History Flashcards
What is Manifest Destiny and how does it affect our lives today?
the 19th century belief that the US would inevitably expand west to the Pacific Ocean and into mexican territory. Became a government policy under Polk. People moved Westward for exploration, trade, religion (Mormonism), and more land. trials and tribulations such as dealing with Native Americans, war with Mexico, Purchase of land from foreign countries (Louisiana Purchase), and near war with Great Britain.
antebellum
occurring or existing before a war, especially the American Civil war
Secede
withdraw formally from membership in a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization
Popular sovereignty
a system where the residents vote to decide an issue
abolition
movement to end slavery
John Brown
white abolitionist who believe armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow slavery. Led the attack on harper’s ferry and the pottawatomic massacre
Elijah Lovejoy
american presbyterian minister, journalist, newspaper editor, and abolitionist
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
started a mission to the cayuse in what is now southeast washington state in 1836. In 1843 he led the great migration to the west along the Oregon trail
Abraham Lincoln
16th president. successfully prosecuted the Civil war to preserve the union. played key role in ending slavery
Great compromisers
Henry Clay, Webster, Calhoun - 1767
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
mexican ruler
Ulysses S. Grant
18th president. led the union to victory (general)
Joseph Smith
American religious leader and founder of Mormonism. published the Book of Mormann
Angelina Grimke
American political activist, abolitionist, women’s rights advocat,a nd supporter of the women’s suffrage movement
describe Gast’s American Progress
- Lady Liberty: wears star of empire on her head, carries books in her hand which symbolizes education, enlightenment. telephone wire in her hand symbolizes industrialization. Brings light of civilization into the darkness.
- Westward Movement/Progress: Trains and wagons move West chasing out the “uncivilized” Native Americans.
who coined the term manifest destiny and why did he say the US was supposed to move west
John O’Sullivan - God gave us the right
Why did Texas choose to break away from Mexico and fight for independence
New Mexican laws, banning of slavery, closing borders to immigration, starting of taxation, military police and presence.
Shades of Grey
not all the north was Abolition and not all the south was pro slavery. Elijah Lovejoy was murdered for his beliefs of abolition in the north, Angelina Grimke in the south
how did the cotton gin bring a resurgence in the need for slaves in the south
it easily separated cotton fibers from their seeds. it increased production
how did john brown fan the flames of sectional conflict
could not be deterred from mission to abolish slavery.
harper’s ferry in virginia - led 21 men to raid the federal arsenal
pottawatomie creek in kansas - led men to take men and boys from their home and murder them
how did the different economies of north and south lead to a difference in political issues
north- industrial, overcrowded, cites, factories, social class was by job south- agricultural, distinct from wealthy white men to slaves
what movements were created from the second great awakening
- temperance: prohibit alcohol
- penal reform: improve prison conditions and rights, designed to stop the “evils of society”
- abolition: end slavery
Underground Railroad
network of secret routes and safe-houses used by slaves to escape to free states and canada
how was the compromise of 1850 able to avert the civil war for another decade
passed bills to try to settle the issue or slavery, California admitted as a free state, south got Utah territory and New Mexico territory under popular sovereignty
why did the era of compromise break down after 1850
great compromisers gone, new politicians concerned about sectional issues rather than national issues
bleeding kansas
series of violent political confrontations int he US involving anti-slavery, free states and pro slavery.
what was the original reason for the start for the civil war
originally fought between states’ right vs federal rights. lincoln’s election is main cause - south believed their votes didn’t count, north had larger population
why did the union struggle against the south despite the fact that they had by far a larger and better equipped army
south had psychological advances- more eager to fight because they were having their lifestyle taken away
what was the anaconda plan and what affect did it have on the south
strategy for subduing the seceding states. blockade southern ports and stop all commerce on the mississippi so no cotton could be exported and no war supplies could be imported. battle at vicksburg brutal and ongoing siege- confederates won and gained control of the river
why were lincoln’s emancipation proclamation and gettysburg address essential to changing the war
- emancipation proclamation: freed slaves in regions behind confederate lines, technically unconstitutional, turning point of war because it began to shift into an issue of slavery
- Gettysburg: made war completely about slavery
what were the issues that he US faced at he end of the war
3 million freed slaves int he work force. bringing the southern states back into the union, rebuilding the south. racism.
what was the original reason for the start of the civil war
states’ rights versus federal rights
