history Flashcards
The sugar Act (1764)
-parliament needed increased revenue for defending, protecting, and securing territories
-stream of taxes, massive amount of debt
-tax on sugar molasses and rum
-added complicated shipping requirements; authorizes searching ships for smuggling, more/most work for merchants
- if found smuggling, they were tied in Britain/ not in the colonies BY a English judge
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Stamp Act (1765)
- A direct tax on legal documents, newspapers, land, deeds, wills, ETC
-colonial legislatures begin raising questions on self government and representation - Virginia house of burgesses and Patrick henry
Boston Rising
-Boston’s port was economically strained by the sugar act
- Loyal Nine forms to run Stamp distributors out of Boston
Loyal nine, middle class artisan and small business owners
* Andrew Oliver kidnapped by mob and tied to a tree , was told to resign
- he refuse to resign, mob destroys his office, make a scarecrow of Andrew Oliver and behead it
- after he is threaten he flees and resigns
-sons of liberty organize to protest the British crown
(less radical like loyal nine) -draft petitions and organize boycotts
Growing unity in the colonies
(Join or die snake history Bullshit)
-ideologically supported the ideas of John Locke and republicanism
-republican is a sense of duty amongst citizens to avoid moral and political corruption
-The stamp Act congress (1765)
met in new York Nine of the 13 colonies sent representives
-coming together
-parliament doesn’t have the right to tax them
-declaration of rights of the stamp act congress
-agree to a non importation strategy a boycott
boycott British goods
-parliament starts to see colonies not buying goods
-Repeal the stamp Act
-parliament the Declaratory Act : Parliament’s right to govern over colonies
New York and the Quartering act
-The quartering Act required colonial legislatures to fund housing soldiers
indirect tax and places it upon colonial government
colonial legislatures now lack authority to manage their budget
-new York suspending Act 1767
eliminate new York’s colonial legislature until they complied with the quartering act
Townshend Acts 1767
-Charles Townshend, acting prime minister, wanted to tax imports to colonies
*widespread tax on most goods: glass, paint, led, paper, tea
-Samuel Adams and the circular letters
-tarring and feathering
-non importation strategy resumed
Customs Racketeering in the Townshend Acts
Towns whittled away colonial authority by forcing colonial governments to pay royal officials
-British soldiers begin to seize ships
*john Hancock
-with outcry and boycott, parliament repeals Townshend Acts
-Boston will be placed under Marshall law
-tea tax
Allies in Britain and opposition in the colonies
oppositionists in the colonies support parliament but wanted reforms
enslaved in the colonies
some noted the hypocrisy of a movement for liberty and representative government while maintaining slavery
somerset v Stewart (James somerset enslaved man who was taken from MASS. to Britain, while in Britain somerset escaped but was captured and re-enslaved - quaker absolutists sued for somersets FREEDOM and won)
-this case doesn’t apply for colonies
petitions for freedom in the American colonies
*apply somerset to the colonies didn’t end up working, groups of enslaved will petition for their freedom
Boston Massacre 1770
1768 there were 4000 British troops stationed in Boston
-because of the rioting and destruction and stuff
-again Boston was placed under Marshall law
-tension with British soldiers (obviously)
-harassing soldiers (yay f the British)
-march 5th 1770 Crispus Attucks, and African sailor leads a mob to -the customs house were soldiers guarded
( Crips was a sailor) - born enslaved
-going to the customs house/pay taxes for imports
(still kept the tea tax)
-captain named Thomas Preston- leads reinforcements to the customs house
-a gun goes off, and led to other soldiers to started to fire off into the crowd
- shooting 11 people and 5 will die INCLDUING crispus Attucks
- John Adams is a cousin to Samuel Adams
-everyone deserves a fair trial
-captain Thomas Preston and 6 soldiers found not guilty
The Tea Act, 1773
- British east India company monopoly on the staple of tea
only ones who could sell tea ^^^^
-Townshend acts when TEA was first taxed (but kept the TEA tax)
-buying British goods except for tea (BOYCOTTTTT)
-British east India company wasting money on all this damn tea - Tea act enacted to bail out the British eats India company
( TEA ACT IS NOT A TAX ON TEA ) tea act REMOVES tax on tea
-allowed B.E.I.C. to sell tea directly to colonists
makes tea cheaper -colonists still not happy
-merchants not happy b/c no more money (lol)
-LEADS TO BOSTON TEA PARTY (f your tea brah)
5000 Bostonians organized the tea party
get 50 men to disguise themselves as Mohawk Indians - destroyed 90,000 pounds of tea worth 9000 pounds
-thousands are cheering and happy bc no more tea
The American revolution: The rebellion begins
-Tories or loyalists feared insurrection and chaos
Tories do not support the revolution, mainly out of fear
-Whigs or patriots, mobilized support of Americans
enlist or donate they are getting more people to support the revolution
-80% white Americans support 20% oppose
-freed and enslaved African Americans and native Americans divided most favored the British
-native Americans are divided
The American revolution: advantages and disadvantage
Americans:
-Home field advantage
-only citizen militias in the early years
-guerrilla warfare
-adapted to a professional military style
British:
-population (11 mil to 2.5 mil)
-world largest navy and nest army
-hired German hessians, 30,000 go and fight (paying people)
-growing debt and frustrated Britons
The American revolution: George Washington
Post-fort necessity
-Growing influence and experience since the French and Indian war
-Virginia house of burgesses and continental congress (chosen by his peers to be the commander of the continental army)
Washington’s strategy
-build up continental army
-treat soldiers with respect and lead them with dignity
-outlast the British
get tired and give up
The American revolution: Revolution in the north
-British will capture the city of new York summer of 1776
happened so quickly was because there was a higher number of loyalists in new York
*Battles of Trenton and Princeton
patriots will regroup and locate in Pennsylvania and go back to new jersey
American Victories
- marquis de Lafayette and the French
