History Flashcards
Who were the earliest migrants to Britain?
The Celts
When did Celtic tribes arrive in Britain?
Around 500 BCE.
What were the Celts known for regarding personal care?
They kept themselves clean using special soaps and perfumes.
What role did druids play in Celtic society?
They led religious rituals.
What modern traditions have Celtic origins?
- Halloween
- May Day
What significant event occurred in 43 CE in Britain?
The Romans invaded and conquered many tribes.
How long did the Romans stay in Britain?
Around 400 years.
What is one legacy of Roman infrastructure in Britain?
Many roads are based on old Roman roads.
Name two Roman towns that are still important today.
- Chester
- York
- Bath
- Lincoln
- Colchester
- St Albans
What was the Roman name for Britain?
‘Britannia’.
What groups were the Romans who stayed in Britain?
- Gauls
- Germans
- Hungarians
- North Africans
What new things did the Romans introduce to Britain?
- Peas
- Wine
- Grapes
- Carrots
- Cats
What were the names of the tribes living in Scotland during the Roman period?
- Picts
- Scotts
- Britons
- Angles
What tribes invaded Britain after the Romans?
- Angles
- Saxons
- Jutes
What did the Anglo-Saxons worship before converting to Christianity?
Many gods.
Which days of the week are named after Anglo-Saxon gods?
- Tiw = Tuesday
- Woden = Wednesday
- Thor = Thursday
- Freya = Friday
What is the origin of the name ‘England’?
‘Angle-land’, meaning ‘land of the Angles’.
What suffixes often indicate Anglo-Saxon towns?
- -ton
- -wich
- -worth
- -burn
- -hurst
- -ham
What time period did the Vikings begin to invade Anglo-Saxon England?
Late eighth century.
What did the Vikings initially do when they arrived in Britain?
Raided the coast for treasures.
What year did Vikings begin to settle in Britain?
865 CE.
What was the outcome of the conflicts between Anglo-Saxons and Vikings?
They became neighbors and eventually lived in peace.
Who was the king of a united England in the mid-1000s?
Edward the Confessor.
What year did the Normans invade England?
1066.
What was one major contribution of the Normans to the English language?
Over 10,000 words, such as ‘royal’, ‘city’, and ‘soldier’.
What did the Normans introduce to Britain besides language?
- New laws
- Traditions
- Customs
Fill in the blank: The British Isles lie off the north-west corner of _______.
mainland Europe.
True or False: The name ‘Pretannia’ was used by the Romans to refer to Britain.
False.
What event marked the arrival of the Windrush generation in Britain?
The Empire Windrush landed at Tilbury Docks on 22 June 1948.
Define the term ‘Windrush generation’.
‘Windrush generation’ refers to the Caribbean migrants who arrived in Britain aboard the Empire Windrush in 1948.
Why did many Caribbean people migrate to Britain after World War II?
They sought new opportunities due to poverty and hardship in the Caribbean.
What was a significant reason for the labor shortage in post-war Britain?
Many British people had migrated to countries like Canada and Australia for better opportunities.
What did the British Nationality Act of July 1948 clarify?
It clarified the right of people in the Commonwealth to live permanently and work in Britain.
List some of the sectors in Britain that needed workers after World War II.
- National Health Service (NHS)
- Transport system
- Rebuilding cities
True or False: The arrival of the Empire Windrush was met with universal acceptance in Britain.
False
What were some professions of the passengers aboard the Empire Windrush?
- Apprentice accountant
- Farm worker
- Tailor
- Boxer
- Mechanic
- Singer
- Law student
Fill in the blank: The term ‘_______’ was used at the time to describe Black people but is considered offensive today.
[coloured]
What was one of the main reasons the passengers left their homes in the Caribbean?
Lack of work opportunities.
According to an immigrant, why should there be no objection to their arrival in Britain?
They are British subjects.
What did the arrival of the Empire Windrush signify for British society?
It marked the beginning of significant Caribbean migration to Britain.
What was a common sentiment among Caribbean migrants about Britain?
They were taught that Britain was the ‘mother country’ where they would feel supported.
What type of workers did the NHS and other sectors encourage to migrate from the Caribbean?
Skilled and unskilled workers.
List reasons why people from the Caribbean may have chosen to come to Britain after the Second World War.
- Economic opportunities
- Educational prospects
- Support from the British Empire
- Employment in rebuilding efforts
What was the primary goal of European leaders after World War II?
To avoid another large-scale war by fostering cooperation among countries.
What was established in 1957 to promote economic collaboration in Europe?
The European Economic Community (EEC).
What treaty transformed the EEC into the European Union (EU)?
The Maastricht Treaty in 1992.
What right was established for citizens of EU member states by the Maastricht Treaty?
The right to work and settle in another member state.
When did Britain join the European Economic Community (EEC)?
In 1973.
How many countries were in the EEC by the late 1980s?
12 countries.
Which countries joined the EU on the same day in 2004?
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia.
How many Eastern European migrants came to Britain between 2004 and 2008?
Around 750,000.
What types of jobs did many Eastern European migrants find in Britain?
Jobs on farms, building sites, in shops, hotels, and highly skilled positions.
What economic benefits did Eastern European migrants bring to Britain?
They spent wages, started businesses, and paid taxes.
True or False: Migration from EU countries has only had positive impacts on Britain.
False.
Fill in the blank: The largest group of new EU migrants into Britain were from _______.
Poland.
What concerns arose in towns and villages with higher numbers of migrants?
Concerns about the impact on local services, such as schools.
What impact did migration have on the Polish economy?
Money sent back to Poland helped the Polish economy.
What was a negative effect of migration on Poland?
There are fewer skilled workers in Poland.
What demographic change occurred in Poland due to emigration?
Poland’s population is ageing.
What was a common issue with government planning for local services in relation to migration?
Use of out-of-date population data.
Fill in the blank: Many Eastern European EU migrants earned _______ than they did in their home countries.
far more.
What was a key statement made by foreign ministers from EU accession countries regarding Eastern European immigrants?
They add far more to the UK economy than they take out.
