History

Question 1

founder psychodrama

Answer 1

jacob moreno 1889-1974

Question 2

before moreno: joseph pratt

Answer 2

• professor of medicine
• treating patients with tuberculosis in groups
• patients ability to identify with each other
• empathy

Question 3

before moreno: philippe pinel

Answer 3

• french psychiatrist
• influenced by enlightenment era
• reject standard treatment
• moral treatment: compassionate individualised care, warm environment

Question 4

general discoveries

Answer 4

• one of the first improvisational theater groups
• coined the term group therapy
• developed sociometry
• developed role theory
• integrated psychology, philosophy and theology
• started as physician, later psychiatrist
• morenos work applied to many different settings: school, rehab, military, arts …

Question 5

early history

Answer 5

• 1889 Bucharest, Romania
• age of 6 moved to vienna
• first intellectual interests: philosophy and religion (christian and jewish)
• other relevant interests: telling and writing short stories, play with children
• medical school vienna
• worked with prostitutes and organized self help groups
• at refugee camp initiated a procedure that would be the foundation of sociometry
• 1919/20: created theatre of spontaneity –> round stage

Question 6

mid phase

Answer 6

• emigrated to the USA as physician and inventor
• experimenting with improvised theatre at Mt. Sinai hospital
• coined the term group therapy at conference of APA
• 1936: opened Beacon Hill Sanatorium
• second psychodrama theatre at st. elizabeth hospital washington dc

Question 7

Samuel R. Slavson

Answer 7

• psychoanalyst focused on the individual over the dynamic of a group
• viewed group therapy focused on the dynamic negatively since it could diminish the intensity of transference
• 1943: organized the American Group Psychotherapy Association

Question 8

Later years

Answer 8

• Zerka moreno having a more predominant role
• 1954: founded International Association of Group Therapy
• continued publishing, open sessions, conferences..
• died at 85: the man who brought joy and laughter to psychiatry

Question 9

Zerka Moreno

Answer 9

• considered cofounder of psychodrama
• trained and worked with moreno
• after moreno’s death: continued deveoping the method and theory

Question 10

Other pioneers

Answer 10

• 1940-50’s: first important figures of psychodrama: Ennies, Schutzenberger, Sacks
• 1960-70’s: expansion of 0psychodrama
• 1980’s: post moreno, training at beacon hill closed, international development of psychodrama

Question 11

Organization

Answer 11

• moreno founded ASGPP (American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama)
• category of practitioners (C.P.)
• category of trainers (T.E.P.)