History Flashcards
JFK started sending military personnel in…
1962 (11,500)
1964-23,000
1961- diem officials killed by viet cong
4000
Operation Rolling Thunder
President Johnson
7 February 1965
March 8 arrived
Ended 1972
Strategic Hamlets programme
Since 1962
Moving peasants from viet cong areas to South Vietnam areas
When was Vietnam divided into North and south?
1954
Why did North Vietnam creat the Ho Chi Minh trail?
To move supplies to the south
First Americans landed in…
Da nang
Guerrilla warfare
Small groups
Limited weapons
Hard to tell apart from peasants
Aim was to wreck morale
US Casualties
11% by booby trap
51% by small fire arms
1966-1971 the viet cong killed
Approx. 27,000 civilians
Total North Vietnamese/ Viet Cong killed
Estimated 1 million
US and South Vietnam air rafts shot down…
14,000
How much it cost to kill ONE viet cong
$400,000
Chemical weapons
Agent orange- 82 million litres used
Wiped out 4 million acres of forests and farms
Affected 1.3 million people
Napalm- 20,000 tons between 1965-1973
Desertion
500,000 incidents
Age of most Americans killed
60% of the 56,000 killed were aged 17-21
My Lai Massacre
1968
Killed nearly 400 civilians
Most women, children and old men
Anti war protest
November 1969
Almost 700,000
Washington D.C
Media (Vietnam)
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam
“What the hell is going on? I thought we were winning this war” - don oberdorfer
Kent state university
1970 Open fire by national guard 4 killed 11 injured 400 colleges closed because students went on strike
Tet offensive
1968- Tet New Year holiday
V.C attacked over 100 cities
V.C lost 10,000
Hope S.V people would join V.C but didn’t
Peace Agreement (Vietnam)
Paris, January 1973
Nixon, Le Duc Tho and S.V President Thieu
“1. Immediate cease-fire
- Release of all prisoners within 60 days
- Withdrawal of all US forces and bases
- Full accounting of missing in action
- Self determination for South Vietnam”
Last US troops in Vietnam were out by…
29 march 1973
South Vietnam fell….
April 1975
Cold War dates
1945-1955
Yalta conference
Germany divided into 4- American, French, British, soviet.
Aim to keep peace after the war
Big three joined United Nations
Disagreed about Poland
Potsdam conference
May 1945 In Berlin Stalin vs. Truman Stalin protected ussr from future attack Stalin demanded $10 billion from Germany
Atomic bombs
Hiroshima- 6 august 1945
Nagasaki- 9 august 1945
Iron curtain
1946- Stalin “owed loyalty” by Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania
Stalin used secret police like Hitler
Truman doctrine
Containment policy
Send money, equipment and advice to any country threatened by communism
$17 billion over 4 years
Berlin blockade
23 June 1948- May 1949
Cuts of supplies into West Berlin from west Germany
US sent supplies every 30 seconds for 10 months
Remained in the hands of the allies
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation April 1949 Provide US with secure bases in Europe Avoid resistance from Stalin if they were to cross the Atlantic Guaranteed protection of US allies
Arms race
1949- soviets had an atomic bomb
Possibility if nuclear weapons hitting US cities
“Threats were exaggerated rather than investigated”
MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction
1961- superpowers had missiles pointed at each other
USA had more
Both had enough to destroy
1 blast would be greater that all explosives in ww2
McCarthyism
Joseph McCarthy- republican senator
Anti communist
Crucibles methods
Blacklists
Marshall aid
Giving Greece and Turkey money
$17 billion
Berlin Wall
13 august 1961
Split east and west Germany
27 October 1961 18 hour stand off at checkpoint Charlie
Cuban missile crisis
October 1962
Aries photos showed missiles pointed at Cuba (off coast of Florida)
Almost an outbreak of nuclear war
Emmett Till
August 28 1955 Gouged out eye Crushed forehead 75 pound cotton gin fan to neck with barbed wire Shot in head .45 Tallahatchie river
Martin Luther king junior
28 august 1963- I have a dream
Lincoln memorial in Washington
Rosa Parks
December 1 1955- December 21 1956
March on Washington
August 28 1963
200,000 blacks
50,000 whites
Sit ins
Feb 1 1960
4 black college students
400 others sat in eventually
Influenced by little rock students
Little rock high school
September 23 1957
9 black students
Freedom rides
May 14 1961 Case for desegregated bus stops Beaten on arrival in Birmingham Klansmen Police watched
Desegregation of public schools
Brown vs. Board of education
May 17 1954
Argued that segregation isn’t safe for black students
