Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuropsychology > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

El estudiante comprenderá los orígenes y evolución de la neuropsicología como disciplina

1
Q

Cerebral hypothesis vs Cardiac hypothesis

A

Hipocrates, Alcmaeon y Plato: feelings in heart and intellectual in the brain.

Aristotle and Empedocles: Intellectual processes in heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Galeno

A

Cerebrospinal fluid for mental activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Andrés Vesalius

A

Nervous tissue for mental activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phrenology (Localizationist)

A

Franz Gall & Casper Sprurzheim.

Mental activities situated in specific areas.

27 mental faculties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Holistic (Antilocalizationist)

A

Initiated by Pierres Flourens

Brain functioned in a global and unitary manner

Weakness: was equating the human and animal brains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aphasiologists

A

Paul Broca & Carl Wernicke

Broca: confirm the relationships of expressive language and the left frontal lobe.

Wernicke: identifies the main center of receptive language in the posterior region of the temporal lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Broca’s area

A

Manages expressive language

It’s aphasia affects speaking, but usually not comprehension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arcuate fasciculus (Wernicke)

A

Connects the centers of receptive and expressive language (Broca’s area and center of receptive language).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paul Broca

A

Correlation of language with the third frontal convolution.

First analysis of cerebral asimetry.

Language is not a unitary function localized in one part: comprehension and expression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Lesion in the first temporal convolution.

The patient spoke fluently and was amble to produce language (sometimes nonsense), and did not understand anything that was said to him.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Broca’s aphasia vs Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Motor expression / Sensory comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Branches of research

A

Localizing dialectics

Antilocalizationist

Associationism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Associationist - Lichtheim

A

First model of explanation of aphasias

“House model”: Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas + center of concepts

Explains dissociations that may occur in language disorders and associations between the centers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(1) William Osler

A

The concept of neuropsychology was first used by him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(2) Neuropsychology had alredy become a common term in the field of neurosciences in…

A

In the late 50’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(3) Friedrich Golz

A

His studies with dogs support the idea that brain functions are in a global manner (anti-localizationism)

17
Q

(4) John Hughlings Jackson

A

A focal lesion would cause a disorganization, not a disappearance of the function.

Contribution to hemispheric asymmetries.

18
Q

(5( Karl Lashley

A

Proposed currently basic principles such as…
Law of mass action: the consequence that an injury has on behavior.

Principle of equipotentiality: any brain area is capable of taking control of any type of behavior.

19
Q

(6) Kurt Goldstein

A

Pioneers of NP REHABILITATION

Studied the consequences of war injuries on the CNS

20
Q

(7) Donald Hebb

A

Leading representatives of contemporary NP

Studies on MEMORY, establishing neurophysiological differences between STM and LTM

21
Q

Influence of Luria

A

Antilocalizationist: brain as a complex functional system

Syndromic analysis

Proposes three functional units to understand the holistic meaning of brain function.

22
Q

Three functional units of Luria
FIRST FUNCTIONAL UNIT

A

Regula el tono y el estado de vigilia; fundamental para una actividad mental organizada.

LOCALIZACIÓN: Núcleos de la formación reticular en el troncco cerebral y tálamo.

23
Q

Three functional units of Luria
SECOND FUNCTIONAL UNIT

A

Obtiene, procesa y almacena información del mundo exterior. Cada lóbulo consta de áreas primarias (receptivaas), secundarias (codificadoras) y terciarias (integradoras).

LOCALIZACIÓN: Lóbulos occipital, temporal y parietal.

24
Q

Three functional units of Luria
THIRD FUNCTIONAL UNIT

A

Control de las formas más complejas de la conducta. Programación, regulación y verificación de la actividad mental y la conducta. Iniciativa y control atencional.

LOCALIZACIÓN: Lóbulo frontal.

25
Q

Ben Yishay 70-80

A

Importance of considering interpersonal and social needs

26
Q

Muriel Lezak (1986)

A

Emotional responses of the patient and family

27
Q

Sohlberg and Mateer

A

Treatment and management of ADHD

28
Q

Prigatano

A

Awareness of brain damage

29
Q

NP Rehab currently

A

It’s a multidisciplinary task (can have dissadvantages with the changes involved).

30
Q

Since 1975

A

Emergence of brain imaging
Standarized tests in diagnosis
Development of NP Rehab
Professionalization of NP
Increase in number of publications
Conceptual integration
Expansion in the field of work

Neuropsychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions