History

Question 1

1. Long Trad UK-Port comm
2. 12C Wines shipped from M
3. 18C Port Wine Tax adv to export to UK,
4. 18C Port first country for Demarkation: Port
5. 18/19C expansion to US
6. late 19C Phy devastated v/y, some never recovered
7. Salazar dictatorship 1937-74
   
   1. 1937 Junta Nac de Vino - program promoting Co-Ops. Inflexible. Drop in Q.
   2. 1942 Launch of Mateus + Lancers
   3. 74-76 Coup, elections, Wine Ind a mess
8. 1986 Portugal joins EU = Funding to modernise, Quintas bottle own wine
9. Since 90s: Modernisation, Dao + Alentejo = best modern facilities

Answer 1

1. Long tradition of UK-Portugal commercial relationship
2. since 12th: wines shipped from Minho
3. 1703: Methuen that gave Portuguese wines tax advantages to export to UK. Birth of Port industry.
4. 1756: Portugal becomes to country to
5. 18-19th: expansion to the US
6. Late 19th: Phylloxera devastated vineyards; some Portuguese regions that never recovered from it.
7. 1937-74: Salazar’s dictatorship; country is isolated.
   
   1. 1937: Junta Nacional de Vinho - a program of co-operativisation of the wine industry w over 100 winery cooperatives built mostly in northern Portugal. Inflexible system led to drop in quality.
   2. 1942: launch of Mateus and Lancers that became international success despite Portugal’s seclusion
   3. 1974-76: regime overthrown by coup; free elections organised. The wine industry is a mess.
8. 1986: Portugal joins the EU & gets funding to modernise. Small quintas started bottling their own wines
9. Since 90s: modernisation -> Dao and Alentejo boast some of the most modern facilities in southern Europe