History

Question 1

Define ‘Propaganda’

Answer 1

‘Propaganda’ is information of a biased nature to create political views or create hatred and/or fear of individuals or groups.

Question 2

Define ‘Enemy Aliens’

Answer 2

‘Enemy Aliens’ were citizens of another country living in a country with which is at war.

Question 3

Define ‘Conscription’

Answer 3

‘Conscription’ is compulsory enrollment for service in a country’s armed forces.

Question 4

Define ‘Rationing’

Answer 4

‘Rationing’ is limiting the amount of goods and services that is in high demand and short supply, each individual is allowed.

Question 5

Define ‘Manpower Controls’

Answer 5

‘Manpower controls’ was a legislation by the Government to ensure workforce members were placed into industries that were in high demand.

Question 6

Define ‘Interwar Years’

Answer 6

‘Interwar Years’ is the existing time period between two world wars, specifically World War I and World War II.

Question 7

Define ‘Hyperinflation’

Answer 7

‘Hyperinflation’ is when there is a rapid, out of control increase on general prices and the value of money falls.

Question 8

Define ‘Appeasement’

Answer 8

‘Appeasement’ is when a country makes political or material concessions to an enemy in power to avoid conflict.

Question 9

Define ‘Censorship’

Answer 9

‘Censorship’ is limiting or altering information that the public has access to. Carried out by the Government to maintain morale and to reduce panic/fear.

Question 10

Define ‘Japanese Expansionism’

Answer 10

‘Japanese Expansionism’ was when Japan’s political elite wanted to acquire new land from other countries, taking natural resources and relocate excess population.

Question 11

Define ‘Internment’

Answer 11

‘Internment’ is the act of placing an individual in prison due to prison or military reasons.

Question 12

Why did countries resort to using ‘propaganda’?

Answer 12

Countries resorted to using propaganda to create hatred and/or fear towards certain individuals and groups while encouraging enlistment.

Question 13

List and Describe 2 reasons why nations used censorship in World War II

Answer 13

1. Censorship prevented valuable information from the hands of the enemy and gain a strategic advantage.
2. To Governments, censorship was necessary to maintain the public’s morale through controlling the flow of information.

Question 14

Explain how women were affected by WWII

Answer 14

World War II affected Australian women as they took on more responsibilities and acquired skills in military and civilian settings as maintaining these roles were urgent.

Question 15

Discuss one women’s organisation in WWII and how it contributed to the war effort.

Answer 15

The Australian Women Army Force (AWAS) was a non-medical service by women in the Second World War. Established on August 1941 to release men from some duties of military for employment into fighting units. The role women had to fill in included administration, catering, and intelligence.

Question 16

Describe what ‘Rationing’ was

Answer 16

‘Rationing’ was a time during the war where thousands of items were scarce but mainly items such as sugar, meat, canned goods, and gasoline were prioritised under rationing regulations. The Government issued coupons together with money to purchase.

Question 17

Explain what ‘Enemy Aliens’ were and how they were treated in WWII.

Answer 17

‘Enemy aliens’ were internees from countries at war with Australia, mainly Germany and Japan. In order to prevent crucial information from getting to the hands of the enemy, they were kept in Australian camps, experiencing brutal treatments such as beatings, stabbed, or even shot at together with unsanitary conditions.

Question 18

Explain what ‘Conscription’ was and why it was practiced in the Second World War

Answer 18

‘Conscription’ was a compulsory military service for young men. Conscription was practiced in the Second World War for the purpose of self-defense and partly due to few Australian men volunteering in AIF.

Question 19

Where did Australians serve and fight?

Answer 19

Almost a million, both men and women, served in the Second World War. Australians fought in campaigns against Germany and Italy in Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa, Additionally, against the Japanese in South East Asia and other parts of the Pacific.

Question 20

How did Japan successfully secure victory in the ‘Fall of Singapore’?

Answer 20

Due to the British underestimating the Japanese’ advanced tactics such as entering through the Malaya and the ‘impenetrable’ jungle so the British thought by a technique known as ‘bicycle blitzkrieg’ and Singapore was overall poorly defended from constant bombing with little to no aircraft-ammunitions.

Question 21

Describe the conditions the soldiers faced on the Kokoda Track

Answer 21

Soldiers fighting in the Kokoda Track faced harsh, challenging conditions such as the dense jungle and mountainous terrain while carrying heavy supplies, exposed to dysentery, fevers, and infections, and shortages of food, water, and medical supplies altogether with psychological stress from sleepless nights and trauma.

Question 22

Why is Kokoda considered a significant battle for Australian forces in WWII?

Answer 22

The Australian forces considered the Battle of Kokoda significant as it prevented further attacks and potential invasion unto Australia and became the nations pride and unity as the sacrifices of Civilian Military Forces had an importance with Australia’s role in WWII.

Question 23

What were the two most famous Prisoner of War camps that Australian soldiers were interned in.

Answer 23

1. The Burma-Thailand Railway
2. Changi

Question 24

Describe what the conditions were like for Prisoners of War

Answer 24

Prisoners of War suffered from the conditions of malnourishment as they were often denied food or given small portions of rice however, the quantity was not enough for the beatings and forced labour. Tens of thousands POWs died from malnutrition, overwork from physical labour, and harsh beatings.

Question 25

Explain why the Japanese treated Prisoners of War so harshly

Answer 25

The Japanese believed in the military philosophy ‘Bushido’, finding importance in loyalty, honour, respect, and martial arts. Heavily believing in dying with courage rather than fear or surrendering as it was seen as dishonour, bringing it upon their families and country. The Japanese thought that POWs who surrendered brought dishonour and didn’t deserve respect leading to the endurement of physical beatings, denied food and medical assistance, and killed.

Question 26

What was the ‘Treaty of Versailles’

Answer 26

The ‘Treaty of Versailles’ which was one of the many events that occurred in the Interwar Years was signed by the following countries France, Britain, Austria-Hungary, Japan, and the United States to officially end World War 1 on the 28th of June 1919.

Question 27

What was ‘The Armistice’

Answer 27

The ‘Armistice’ was signed by Germany and its allies to stop fighting, however not surrender to one another on November 11, 1918.

Question 28

What was ‘The Great Depression’

Answer 28

‘Great Depression’ a time of worldwide economic depression as many nations, including Germany and Japan had a significant amount of loan from the United States. Due to this great amount of loan, the United States had taken immediate action causing several nations economy to shatter from the increased rate in starvation, homelessness, and unemployment also resulting in millions of deaths. The series of financial crises occurred in 1929 to 1939.