Geography Flashcards
Crust
Thinnest Layer, Coldest layer, Solid rock
Mantle
Thickest layer, 1000-3700°C, Semi molten
Outer Core
2300km thick, up to 5000°C, liquidised iron
Inner Core
1250km thick, over 5000°C, Iron and nickel
Plate boundary
Where tectonic plates meet.
Ring of Fire
The ring of volcanoes in the pacific ocean.
What are the 4 pieces of evidence for the tectonic plate theory?
Jigsaw Fit, Convection Currents, Fossil Studies, Geological patterns.
Jigsaw Fit
Coastlines on many continents seem to fit together
Convectional Currents
Hot rock rises and spreads in two directions slowly moving the earth’s crust.
Fossil Studies
On the coasts of Africa and South America, there is a very rare land reptile: the mezasaurous.
Geological Patterns
The mountains of North africa and South europe consist of the exact same rocks that together make a pattern in the mountain range.
Continental Plates
Thick, old plates made of basalt
Oceanic Plates
New, thin plates made of Granite
Convergent (destructive) Plate boundary
When two plates (oceanic and continental) move towards each other, the oceanic plate to move under, causing earthquakes and composite volcanos
Divergent (constructive) Plate boundary
When two plate move away from each other, causes calm earhtquakes and volcanoes.
Conservative Plate boundaries
When two plates move vertically but in other directions, causes very violent erthquakes but no volcanoes.
Collision Plate boundaries
When two Continental (same density) plates move together. They forcing each other up, causes volcanoes, earthquakes and fold mountains
Magnitude
The level of the earthquake on the richter scale.
Volcano
Openings in the lithosphere where magma from inside the earth escapes to the surface.
Active volcano
Liable to erupt
Dormant volcano
A volcano that hasn’t erupted for many years
Extinct Volcano
A volcano that hasn’t erupted in millions of years
Pyroclastic Flow
Moving currents of gas and rock that reach speeds of 360mph amd temperatures of 1000°C
Volcanic ash
Ash blown in the air that travels to other places, damaging buildings and starting fires
Volcanic Bombs
Masses of molten rock formed during eruptions that reach up to 6 metres squared.
Lahars
Violent flows of pyroclastic materials that reaches up to speeds of 30mph but that destroys everything in its path
Caldera
A large depression in the volcano formed after a volcanic eruption
Magma Chamber
The place where all of the magma is stored prior to an eruption.
What does PPP stand for in terms of earthquakes?
Predict, Protect, Prepare
What are the factors that make a country a Superpower?
Resources, Size, Population, Military, Economy, Political
What is a soft power?
Small influences on the world such as language or entertainment.
Uni polar
Where most of the world’s aspects are influenced by one country or state.
Multi polar
Where power is distributed between multiple countries
What are the BRIC countries?
Brazil, Russia, India, China
What are the MINT countries?
Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey
