Locating buildings on a parcel relatively close together in order to leave a portion of the parcel as open space.

Question 11

Variance

Answer 11

Departure from any provision of the zoning requirements for a specific parcel due to a peculiar characteristic of the specific parcel.

Question 12

Fee simple sale

Answer 12

Conveys all allowable uses of a property to the owner

Question 13

Ground rent

Answer 13

Amount of money that is paid for the use of land when title to a property is held as a leasehold estate

Question 14

Conveyance

Answer 14

Refers to the document that effects a property transfer

Question 15

The Critical Path Method (CPM)

Answer 15

Technique used for complex projects with many inter-related activities. CPM models the activities of a project as a network and shows which activities are critical to the project and which are not.

Question 16

What measure of central tendenacy is best for calc housing cost?

Answer 16

Median because mean and mode can get skewed

Question 17

Gini Coefficient

Answer 17

Measure of income inequality; if everyone in a population has the same income, the Gini Coefficient equals zero

Question 18

Chi squared test

Answer 18

A chi square statistic is computed to learn whether two variables are independent

Question 19

Shift-share analysis

Answer 19

Attempts to determine how much of regional job growth can be attributed to national trends and how much is due to unique regional factors.

Question 20

Gravity model

Answer 20

Predicts flows through the size and attractiveness of different locations

Question 21

Performance-based zoning

Answer 21

Regulate development by setting the desired goals to be achieved by regulation rather than regulating how those community goals are met

Question 22

Zombie subdivision

Answer 22

Unfinished subdivisions, often with utility pipes poking up, driveways and sidewalks to nowhere, and tidy homes surrounded by acres that nature is reclaiming

Question 23

Mariemont in Cincinnati

Answer 23

Drew its inspiration from the English Garden City and originated many of the “new urbanism” concepts being replicated by communities throughout the nation today

Question 24

Exactions

Answer 24

Fees levied on developers in exchange for permission to develop.

Question 25

Inputs in a fiscal impact analysis

Answer 25

Property tax rates, school costs, and building costs are defined inputs used in a fiscal impact analysis. Historic trends in assessed valuation are not central to the analysis.

Question 26

How much of the parking in the US is estimated to be free of cost?

Answer 26

99%

Question 27

State Implementation Plan

Answer 27

Developed by a state agency and approved by EPA, consists of narrative, rules, technical documentation, and agreements that an individual state will use to control and clean up polluted areas. Required by the 1970 Clean Air Act amendments.

Question 28

Riprap

Answer 28

Rock or rubble along a stream bank or shoreline for protection from erosion or scour

Question 29

Purchase of Development Rights (PDR)

Answer 29

Right to develop a property is severed from property ownership

Question 30

Biophilic Design

Answer 30

Connect humans to the physical, psychological, and cognitive benefits derived from direct experiences with nature, including dynamic natural lighting, natural ventilation, visual access to open and/or moving water, sensory connections to nature, and the use of local natural materials

Question 31

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Answer 31

For projects with likely significant impacts. Addresses environmental impacts, adverse effects, irreversible use of resources, alternatives, and long-term productivity; note that there is no requirement for a mitigation element in an EIS.

Question 32

FONSI

Answer 32

Finding of No Significant Impact and would be the result of an Environmental Assessment

Question 33

Environmental Indicators Initiative

Answer 33

EPA program designed to improve the ability to report on trends and impacts.

Question 34

Highway Act of 1962

Answer 34

Required Metropolitan Planning Organizations to be set up and assigned them to the task of creating a long range transportation plan among other things.

Question 35

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

Answer 35

CERCLA or the “Superfund” bill, created a process and funding pool to deal with sites such as the notorious Love Canal in New York, where housing development was placed on a site that contained over 21,000 tons of contamination.

Question 36

Pedestrian Catchment Area

Answer 36

Typically 1/2 mile for TODs

Question 37

Tokenism

Answer 37

Public participation that is insincere and may not have any bearing on the work at hand. In tokenism, public participation is done simply for the sake of saying it was included in the process, not for the purpose of influencing the process.

Question 38

What are the main differences between a comprehensive and strategic plan?

Answer 38

Scope and time frame

Question 39

What is the first and most important step in the planning process?

Answer 39

Visioning

Question 40

Goals are…

Answer 40

Value based and not necessarily measurable

Question 41

Objectives are…

Answer 41

Specific and measurable

Question 42

Quartile

Answer 42

Each of four equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of a particular variable.

Question 43

Percentile

Answer 43

Percentiles divide a data set into 100 equal parts. A percentile is simply a measure that tells us what percent of the total frequency of a data set was at or below that measure.

Question 44

NEPA Categorical exclusion

Answer 44

For projects with limited impacts

Question 45

NEPA Environmental assessment

Answer 45

For projects where impact in unclear

Question 46

Zero-based budget (ZBB)

Answer 46

Not based on last budget, all items must be justified

Question 47

Planning Programming Budgetary System (PPBS)

Answer 47

Focuses on fundamental objectives of a program, identifies future implications, considers all costs, and analyzes alternatives

Question 48

Dayton System

Answer 48

Combination of ZBB and PPBS