Geography

Question 1

Define ‘Environment’.

Answer 1

‘Environment’ refers to the surroundings and/or conditions that a living organism finds themselves in.

Question 2

Define ‘Global Warming’.

Answer 2

‘Global Warming’ is a rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere.

Question 3

Define ‘Land Degradation’.

Answer 3

‘Land Degradation’ refers to the chemical and biophysical changes in land, reducing its quantity and quality.

Question 4

Define ‘Coastal Barriers’.

Answer 4

‘Coastal Barriers’ are barriers that protect the coast from severe storms or erosion.

Question 5

Define ‘Sustainability’.

Answer 5

‘Sustainability’ is the ability to meet the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 6

Define ‘Developing Country’.

Answer 6

‘Developing Country’ is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index relative to other countries.

Question 7

Define ‘Multidimensional Poverty’.

Answer 7

‘Multidimensional Poverty’ is poverty that isn’t solely based on income. It takes into account a variety of dimensions, including, health, education, and living standards.

Question 8

Define ‘Poverty’.

Answer 8

‘Poverty’ refers to individuals who have little to no material means of surviving, such as, education, healthcare, food, and etc.

Question 9

Define ‘Spatial Inequality’.

Answer 9

‘Spatial Inequality’ is the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and treatment among different geographical locations.

Question 10

Define ‘Gross National Product’ (GNP).

Answer 10

‘Gross National Product’ is the total market value of all goods and services produced by the country’s citizens, internationally and domestically.

Question 11

Define ‘Greenhouse Effects’.

Answer 11

‘Greenhouse Effects’ is a natural process that results from greenhouse gasses trapping Earth’s heat energy and maintaining temperature.

Question 12

Define ‘Climate Change’.

Answer 12

‘Climate Change’ is the long-term permanent shift in some or all parts of the weather.

Question 13

Define ‘Human-Centered Worldview’.

Answer 13

‘Human-Centered Worldview’ is when humans believe that they are the most superior and dominant species, having unrestricted use to resources for their benefit alone. The value of other species is based on how useful they are to humans.

Question 14

Define ‘Stewardship Worldview’.

Answer 14

‘Stewardship Worldview’ has been held by indigenous people for many centuries, while they use resources for support, they have knowledge and appreciation of their environment and act responsible to ensure the Earth’s continuing productivity,

Question 15

Define ‘Earth-Centered Worldview’.

Answer 15

‘Earth-Centered Worldview’ is when people believe that nature exists for all species, and that humans are equal rather than superior. Preventing natural world depletion though ecological sustainability.

Question 16

What are the main causes of climate change?

Answer 16

‘Climate Change’ refers to long-term permanent shift in some or all parts of the weather. It is caused by greenhouse gasses and carbon dioxide being released into the Earth’s atmosphere, trapping the suns heat. The main causes are generating power, manufacturing goods, and transportation.

Question 17

How would a country be considered ‘developed’?.

Answer 17

A country with a mature and sophisticated economy, measured by Gross Domestic Product and average per resident, having advanced technological infrastructure and diverse industrial and service sectors.

Question 18

How would a country be considered ‘developing’?

Answer 18

A nation with a less-developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index relative to other countries.

Question 19

How would a country be considered ‘less-developing’?

Answer 19

One that is highly vulnerable to economic and environmental shocks and have low levels of human assets is considered a ‘less-developed country’.

Question 20

What are greenhouse gasses, and how do they contribute to the Earth’s climate change system?

Answer 20

Gasses that trap heat within the Earth’s atmosphere are known as greenhouse gasses. Greenhouse gasses absorbs the suns heat, trapping it in the atmosphere, and preventing it from being released into space. This then creates a rise in the Earth’s temperature.

Question 21

What are the greenhouse gasses affecting the planet?

Answer 21

The main greenhouse gasses affecting Earth are:
1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Methane
3. Nitrous Oxide
4. Fluorinated Gasses
5. Water Vapor

Question 22

Name the 8 challenges of sustainability.

Answer 22

1. Pollution
2. Habitat Loss
3. Exploited Oceans
4. Urbanization
5. Energy Use
6. Land Degradation
7. Population Growth
8. Climate Change

Question 23

Define ‘Pollution’.

Answer 23

‘Pollution’ is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment, such as, industrial waste, pathological waste, and agricultural waste.

Question 24

Define ‘Energy Use’.

Answer 24

‘Energy Use’ is the burning of fossil fuels (coal, gas, or oil), which then produces carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.

Question 25

Define ‘Population Growth’.

Answer 25

‘Population Growth’ is the increase in the number of humans on Earth, contributing to high waste production, such as, pollution, sewage, and carbon emissions.

Question 26

Define ‘Urbanization’.

Answer 26

‘Urbanization’ is the increase in proportion of people living in towns and cities rather than rural areas.

Question 27

Define ‘Exploited Oceans’.

Answer 27

‘Exploited Oceans’ is the utilization of the oceans food, mineral resources, energy, and water sources.

Question 28

Define ‘Habitat Loss’.

Answer 28

‘Habitat Loss’ refers to the reduction of the amount of space a species can survive and reproduce.

Question 29

What are examples of alternative methods of measuring human wellbeing ?

Answer 29

The alternative methods of measuring human wellbeing are the Multidimensional Poverty Index and Happy Planet Index.

Question 30

What does HDI stand for and what does it measure?

Answer 30

HDI stands for Human Development Index and it measures a nations expected lifespan, education, and average income per person.

Question 31

What are the 2 external causes of Spatial Inequality?

Answer 31

Transnational Corporations and Trade Imbalances.
Transnational Corporations often set up in developing countries due to the advantage of cheap labor and low costs. This results in poor working conditions and low wages, with most of the profits returning to where the TNC’s are based.
In developing countries, Trade Imbalances are an issue as they often spend more money on expensive imported goods rather than what they earn from selling natural resources. The trade deficit leads to debt and prevents the country from investing in their own development.

Question 32

What are the 2 internal causes of spatial inequality.

Answer 32

The 2 internal causes of spatial inequality are population growth and militarism.
Population Growth is an internal cause as a country’s ability to provide the needs of it’s people is affected by the growth rate of the population.
Militarism contributes to spatial inequality as it leads to countries spending a lot of money on the miliary rather than improvements, such as, education, healthcare, and infrastructure. This makes it challenging for countries to get the support they need.

Question 33

Explain the link between where a person lives and their wellbeing.

Answer 33

Where and individual lives can affect their wellbeing as it influences access to essentials, like, education, healthcare, and job opportunities. Those who live in these areas usually have better access, leading to a higher quality of life. Those who live in poorer areas face challenges like limited services, higher unemployment, and poor health conditions.

Question 34

Discuss ways that other nations can assist other countries to improve their wellbeing that do not rely on monetary decisions.

Answer 34

Other nations can help improve wellbeing in other countries though sharing skills, knowledge, and resources. For example, sending teachers, doctors, and engineers to provide the local with the information, building schools and healthcare’s.

Question 35

Why is poverty important to measure?

Answer 35

It is essential to measure poverty to monitor its progress and provide understanding with ways to reduce the issue.