History Flashcards
The Glorious Revolution
William and Mary from Netherlands take throne, bloodless. Establishes a consititutional monarchy with English Bill of Rights.
Facts about Black Death
-1/3 of European population died
- origin from Black Sea, Mongo spread by fleas on rats
-caused an end to life on the manor
-many blamed jews
Describe Catholic Reformation
- Response to Protasant Reformation
- Church says “salvation is faith and good works” (Luther said faith alone)
- Bible is not the only source of truth
- Peanalties of worldliness amongst clergy
What was Sir Thomas More known for?
Humanist, Wrote Utopia
“The Prince” book
“Easier to be feared than loved”
Why did King Henry VII break from the Catholic church
The Pope wouldn’t dissolve his marriage
Gutenberg
He developed mass printing system, and made first printed copy of the bible
Bacon
Contributed to scientific method
Galileo
Improved telescope, found sunspots, moon crater, ect.
Newton
Law of gravity, invited Diasim, reflecting telescope, calculus
“Age of Reason”
Enlightenment Period
Salons
Ran by widows, enlightened individuals had enlightened conversations. Women and men were equal.
Henry VII
English Reformation, Anglican Church, needed divorce
Enlightened Despots
Catherine the Great (Russia)
Fredrick the Great (Prussia)
Joseph II (Austria)
Napoleon I (France)
Line of demarcation
Split the new world between Portugual (east) and Spain (west). Pope Alexander ViI
Pizarro
Captured Atahualupa and overthrew Inca empire
What animals came from New World
Turkeys and llamas
Las Casas
- anomoly view
- thought Eurpoeans were there for Gold
Mercantilism
A nations strength relies on its wealth
Capitalism
- individuals own businesses
- profit is main motive
- law of supply and demand
- large amounts of money to finance
- disinction between workers and owners
Dutch East India Company
- Joint stock company
- formed by wealthy merchants/entrepreneurs
- built armies
- declared war
Aztec
- chinampas
- most human sacrifice
Maya
- farmers
- slash and burn agriculture
- no capital
Inca
- most developed civilization
- entire Pacific coast of south america
- no written language
Mestizos
Mulattos = blending of Europeans and Africans
Mestizos = blending of Europeans and native americans
Latin america is most diverse society = cultural melting pot
Absolutism
The monarch holds supreme power
Monarch on answers God
James I = divine right advocate
Louis XIV
- Longest reigning monarch
- usher in Golden Age of France
- Palace of versallies
Louis XVI
He was king, died of decapitation
Philip II
- King of SPAIN
- divine right
- Golden Age of spain
- Catholic
- Spanish armada
Scientific Revolution
Transformation of European thought
Catherine the great
- Enlightened despot
- friend of voltaire
- brought french culture to Russia
3 Estates:
1st: Highest - Clergy
2nd: Above average - Nobility, Varsaile
3rd: Peasants, Poor - majority of population
First non-violent event in French Revolution
Tennis Court Oath
First violent event
The storming of Bastille
Declaration of the Rights of Man
All men are “born and remain free and equal in rights” and “liberty”
People who died w/ guillotine
Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Robespierre
An overtaking from the comitee of public saftey
Regin of terror
Napoleons reforms
- He created bank of France + University
- Refined finance
- Napoleanic code
- Set up Educational System
Napoleon loss vs. win
Loss: Battle at Waterloo
Win: Battle of Austerlitz
Napoleon’s greatest lasting acomplishments
Louisiana Purchase, Latin America Revolutions, Napoleonic code
Congress of Vienna
Goal: Create lasting peace
Peter the Great
- westernized Russia = trip to Europe
- no warm water
Hobes
Absolutist
Leviathan
Social Construct
Pessimestic
Believed people were born cruel greety and selfish
Montesquieu
Admired English model of gov
Separation of Power
3 Branches = executive, judicial, legislative
Checks and Balences
Voltaire
Freedoms
Critized Catholic Church = advocated for religous freedoms
Candide = women need men to save them
Most popular Philosphe
Robspierre
- Leader of sacopins
- Leader of comittee of public saftey
- Leader of Regin of terror
- Final Regin of terror death
Smith
- Father of capitalism
- Free Trade
- Supply and demand sets price
Rosseau
- Wrote social contract
- father of romanticism = emilie
- General will = subordinate to community, I do what is best for most
- Challenged equality of the sexes
Wollestonecraft
Key to equality is education
Vindication from rights of women
The praisee of folly
to expose catholic
